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Emergent Coastline

Emergent coastline

In earth science an emergent coastline is a coastline which has experienced a fall in sea level, because of either a global sea level change, or local uplift. Emergent coastlines are identifiable by the coastal landforms, which are above the high tide mark, such as raised beaches.

Earth science

Earth science (also known as geoscience, the geosciences or the Earth Sciences), is an all-embracing term for the sciences related to the planet Earth. It is arguably a special case in planetary science, being the only known life-bearing planet. There are both reductionist and holistic approaches to Earth science. The major historic disciplines use physics, geography, mathematics, chemistry, and biology to build a quantitative understanding of the principal areas or spheres of the Earth system:

Earth's spheres

- Geology covers the rocky parts of the Earth (or lithosphere) including the planet's core, mantle, and crust. Major subdisciplines are geophysics, geochemistry, paleontology, petrology, stratigraphy and sedimentology.
- Oceanography, limnology, and hydrology describe the marine and freshwater domains of the watery parts of the Earth (or hydrosphere). Major subdisciplines include hydrogeology and physical, chemical, and biological oceanography.
- Atmospheric sciences cover the gaseous parts of the Earth (or atmosphere).
- Glaciology covers the icy parts of the Earth (or cryosphere) However, given the numerous interactions between the spheres many modern fields take an interdisciplinary approach and thus do not sit comfortably in this scheme:

Interdisciplinary fields

- Biogeochemistry follows the cycling of elements through the spheres mediated by biological and geological processes, and especially their distribution and fluxes between reservoirs.
- Mineralogy and Mineral Physics consider the rock-forming minerals on the atomic length-scale, both as part of geosystems and increasingly with an eye towards technological applications (for instance, as catalysts or exploiting their potential ferroelectric properties); in this, there is extensive and increasing overlap with solid-state physics, crystal chemistry and Materials Science.
- Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology use the properties of sediments, ice cores, or biological material to infer past states of the ocean, atmosphere or climate. Furthermore, other modern disciplines known collectively as Earth system science approach the entire Earth as a system in its own right, which evolves as a result of positive and negative feedback between constituent systems:
- Meteorology describes, explains and predicts the weather based on the interaction of principally the ocean and atmosphere.
- Climatology describes and explains the climate in terms of the interaction of the litho-, hydro-, atmo-, cryo-, and bio- spheres.
- Gaia theories explain the behaviour of the Earth system in terms of the influence of the biosphere. Like all other scientists, earth scientists apply the scientific method: formulate hypotheses after observation of and gathering data about natural phenomena and then test those hypotheses. In earth science, data usually plays a critical role in testing and formulating hypotheses. The systems approach, enabled by the combined use of computer models as hypotheses tested by global satellite and ship-board data, is increasingly giving scientists the ability to explain the past and possible future behaviour of the Earth system.

Partial list of the major Earth Science topics

Landform

A landform comprises a geomorphological unit. Landforms are categorised by characteristics such as elevation, slope, orientation, stratification, rock exposure, and soil type. Landforms by name include berms, mounds, hills, cliffs, valleys, and so forth. Oceans and continents exemplify highest-order landforms. A number of factors, ranging from plate tectonics to erosion and deposition can generate and affect landforms. Biological factors can also influence landforms -- see for example the role of plants in the development of dune systems and salt marshes, and the work of corals and algae in the formation of coral reefs. coral reefs

List of landforms

- alas
- continent
- limestone pavement
- plain and plateau
- rock formations

Slope landforms

- cliff
- cuesta
- dale
- dell
- escarpment
- glen
- gully
- hill
- knoll
- mountain
- ridge
- rock shelter
- scarp
- terrace & terracettes
- vale
- valley
- watershed

Coastal and oceanic landforms

Coast
- arch
- barrier bar & barrier island
- bay & gulf
- beach & raised beach
- boondock
- cape
- cave
- cliff
- coast
- coral reef
- cove
- delta
- dune system
- estuary
- fjord
- headland
- island, islet, island arc, archipelago & atoll
- lagoon
- machair
- ocean
- Ocean ridge & oceanic trench
- peninsula
- ria
- salt marsh
- sea
- sound
- spit
- stack & stump
- tombolo
- wave cut platform

Fluvial landforms

- bar
- basin
- beach
- cave
- cliff
- gully
- island
- lake
- levee
- marsh
- meander
- oasis
- ox-bow lake
- pool
- riffle
- river
- spring
- stream
- stream terrace
- swamp
- valley and vale
- waterfall
- watershed

Mountain and glacial landforms

- arête
- cirque
- crevasse
- cwm
- dirt cone
- drumlin
- drumlin field
- esker
- fjord
- glacial valley
- glacial horn
- glacier
- hanging valley
- kame
- kame delta
- kettle
- moraine
- mountain & mountain range
- outwash fan and outwash plain
- pingo
- stream terrace
- valley

Volcanic landforms

- Caldera
- Cinder cone
- Geyser
- lava dome
- lava flow & lava plain
- Ocean ridge
- Oceanic trench
- Vent
- Volcanic island
- Volcano, shield volcano & composite volcano (or stratovolcano)
- ((Butte))

Erosion landforms

Landforms produced by erosion and weathering usually occur in coastal or fluvial environments, and many appear above under those headings. Some other erosion landforms that do not fall into the above categories include:
- canyon
- cave
- limestone pavement
- tea table
- Deposition landform -- landforms produced by deposition of load or sediment (usually coastal or fluvial).
- Eolian landform - landforms produced by wind weathering.

External links

- [http://www.deh.gov.au/settlements/industry/minerals/booklets/landform/ Landform Design] Category:Geomorphology ja:地形

Raised beach

A Raised beach is an emergent coastal landform. Raised beaches are a beaches or wave cut platforms raised above the shore line by a relative fall in the sea level. This could be due to an actual fall in the water level such as may be caused by the partial draining of a lake or a river cutting its way into a deeper channel. More frequently a raised beach is formed when tectonic activity, such as earthquakes which cause the level of the land to rise. See also: Landform

External links

- [http://www.nahste.ac.uk/subj/r/1973/ Notes] at NHASTE Category:Landforms Category:Coasts

Submergent coastline

In earth science a submergent coastline is a coastline which has experienced a rise in sea level, either due to a global sea level change, or local subsidence. Submergent coastlines are identifiable by their submerged, or "drowned" landforms, such as rias (drowned valleys) and fjords. Examples of submergent coastlines include:
- the Baltic coastline
- the eastern United States around Chesapeake Bay
- southern England
- the coastline of Norway
- the coastline of Croatia
- the coastline of Greece Category:Landforms

Category:Landforms

Category:Geography Category:Geomorphology ko:분류:지형 ja:Category:地形

Echium wildpretii

El "Tajinaste rojo" ( Echium wildpretii Pears. ex Hook. fil.) es una planta incluida en el género Echium. Es una planta herbácea bienal que puede alcanzar los 3 metros de altura que se desarrolla en Las Cañadas del Teide a pleno sol y tolera bien periodos prolongados de sequía.

Etimología

Basónimo:Echium wildpretii Pears. ex Hook. fil.
Sinonimia:
Echium trichosyphon.
Echium bourgaenum.
Nombre vernáculo:
Español: Orgullo de Tenerife, Tajinaste rojo.
Catalán: Euskera: Gallego y Portugués: Inglés: Tower of jewels.

Procedencia

Endémico de la isla de Tenerife

Hábitat

Se encuentra en la zona subalpina de las Cañadas del Teide. Resiste durante el invierno hielos hasta un gradiente de -5 ºC. Requiere suelo bien drenado aunque sea pobre, seco árido y exposición a pleno sol.

Teide

Descripción

Planta vivaz bienal. Roseta foliar densa durante el primer año. Desarrolla inflorescencia erecta que puede alcanzar de 1 a 3 metros, durante el segundo año. Flores con la corola color rojo coral ( hecho diferencial con la subespecie "trichosyphon ", endémica de la isla de La Palma con la corola color azúl. ). Hojas persistentes lanceoladas más espesas en la base y menos a lo largo de la inflorescencia.

Floración

Florece a finales de la Primavera y principio de Verano. Una vez que maduran las semillas la planta muere.

Usos

Planta de uso en jardinería. Es una de las principales plantas utilizadas por las abejas melíferas en la producción de miel, por la gran riqueza de polen y néctar de sus flores. miel

Curiosidades

En las zonas donde florecen los Tajinastes, se obtiene una miel monofloral caracteristica con denominación de origen. Es más frecuente en el Sureste de Tenerife, en los Altos de Arafo y Arico. Esta miel cuando está fluída es de un color muy claro, casi blanco agua con matices amarillo ambarínos, dependiendo de la flora acompañante. Cuando está cristalizada presenta un color entre blanco y beige claro. Es una miel muy suave que se puede utilizar con alimentos a los que no se les quiere enmascarar su aroma.

Especies de Echium

- Echium acanthocarpum Svent.
- Echium aculeatum Poir.
- Echium albicans Lag. & Rodr.
- Echium angustifolium Lam.
- Echium arenarium Guss.
- Echium asperrimum Lam.
- Echium auberianum Webb et Berth.
- Echium bethencourtii Santos
- Echium boissieri Steudel
- Echium bonnetii Coincy
- Echium brevirame Sprague et Hutch.
- Echium callithyrsum Webb ex Bolle
- Echium candicans L. fil.
- Echium creticum L.
- Echium decaisnei Webb
- Echium flavum Desf.
- Echium gaditanum Boiss.
- Echium gentianoides
- Echium giganteum L. fil.
- Echium handiense Svent.
- Echium humile Desf.
- Echium italicum L.
- Echium lancerottense Lems et Holz.
- Echium leucophaeum Webb ex Sprague et Hutch.
- Echium lusitanicum L.
- Echium marianum Boiss.
- Echium parviflorum Moench
- Echium pavonianum Boiss.
- Echium pininana Webb et Berth.
- Echium plantagineum L.( Buglosa )
- Echium pustulatum Sibth. & Sm.
- Echium rosulatum Lange
- Echium russicum J.F.Gmel.
- Echium sabulicola Pomel
- Echium salmanticum Lag.
- Echium simplex DC.( Arrebol Tajinaste )
- Echium strictum L.f.
- Echium sventenii Bramw.
- Echium tuberculatum Hoffmanns. & Link
- Echium virescens DC.
- Echium vulgare L.( Viborera )
- Echium webbii Coincy
- Echium wildpretii Pears. ex Hook. fil.( Tajinaste rojo )

Notas

- categoría: Botánica categoría:Canarias

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Geschichte

Ursprung

Die Landstraße von Mannheim nach Neu

Emergent coastline

See also

Earth science

Earth's spheres

Interdisciplinary fields

Partial list of the major Earth Science topics

Geology

Oceanography

Geography

Limnology

Glaciology

Atmospheric Science

Systems or multidisciplinary

See also

Landform

See also

List of landforms

Slope landforms

Coastal and oceanic landforms

Fluvial landforms

Mountain and glacial landforms

Volcanic landforms

Erosion landforms

External links

Raised beach

External links

Submergent coastline

Category:Landforms

Echium wildpretii

Etimología

Procedencia

Hábitat

Descripción

Floración

Usos

Curiosidades

Especies de Echium

Notas

Geographie

Geschichte

Ursprung