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Cargo Airline

Cargo airline

]] Cargo airlines are airlines dedicated to the transport of cargo. Some cargo airlines are divisions or subsidiaries of larger passenger airlines.

Aircraft used

Larger cargo airlines tend to use new or recently built aircraft to carry their freight, but many use older aircraft, like the Boeing 707, Douglas DC-8, Ilyushin 76. Examples of the 60-year-old Douglas DC-3 are still flying around the world carrying cargo (as well as passengers). Short range turboprop airliners such as the Fokker Friendship and British Aerospace ATP are now being modified to accept standard air freight pallets to extend their working lives. This normally involves the replacement of glazed windows with opaque panels, the strengthening of the cabin floor and insertion of a broad top-hinged door in one side of the fuselage. A number of cargo airlines carry a few passengers from time to time on their flights, and UPS once unsuccessfully tried a passenger charter airline division.

Noteable cargo airlines, in the history of air cargo

- ABX_Air
- Airborne Express
- Air Hong Kong
- American International Airways/Kalitta
- Atlas Air
- Burlington Air Express
- Cargolux
- Challenger Air Cargo
- DAS Air Cargo
- DHL Aviation
- Emerald Air
- Emery Worldwide
- FedEx
- Fine Air
- Flying Tiger Line
- Gemini Air Cargo
- Heavylift Cargo Airlines
- Kalitta Air
- KLM Cargo
- Lufthansa Cargo
- Martinair
- National Air Cargo
- Nippon Cargo Airlines (NCA, an associate of ANA)
- Polar Air Cargo
- Purolator
- Seaboard World Airlines
- Singapore Airlines Cargo
- TNT
- Tol Air
- UPS
- United States Postal Service
- Volga-Dnepr

World's largest freight carriers by scheduled freight tonne-kilometres flown

2004 total scheduled freight tonne-kilometres flown

#Federal Express 14.579 million #Korean Air 8.264 million #Lufthansa 8.040 million #United Parcel Service 7.353 million #Singapore Airlines 7.143 million #Cathay Pacific 5.876 million #China Airlines 5.642 million #Eva Airways 5.477 million #Air France 5.388 million #Japan Airlines 4.924 million

2004 international scheduled freight tonne-kilometres flown

#Korean Air 8.164 million #Lufthansa 8.028 million #Singapore Airlines 7.143 million #Cathay Pacific 5.876 million #China Airlines 5.642 million #Federal Express 5.595 million #Eva Airways 5.477 million #Air France 5.384 million #British Airways 4.771 million #Cargolux 4.670 million

2004 domestic scheduled freight tonne-kilometres flown

#Federal Express 8.984 million #United Parcel Service 4.260 million #Northwest Airlines 0.949 million #China Southern Airlines 0.860 million #American Airlines 0.576 million #Delta Air Lines 0.557 million #Air China 0.531 million #United Airlines 0.525 million #Cargojet Airways 0.517 million #China Eastern Airlines 0.458 million Source for 2004 data: International Air Transport Association. Note that it only includes data for member airlines. Category:Commercial item transport and distribution Category:Airlines

Transport

:For other article subjects named transport, see Transport (disambiguation). Transportation redirects here, for other uses, see Transportation (disambiguation). Transport or transportation is the movement of people, goods, signals and information from one place to another. The term is derived from the Latin trans ("across") and portare ("to carry").

Aspects of transport

The field of transport has several aspects: loosely they can be divided into a triad of infrastructure, vehicles, and operations. Infrastructure includes the transport networks (roads, railways, airways, canals, pipelines, etc.) that are used, as well as the nodes or terminals (such as airports, railway stations, bus stations and seaports). The vehicles generally ride on the networks, such as automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, airplanes. The operations deal with the control of the system, such as traffic signals and ramp meters, railroad switches, air traffic control, etc, as well as policies, such as how to finance the system (for example, the use of tolls or gasoline taxes). Broadly speaking, the design of networks are the domain of civil engineering and urban planning, the design of vehicles of mechanical engineering and specialized subfields such as nautical engineering and aerospace engineering, and the operations are usually specialized, though might appropriately belong to operations research or systems engineering.

Modes of transport

Modes are combinations of networks, vehicles, and operations, and include walking, the road transport system, rail transport, ship transport and modern aviation.

Transport and communications

Transport and communication are both substitutes and complements. Though it might be possible that sufficiently advanced communication could substitute for transport, one could telegraph, telephone, fax, or email a customer rather than visiting them in person, it has been found that those modes of communication in fact generate more total interactions, including interpersonal interactions. The growth in transport would be impossible without communication, which is vital for advanced transportation systems, from railroads which want to run trains in two directions on a single track, to air traffic control which requires knowing the location of aircraft in the sky. Thus, it has been found that the increase of one generally leads to more of the other.

Transport and land use

There is a well-known relationship between the density of development, and types of transportation. Intensity of development is often measured by area of Floor Area Ratio (FAR), the ratio of useable floorspace to area of land. As a rule of thumb, FARs of 1.5 or less are well suited to automobiles, those of six and above are well suited to trains. The range of densities from about two up to about four is not well served by conventional public or private transport. Many cities have grown into these densities, and are suffering traffic problems. Personal rapid transit could provide a solution to this problem. Land uses support activities. Those activities are spatially separated. People need transport to go from one to the other (from home to work to shop back to home for instance). Transport is a "derived demand," in that transport is unnecessary but for the activities pursued at the ends of trips. Good land use keeps common activities close (e.g. housing and food shopping), and places higher-density development closer to transportation lines and hubs. Poor land use concentrates activities (such as jobs) far from other destinations (such as housing and shopping). There are economies of agglomeration. Beyond transportation some land uses are more efficient when clustered. Transportation facilities consume land, and in cities, pavement (devoted to streets and parking) can easily exceed 20 percent of the total land use. An efficient transport system can reduce land waste.

Transport, energy, and the environment

Transport is a major use of energy, and transport burns most of the world's petroleum. Hydrocarbon fuels produce carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas widely thought to be the chief cause of global climate change, and petroleum-powered engines, especially inefficient ones, create air pollution, including nitrous oxides and particulates (soot). Although vehicles in the United States have been getting cleaner because of environmental regulations, this has been offset by an increase in the number of vehicles and more use of each vehicle. Other environmental impacts of transport systems include traffic congestion, toxic runoff from roads and parking lots that can pollute water supplies and aquatic ecosystems, and automobile-oriented urban sprawl, which can consume natural habitat and agricultural lands. Low-pollution fuels can reduce pollution. Low pollution fuels may have a reduced carbon content, and thereby contribute less in the way of carbon dioxide emissions, and generally have reduced sulfur, since sulfur exhaust is a cause of acid rain. The most popular low-pollution fuel at this time is liquified natural gas. Hydrogen is an even lower-pollution fuel that produces no carbon dioxide, but producing and storing it economically is currently not feasible. Other alternative renewable energy sources such as biodiesel are being researched heavily. Another strategy is to make vehicles more efficient, which reduces pollution and waste by reducing the energy use. Electric vehicles use efficient electric motors, but their range is limited by either the extent of the electric transmission system or by the storage capacity of batteries. Electrified public transport generally uses overhead wires or third rails to transmit electricity to vehicles, and is used for both rail and bus transport. Battery electric vehicles store their electric fuel onboard in a battery pack. Another method is to generate energy using fuel cells, which may eventually be two to five times as efficient as the internal combustion engines currently used in most vehicles. Another effective method is to streamline ground vehicles, which spend up to 75% of their energy on air-resistance, and to reduce their weight. Regenerative braking is possible in all electric vehicles and recaptures the energy normally lost to braking, and is becoming common in rail vehicles. In internal combustion automobiles and buses, regenerative braking is not possible, unless electric vehicle components are also a part of the powertrain, these are called hybrid electric vehicles. Shifting travel from automobiles to well-utilized public transport can reduce energy consumption and traffic congestion. Use of non-motorized modes walking and bicycling also reduces the consumption of fossil fuels. However, as most areas get wealthier, the use of these modes declines. There are a few wealthy cities where bicycling comprises a significant share of trips, including Copenhagen, Denmark and Groningen, Netherlands. A number of other cities, including London, Paris, New York, Bogotá, Chicago, and San Francisco, are creating networks of bicycle lanes and bicycle paths to encourage bicycling by increasing safety from traffic.

Transport Research

Transport research facilities are mainly attached to universities or are steered by the state. In most countries (not in France and Spain) one can see now how laboratories are brought into PPP-operation, where industry takes over part of the share. Some major players in Europe:
- Transport Research Laboratory [http://www.trl.co.uk/ TRL UK]
- [http://www.vtt.fi/transport/ VTT FI]
- [http://www.lcpc.fr LCPC FR]
- [http://www.inrets.fr INRETS FR]
- [http://www.certu.fr CERTU FR]
- [http://www.dlr.de/dlr/Verkehr DLR DE]
- [http://www.crf.it CRF IT]
- [http://www.vv.tno.nl TNO NL]
- [http://www.cedex.es/ CEDEX ES]
- [http://www.cemt.org/jtrc/ Joint OECD-ECMT Transport Research Centre]
- [http://www.cemt.org/index.htm European Conference of Ministers of Transport] USA:
- http://www.its.berkeley.edu Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Berkeley
- National Transportation Research Center
- [http://www.trb.org/ Transportation Research Board] The European Commission supports the co-operation and collaboration amongst the transport laboratories by funding projects like EXTR@Web and [http://www.intransnet.org Intransnet]. Especially the transition from planned economy to achieving a stable position on the market will be a challenge for laboratories in the new member states. Another EU-project [http://www.etra.cc etra.cc]is coping with those problems.

Boeing 707

in 1964]] The Boeing 707 is a four engined commercial passenger jet aircraft developed by Boeing in the early 1950s. Although it was not the first commercial jet airliner in service (that distinction belongs to the De Havilland Comet), it was the first to be commercially successful, and is credited by many as ushering in the Jet Age, as well as being the first of Boeing's 7x7 range of airliners.

History

The 707 was based on a prototype Boeing aircraft known as the Boeing 367-80. The "Dash 80", as it was called within Boeing, cost $16 million to develop and took less than two years from project launch in 1952 to rollout on May 14, 1954. The prototype was the basis for both the KC-135, an air tanker used by the United States Air Force, and the 707. To enable the fitting of six-abreast seats, the 707's fuselage was widened by 6 inches (150 mm) compared to the original 367-80. Pan Am was the first airline to operate the 707; the aircraft's first commercial flight was from New York to Paris on October 26, 1958. American Airlines operated the first transcontinental 707 flight on January 25, 1959. Many other airlines followed, and the 707 quickly became the most popular jetliner of its time, edging out its main competitor, the Douglas DC-8. As the 1960s drew to a close, the exponential growth in air travel led to the 707 being a victim of its own success. It had become obvious that the 707 was now too small to handle the passenger densities on the routes for which it was designed. Stretching the fuselage was not a viable option because the 707's limited ground clearance made the installation of a larger undercarriage almost impossible. Boeing's answer to the problem was the first twin aisle airliner - the 747. The 707's first-generation engine technology was also rapidly becoming obsolete in the areas of noise and fuel economy. Production of the passenger 707 ended in 1978 (the 767 acted as its partial replacement). In total, 1,010 707s were built for civil use. The military versions remained in production until 1991. Traces of the 707 are still in many of Boeing's current products, most notably the 737, which uses a modified version of the 707's fuselage. In fact, if the 707 were still in production it would have probably evolved into what is now the 737-900, which is arguably a modernized 707 with two Turbofan high bypass ratio engines replacing the original four Turbojet noisy engines. The Chinese government sponsored development of the Shanghai Y-10 during the 1970s, which was a near carbon-copy of the 707.

Subtypes

Shanghai Y-10 The original 707, the 707-120 was designed for transcontinental routes and often required a refuelling stop when used on the North Atlantic route. It was originally fitted with four Pratt and Whitney JT3C turbojets, civilian versions of the military J57 model. The later Model 707-120B version used JT3D turbofans, which were quieter, more powerful, and more fuel efficient. The 707-220 (also designated 707-227) was a 707-120 airframe fitted with more powerful JT4A turbojets, for hot and high operations on Braniff International's South American routes. Only 5 of these were built, due to extremely high fuel consumption. This marque was anyway rendered redundant by the arrival of the turbofan. The later 707-320 Intercontinental and 707-420 Intercontinental models had larger wings, heavier weight and more fuel capacity to operate as true transoceanic aircraft. The original -320 version came equipped with JT4A turbojets, while the 707-320B Intercontinental version came with JT3D turbofans. The 707-320C Convertible, also turbofan-engined, had a large cargo door allowing it to serve as a dual-purpose transport aircraft; a pure 707-320C Freighter was also built. The 707-420 version, produced originally for BOAC, was powered by Rolls-Royce Conway engines. The 707-320 freighter was used by USAF and was given the designation C-18. The 707-700 was a one off test aircraft used to study the feasibility of using CFM International CFM56 powerplants on a 707 airframe and possibly retrofitting them to existing aircraft. After a testing in 1979 N707QT, the last commercial 707 airframe, was refitted to 707-320C configuration and delivered to the Moroccan Air Force as a tanker aircraft. (This purchase was considered a "civilian" order and not a military one.) Boeing abandoned the program, since they felt it would be a threat to the Boeing 757 programme. The information gathered in the test led to the eventual retrofitting programme of CFM-56 engines to the USAF C-135/KC-135R models. Ironically the Douglas DC-8 "Super 70" series by Cammacorp did develop commercially, extending the life of DC-8 airframes in a stricter noise regulatory environment so there are today more DC-8s in commercial service than 707s. The Boeing 720, originally designated 707-020 but later changed for marketing reasons, was a modification of the 707-120 designed for medium-range operation from shorter runways. It was lighter and faster than the Boeing 707, and had a simplified wing design. This model had relatively few sales, but was still profitable due to the minimal R&D costs associated with modifying an existing type. At one point in the promotion stage to airlines it was known as the 717. It was used before the Boeing 727 replaced it in the market.

Operators

Douglas DC-8] Although 707s are no longer employed by major US airlines, many can still be found in service with smaller non-US airlines, charter services and air cargo operations. The first two aircraft built to serve as Air Force One were custom-built Boeing 707s, with designation VC-137; these were also used by high-ranking federal officials on official trips. Many other countries use the 707 as a VIP transport, including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, the Republic of Congo, Egypt, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Libya, Morocco, Pakistan, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and Venezuela. The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) operated a number of 707s that were specially modified for VIP use before replacing them with modified 737 BBJs. The U.S. and other NATO-aligned countries, as well as South Africa and Israel, have used the 707 platform for aerial refueling (KC-135) and AWACS (E-3 Sentry), although many of these aircraft are now being phased out. The Royal Australian Air force (RAAF) operates 707s as refuellers for Australia's F/A-18 Hornets; these are soon to be replaced by Airbus A330 MRTTs. The 707 is also the platform for the United States Air Force (USAF)'s Joint STARS project, and the United States Navy's E-6 Mercury. USAF acquired around 250 used 707s to provide parts for the KC-135E Stratotanker program.[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/kc-135e.htm] This is the major reason so few 707s are in service as compared to Douglas DC-8s.

Trivia

American actor John Travolta owns, and is qualified to fly, an ex-Qantas 707-138, registration [http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNumSQL.asp?NNumbertxt=707JT N707JT]. On August 6th, 1955, Boeing test pilot Tex Johnston twice performed a "Barrel roll" in the Dash-80 at 500 feet, gaining altitude to 1500 feet during the roll. This story appears on a video called 'Frontiers of Flight - The Jet Airliner', produced by the National Air and Space Museum in association with the Smithsonian Institution in 1992. The roll can be viewed on video at [http://www.aviationexplorer.com/707_roll_video.htm AviationExplorer.com]. To date Johnston is the only pilot to have performed this in a four engine jet transport (of course, other big four engine jet aircraft have done barrel rolls. The Avro Vulcan XA890 was rolled by Roly Falk on the first day of the '55 Farnborough Airshow, but it was a subsonic bomber). See also: List of Boeing 707 operators See also: model 707-349C in 1970´s Airport (film)
Specifications

General characteristics

Related content
Category:U.S. airliners 1950-1959 ms:Boeing 707 ja:ボーイング707

Douglas DC-3

The Douglas DC-3 is a fixed-wing, propeller-driven aircraft which revolutionised air transport in the 1930s and 1940s, and is generally regarded as one of the most significant transport aircraft ever made (also see Boeing 707 and Boeing 747). Boeing 747

History

The DC-3 was engineered by a team led by chief engineer Arthur E. Raymond and first flew on December 17,1935 (the 32nd. anniversary of the Wright Brothers flight at Kitty Hawk). The plane was the result of a marathon phone call from American Airlines CEO C.R. Smith demanding improvements in the design of the DC-2. The amenities of the DC-3 (including sleeping berths on early models and an in-flight kitchen) popularized air travel in the United States. With just one refuelling stop, transcontinental flights across America became possible. Before the DC-3, such a trip would entail short hops in commuter aircraft during the day coupled with train travel overnight. United States Early American airlines like United, American, TWA, and Eastern ordered over 400 DC-3s. These fleets paved the way for the modern American air travel industry, quickly replacing trains as the favored means of long-distance travel across the United States. During World War II, many civilian DC-3s were drafted for the war effort and thousands of military versions of the DC-3 were built under the designations C-47, C-53, R4D, and Dakota. The armed forces of many countries used the DC-3 and its military variants for the transport of troops, cargo and wounded. Over 10,000 aircraft were produced (some as unlicensed copies in Japan as Showa L2D, and as licensed copies in the USSR as Lisunov Li-2). After the war, thousands of surplus C-47s were converted to civil service, and became the standard equipment of almost all the world's airlines, remaining in front-line service for many years. The ready availability of ex-military examples of this cheap, easily maintained aircraft (it was both large and fast by the standards of the day) jump-started the worldwide post-war air transport industry. Douglas had developed an improved version with a greater cargo capacity and a different wing which it attempted to sell during this time frame, but with all these surplus aircraft, the Super DC-3 did not sell. Numerous attempts were made to design a "DC-3 replacement" over the next three decades (including the very successful Fokker Friendship) but no single type could match the versatility, rugged reliability, and economy of the DC-3, and it remained a significant part of air transport systems well into the 1970s. Even today, almost 70 years after the DC-3 first flew, there are still small operators with DC-3s in revenue service. The common saying among aviation buffs and pilots is that "The only replacement for a DC-3 is another DC-3." A Swedish DC-3 was shot down over the Baltic Sea in June 1952; see the Catalina affair.

Production

10,655 DC-3s were built at Santa Monica, California and Long Beach, California in both civil and military versions. 2000 or so were built in Russia under license as the Lisunov Li-2. 485 built in Japan as the L2D Type 0 transport. More than 400 remained in commercial service in 1998. A wide variety of engines was fitted to the DC-3 throughout the course of production. The most popular was the Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Double Wasp radial, but Wright R-1820 Cyclone, and Pratt & Whitney R-2000 radials saw use. Some DC-3s were upgraded to use Rolls-Royce Dart or Armstrong Siddeley Mamba turbines. The Basler BT-67 is a derivative type of the DC-3. Basler re-manufactures DC-3's, fitting them with PT-6 turbo-prop engines, lengthening the fuselage by over 3 feet and strengthening the airframes in selected areas.

Specifications

turbines 1946, VH-AES made the first scheduled flight for TAA, from Melbourne to Sydney.]]

General characteristics (DC-3C)

Sydney (VORs & NDBs) along federal airways.]]
- Crew: 2
- Capacity: 21 to 32 passengers
- Length: 64 ft 5 in (19.65 m)
- Wingspan: 95 ft (28.96 m)
- Height: 16 ft 11 in (5.16 m)
- Wing area: 987 ft² (91.70 m²)
- Empty: 18,300 lb (8,300 kg)
- Loaded: 25,200 lb (11,400 kg)
- Maximum takeoff: 28,000 lb (12,700 kg)
- Powerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney Twin Wasp S1C3G 14-cylinder radials with 1,200 hp (895 kW) each
- Propeller: 7149-A, Hamilton Standard propeller blades (3)
- Hubs: Hydromatic 23-E50 hydraulic hubs

Performance

- Maximum speed: 237 mph (381 km/h)
- Cruising speed: 170 mph (274 km/h)
- Range: 1,025 miles (1,650 km)
- Service ceiling: 24,000 ft (7,315 m)
- Rate of climb: 1,130 ft/min (344 m/min) initial
- Wing loading: 25.5 lb/ft² (124.7 kg/m²)
- Power loading: 10.5 lbs/hp (6.37 kg/kW)

Reference

- Francillon, René (1979). McDonnell Douglas Aircraft Since 1920: Volume I. London: Putnam. ISBN 0-87021-428-4
- Yenne, Bill (1985). McDonnell Douglas: A Tale of Two Giants. Greenwich, CT: Bison Books. ISBN 0-517-442876
- Pearcy, Arthur (1995). Douglas Propliners: DC-1 - DC-7. Shrewsbury: Airlife Publishing. ISBN 1-85310-261X

Turboprop

A Turboprop (Turbo-propeller) or turboshaft engine is a type of gas turbine. It differs from a Turbojet in that the design is optimized to produce rotating shaft power to drive a propeller, instead of thrust from the exhaust gas. Basically, a turbojet consists of an intake, compressor, combustor, turbine and a propelling nozzle. Air drawn into the intake is compressed by the compressor. Fuel is burnt with the compressed air in the combustor. The hot combustion gases expand through the turbine, to provide power to the compressor. Further expansion of the gases occurs in the propelling nozzle; the high velocity jet produced providing forward thrust. In a turboprop much of the jet thrust is sacrificed in favor of shaftpower, which is obtained by extracting additional power (to that necessary to drive the compressor) from the turbine expansion process. Whilst the power turbine may be integral with the compressor turbine, most turboprops today feature a Free Power Turbine, on a separate coaxial shaft. This enables the propeller to rotate freely, independent of compressor speed. Owing to the additional expansion in the turbine system, the residual energy in the jet is fairly low (<10% of total thrust, including that of the propeller). Because the propeller is very much larger in diameter than the power turbine, the tip speed of the propeller can become supersonic. Consequently, to prevent this, a speed reduction gearbox is inserted between the power turbine and propeller shafts. The gearbox is part of the engine, whereas in a turboshaft the (helicopter) rotor reduction gearbox is remote from the engine. Turboprops are very efficient at modest flight speeds (below 450mph), because the jet velocity of the propeller (and exhaust) is relatively low. Consequently, small commuter aircraft and military transports tend to feature turboprop engines. Although turboprops are used in some General Aviation applications, their high price deters more widespread acceptance. While most modern turbojet and turbofan engines use axial-flow compressors, turboprop engines usually contain at least one stage of centrifugal compression, because of the small size of the engines. centrifugal compression Propellers lose efficiency as aircraft speed increases, which is why turboprops are not used on higher-speed aircraft. However, turboprops are far more efficient than piston-driven propeller engines. The worlds first Turboprop was the 'Jendrassik CS-1' designed by Gyorgy Jendrassik. It was produced and flown briefly in Czecho-Slovakia between 1939 and 1942. The aircraft it was fitted to was the Varga XG/XH twin-engined Recconaisance bomber. Not surprisingly the engines proved very unreliable. For more info. visit "Podklady", a Czech Aircraft drawing site (Czech text). Jendrassik had also produced a small scale turboprop of 75 kW in 1937. (Added By Peter Butt 03/12/05) The first British turboprop engine was the Rolls-Royce RB.50 Trent, a converted Derwent II fitted with reduction gear and a Rotol 7' 11" five-bladed propeller. Two Trents were fitted to Gloster Meteor EE227 - the sole "Trent-Meteor" - which became the first relataively reliable turboprop powered aircraft. From their experience with the Trent, Rolls-Royce developed the Dart, which became one of the most reliable turbprop engines ever built. Dart production continued for more than fifty years. For info on Trent go to Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust) The first American Turboprop was the General-Electric T-31. A European consortium is currently developing the 11000shp TP400-D6 turboprop for the A400M military transport. The engine is all-axial and has a two shaft core, with a free power turbine mounted on a third coaxial shaft. Residual thrust on a turboshaft is avoided by: a) further expansion in the turbine system and/or b) truncating and turning the exhaust through 90degrees, to produce two opposing jets. Apart from the above and the remote location of the gearbox, there is very little difference between a turboprop and a turboshaft.

External links

- [http://Innodyn.com Innodyn]
- [http://tanks45.tripod.com/Jets45/Histories/Trent/Trent.htm Gloster Trent-Meteor] Category:Gas turbines Category:Aircraft engines Category:Jet engines

Fokker Friendship

The Fokker F27 Friendship is a turboprop airliner designed and built by the Dutch aircraft manufacturer Fokker. With 786 units built (including 206 in the USA by Fairchild) it is the most successful turboprop airliner of all time. Design of the aircraft started in the 1950s as a DC-3 replacement. A number of different configurations were considered before the final decision on a high wing twin Rolls-Royce Dart engines with a pressurised cabin for 28 passengers. The first prototype, PH-NIV first flew on 24 November 1955. The second prototype and initial production machines were 3 ft (0.9 m) longer, a correction to the first aircraft being a little tail heavy and also allowing more passengers and the more powerful Dart Mk 528 engine. In 1956 Fokker signed a deal with Fairchild for the latter to construct the aircraft in the USA. The first U.S. built aircraft flew on 12 April 1958. The first production model the -100 seated 44 passengers, with initial deliveries to Aer Lingus in September 1958. Dart mk532 was the next engine being used leading to the -200. The most ubiquitous model the -500 had a 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) longer fuselage, a return to the Dart528 and accommodation for 52 passengers. It first flew in November 1967. In 1985 two Fokker F27 Troopships were leased by the US Army parachute team, the Golden Knights. Subsequently two aircraft were purchased and designated C-31A Troopship. The aircraft were used both to transport the team to airshows and also as their jumping platform. Other versions include:
- F27-100 - the first production model.
- F27-200 -
- F27-300 Combiplane - Civil passenger/cargo aircraft.
- F27-300M Troopship - Military transport version for Royal Netherlands Air Force.
- F27-400 - "Combi" passenger/cargo aircraft, with two Rolls-Royce Dart 7 turboprop engines and large cargo door.
- F27-400M - Military version.
- F27-500 - Cargo/passenger version, with a large cargo door and lengthened fuselage.
- F27-500M - Military version.
- F27-500F - A version of the -500 for Australia with smaller front and rear doors.
- F27-600 - Cargo version of -200.
- F27-700 - A F27-100 with a large cargo door.
- F27 Maritime - Unarmed maritime reconnaissance version.
- F27 Maritime Enforcer - Armed maritime reconnaissance version.
- FH227 - Fairchild-Hiller stretched version. In the early 1980s, a successor to the Friendship, the Fokker F50 was designed.

Specifications

For F27-200: :Length: 77 ft 2 in (23.5 m) :Span: 95 ft 2 in (29.0 m) :Wing area: 753 ft² (70.0 m²) :Max takeoff weight: 42,000 lb (19,050 kg) :Max Cruising speed: 300 mph (483 km/h) :Range: 912 miles (1,468 km) :Service ceiling: 32,600 ft (9900 m) :Engines: 2x Rolls-Royce Dart Mk528 turboprops For F27-400M (US Military Designation C-31A Troopship): :Wingspan: 95 ft (29.0 m) :Wing area: 753 ft² (70.0 m²) :Length: 77 ft (23.5 m) :Height: 28 ft (8.5 m) :Max takeoff wt: 45,000 lb (20,400 kg) :Engines: 2 x Rolls-Royce Dart 7 Turboprops :Speed: 300 mph (480 km/h) :Range: 1,500 mi (2,400 km) :Ceiling: 25,000 ft (7,600 m) :Max payload: 12,000 lb (5,440 kg) :Crew: 3 :Capacity: 50 paratroopers or 56 infantry troops, or 24 litters

Ordering airlines

Amongst airlines who placed orders and received aircraft as new:
- Aer Lingus
- Air Congo
- Air France
- Air Inter
- Air New South Wales
- All Nippon Airways
- East African Airways
- East-West Airlines (Australia)
- Garuda Indonesia
- Iberia Airlines
- Korean Airlines
- Luxair
- Malaysia-Singapore Airlines
- Nigeria Airways
- NZNAC
- Pakistan International Airlines
- Philippine Airlines
- Sudan Airways
- THY (Turkish Airlines)
- Trans Australia Airlines
- Union of Burma Airways

Current operators

Amongst current operators are the following:
- Aerocaribe (Mexico)
- Air Algérie
- Argentine Air Force
- Bolivian Air Force
- CATA Línea Aérea (Argentina)
- Cubana de Aviación
- Farnair Hungary
- FedEx
- Finnish Air Force
- Ghana Air Force
- Indonesian Air Force
- Iranian Air Force
- Libyan Arab Airlines
- Lloyd Aereo Boliviano (Bolivia)
- Merpati Nusantara Airlines (Indonesia)
- Myanma Airways
- NEPC Airlines (India)
- Pakistan International Airlines
- Pakistan Navy
- Philippine Air Force
- Senegambia Air Force
- Spanish Air Force
- TAAG Air Angola
- WDL Aviation (Germany)
- US Army Parachute Team, the Golden Knights (C-31A Troopship)

Past operators

Amongst past operators are the following:
- Air New Zealand
- The Dutch Royal Flight
- Channel Express (UK)
- The Royal New Zealand Air Force
- TAM Linhas Aéreas

External links

- [http://www.fokker.com/ Fokker]
- [http://www.fokkerf27.nl/en/index_en.html F27 Friendship Association] - F27 enthusiast organisation, with [http://www.fokkerf27.nl/pbook/pbook.php?language=NL&gallery_name=%5B30%5D_F27_per_cn Photo Gallery] (in Dutch and English)
- [http://www.airwaysmuseum.com/F27%20PH-FAY%20-%20VH-CAV.htm External museum photo]
- [http://www.griffinaerospace.com/Images2/Fokker%20F27.jpg Photo of model]
- [http://library.thinkquest.org/~C002752/fokker.cgi?page=home Fokker, a living history] Category:Dutch airliners 1950-1959 Category:Fokker

United Parcel Service

United Parcel Service, Inc. (UPS) is the world's largest package delivery company, delivering over 14 million packages a day to over 200 countries around the world. It has recently expanded its operations to include logistics and other transportation-related areas. It is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. UPS is well-known for its brown trucks, also known as package cars (hence the company nickname "Big Brown"). The brown color that UPS uses on its vehicles and uniforms is called Pullman brown, after the railroad sleeper cars created by George Pullman, which used the same color. UPS also operates its own airline . Major competitors include United States Postal Service (USPS), FedEx, and DHL. Historically, UPS only faced competition from USPS for the inexpensive ground based delivery market. However, FedEx recently expanded into the ground market by acquiring RPS (originally Roadway Package System) and rebranded it as FedEx Ground. In addition, DHL acquired Airborne Express. This acquisition significantly increases DHL's presence in the U.S. which will add more competition to the ground delivery market. Over the past two decades, UPS has aggressively erected a massive international transportation network, which is interconnected by one of the largest technological infrastructures in commercial history. In the process, it has dramatically expanded its portfolio of services into logistics and supply chain offerings. For example, UPS today offers not only ground and air transportation, but ocean, rail and over-the-road freight products; international trade management; customs brokerage; consulting and supply chain design; e-commerce solutions; logistics and distribution capabilities, and a variety of financial services related to the supply chain. UPS Supply Chain Solutions synchronizes the flow of goods, funds, and information for their customers. UPS Supply Chain Solutions provides service to Global 500 and growing companies alike with flexibility of modes and scheduling, scalability of design and resources and worldwide reach.

Other codes

- AAR reporting marks: UPOZ, UPSZ, UPWZ

Company History

reporting mark.]] A detailed timeline for UPS is shown below.

Just starting out -- the 1900s

1907 – James E. Casey and Claude Ryan establish American Messenger Company in Seattle, Washington on August 28. 1908 – American Messenger Company moves the business from 2nd Avenue and Main Street to 115 Marion Street, Seattle. 1909 – American Messenger Company moves to 123 Marion Street, Seattle. 1911 – George Casey joins American Messenger Company. 1913 – American Messenger Company merges with McCabe’s Motorcycle Messengers and the name changes to Merchants Parcel Delivery. Merchants Parcel Delivery moves the office to 217 Union Street in Seattle. Merchants Parcel Delivery purchases its first Ford Model T. 1916 – Merchants Parcel Delivery moves to 1326 1st Avenue. 1917 – Charlie Soderstrom joins Merchants Parcel Delivery bringing a delivery fleet of his own. Claude Ryan, Jim Casey’s original partner in American Messenger Company, leaves Merchants Parcel Delivery to pursue other opportunities. 1918 – Three of Seattle’s largest department stores – The Bon Marché, The Rhodes Company, and Fraser-Paterson Company – turn over deliveries to Merchants Parcel Delivery. Merchants Parcel Delivery moves to 95 University Street, Seattle. 1919 – Service expands to Oakland and the company begins using the name United Parcel Service. The main office moves to 85 University Street, Seattle.

The Roaring '20s

1922 – Service begins in Los Angeles and the first common carrier operations begin in southern California. UPS moves the corporate office to 420 West 11th Street in Los Angeles. 1924 – The Big Idea employee publication begins and Los Angeles installs the first conveyor belt. UPS begins the first feeder runs from Los Angeles to Long Beach. 1925 – Service begins in San Francisco and drivers begin wearing a standardized uniform. A branch of Red Arrow Messenger Corporation, a UPS subsidiary, opens in Los Angeles and Pasadena. 1926 – UPS wins the right to extend service in Los Angeles to cover Orange County, Foothill, and Valley Boulevard points, and the San Fernando Valley. 1927 – Service begins in Portland, OR and San Diego. Longtime employees of good standing are given the option of purchasing UPS stock. 1928 – UPS awards the first five year Safe Driving award to package car driver Raymond McCue. Two new plants open in Los Angeles. 1929 – UPS publishes the first Policy Book. United Air Express begins.

East Coast Bound -- the '30s

1930 – UPS makes its first expansion to the East Coast in metropolitan New York City. UPS moves the corporate office to 331 East 38th Street, New York City. UPS forms United Parcel Service of America, Inc., a Delaware corporation. 1931 – UPS discontinues United Air Express service due to the Depression. 1934 – Service begins in Cincinnati, OH. A new edition of The Manual of Instructions for Drivers and Helpers is distributed. The first East Coast branch of Red Arrow Messenger Corporation opens in New York City. 1938 – UPS operations begin in Milwaukee, WI and Philadelphia, PA.

UPS during World War II -- the '40s

1940 – Service begins in Chicago, IL. 1941 – The first annual Plant Managers Meeting – now known as Management Conference – is held in New York City. 1943 – Package car driver, Mazie Lanham – the first “Brown Bettie” driver – begins delivering packages in southern California. 1944 – Service begins in Detroit, MI. 1945 – UPS revives the Holiday Turkey program; due to shortages, 1936 had been the last time that UPS had given the turkeys out. 1946 – Service begins in Minneapolis, MN. 1947 – UPS opens two new buildings and creates two new stations in Los Angeles. These new locations also begin using a new sorting system.

Introducing Common Carrier Service -- the '50s

1950 – Service begins in Pittsburgh, PA. 1951 – UPS establishes The 1907 Foundation – now called The UPS Foundation. UPS introduces a new uniform hat badge; the new design displays the UPS shield as well as the number of the driver’s safe driving years. 1953 – UPS begins common carrier service between Los Angeles and San Francisco. UPS reintroduces air service between West and East Coast cities. 1954 – Service begins in Cleveland, OH. 1955 – UPS begins operations in St. Paul, MN, by handling the deliveries of the city’s five largest department stores. The Management Incentive Program begins. 1956 – Service begins in Boston, MA. UPS introduces Long Distance air service; it has a longer delivery time (4-5 days) and less expensive rates than UPS-Air two day service. 1957 – Retail service begins in Miami, FL. UPS installs the first carousel sort in the Olympic Boulevard Hub (CA). 1959 – UPS changes the name of UPS-Air (two day air service) to Blue Label Air.

UPS calls New York City home -- the '60s

1961 – UPS creates the UPS Thrift Plan. UPS changes the name of Long Distance air service to Brown Label service. Familiar shield logo designed by Paul Rand introduced. 1962 – The first Driver Training School opens in South Holland, IL. UPS holds the first Supervisor Basic Training School classes. UPS moves the corporate office to 643 West 43rd Street, New York City. Founder and CEO, Jim Casey, transfers the responsibilities of Chairman of the Board and CEO to George D. Smith. 1964 – UPS awards the first James E. Casey Scholarships. 1966 – UPS begins interstate service in Georgia. 1967 – UPS launches the Urban Internship Program. UPS initiates the Safety Signal program. The service time for Blue Label Air shortens to a maximum of two days. 1968 – UPS links the East and Midwest regions by interstate service operations.

The "Golden Link" and UPS International operations -- the '70s

1970 – UPS begins operations to the Dallas/Fort Worth area of Texas. UPS adds the Acknowledgement of Delivery (AOD) to the Features of Service. 1971 – The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) grants operating rights in a nine-state area (Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Texas). Blue Label Air Service expands to include 31 complete states. Seattle becomes gateway city for Blue Label Air Service. UPS files application with the ICC for operating rights in the 48-contiguous states. 1972 – Retail operations begin in St. Louis, MO. UPS installs a High Volume Direct Output System (Cloverleaf Sort) in the Des Moines, IA Hub. UPS begins intrastate delivery in Nebraska. UPS CEO, George Smith, passes away at the age of 74. 1973 – UPS adopts Service Awareness as a continuing concern. The first national sales campaign begins. UPS adds Boston, Philadelphia, and Orlando as gateway cities for Blue Label Air Service. UPS adopts the continuing Energy Conservation Program to meet problems of fuel availability and costs. 1974 – UPS files application with the ICC for temporary operating authority in the 48-contiguous states. UPS adds Cleveland, Detroit, and Portland, OR as gateway cities for Blue Label Air Service. UPS acquires UPS, Ltd, a Canadian delivery company which gives access to the Province of Ontario. UPS introduces the experimental voice encoder in the Baltimore Hub Secondary Sort. UPS introduces Fast, Accurate Statistics Transmission (F.A.S.T.) to transmit interdistrict customer inquiries and tracers via telephone equipment. UPS launches the No-lift Sort System in the San Diego Hub. 1975 – UPS begins service in Canada. The corporate office relocates to Greenwich, CT, from New York City. Operations begin in Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Utah, and connects with the 48-contiguous states. Dallas/Fort Worth and Houston areas are added to the Blue Label Air network. Overland service begins between the West Coast and 27 states in the East and Northeast regions - forging the "Golden Link." The linkup makes use of railroads, which carry trailers containing UPS packages on flatcars (TOFC). 1976 – Service begins to and from the 48 contiguous states and the island of Oahu, HI. UPS forms a new operating region – the East Central and 11 new districts resulting from splits and realignments of existing operating areas. UPS begins service in West Germany. UPS installs a voice encoder with broadcast capability in Baldwin Park, CA and Omaha. 1978 – Service begins to all points in Nevada, which makes 46 of the 48 contiguous states part of UPS’s intrastate common carrier service. 1979 – Martrac becomes a subsidiary of UPS.

UPS expands throughout the world -- the '80s

1980 – Blue Label Air expands to service all 48-contiguous United States. The ICC approves the petition to remove the 100 pound weight restriction on packages. UPS receives ICC authorization to serve retailers on an interstate basis in common carrier operations in the United States. UPS establishes intraprovince common carrier ground service in the full province of Ontario, Canada. UPS begins the Challenges of the ‘80s meetings – a companywide communications program. 1981 – UPS makes modifications and additions to the operating center located at Standiford Field, Louisville, KY, and opens it as an exclusive air hub. 1982 – UPS’s 75th Anniversary. UPS launches the operation of UPS Truck Leasing, Inc. UPS changes the name of Blue Label Air to UPS 2nd Day Air. UPS begins UPS Next Day Air service. UPS activates the “ATLAS” telephone system. The Northwest Region splits from the Pacific Region. Former CEO, Harold Oberkotter, passes away at the age of 72. 1983 – UPS expands the UPS Next Day Air service to create the country’s most extensive overnight delivery system. UPS begins using a Driver Release form. UPS begins twin trailer operations as allowed by a provision of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act. UPS begins the Merchandise Exchange service for Bell Telephone. UPS founder and CEO, James E. Casey, passes away at the age of 95. UPS raises the weight limit per package from 50 to 70 pounds on all interstate ground and air shipments – excluding hazardous materials. Intrastate service begins in Oklahoma. 1984 – UPS runs its first national television commercials – two commercials are shown on ABC, CBS, and NBC. UPS celebrates its first Founders’ Day. Service expands to include all points in the Hawaiian Islands. 1985 – UPS Next Day Air service becomes the first air delivery network to serve every address in the 48-contiguous states, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. UPS introduces the Next Day Air Letter and Next Day Air Pak. Service expands between the United States and six European countries – Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and West Germany. UPS 2nd Day Air service area extends to include the Anchorage area of Alaska. UPS adopts Electronic Call Tag service nationwide. Urgent Inquiry service begins. The Safety Signal program becomes the Safety Focus program. 1986 – Intrastate service begins in Texas. South Central Region splits from the Southeast and Southwest regions. UPS introduces the Positive Package Tracking System. UPS adopts a new C.O.D. processing system. Service expands in Canada to include the metropolitan areas of Vancouver, British Columbia and Montreal, Quebec. UPS acquires Roadnet and II Morrow technology companies. UPS extends ground delivery service to and from the United States into the Canadian provinces of British Columbia and Quebec. 1987 – UPS extends its delivery network to Japan. The Service Awareness program becomes Service Involvement Keeping Our Reputation for Excellence (KORE) program. UPS services expand to Austria, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland. UPS rolls out Next Day Air Letter centers and Service centers. 1988 – UPS initiates the Next Day Air money-back guarantee. UPS receives authorization from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to operate its own aircraft – officially becoming an airline. UPS expands its Canadian service areas to include Calgary, Edmonton, Regina, Saskatoon, and Winnipeg. UPS expands its services to an additional 19 countries – Andorra, Australia, Brunei, People’s Republic of China, Greece, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Macau, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Portugal, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, and Turkey. UPS develops the UPS Waybill. The Companywide Big Idea is renamed Inside UPS. 1989 – UPS expands international delivery to include more than 180 countries. UPS acquires eight European package delivery companies and adds 757 freighter aircraft to the air fleet.

Corporate Office finds new home in Atlanta -- the '90s

1990 – UPS acquires Seabourne European Express Parcels which gives UPS cross-border capabilities in Europe. UPS forms Unistar Air Cargo, a joint venture, with Yamato Transport, Ltd. of Japan. UPS begins flying its own aircraft to Asia and acquires an all-cargo route between the United States and Mexico. UPS initiates agreements with Rolls-Royce Tay to re-engine its 727-100s and with Boeing for 25 new 757 package freighters. UPS introduces a 10:30 a.m. guarantee for its UPS Next Day Air services. 1991 – UPS introduces Saturday Delivery, Delivery Confirmation, Authorized Return Service, and Worldwide Expedited Package Service. Nationwide deployment begins of the Delivery Information Acquisition Device (DIAD). UPS wins the Computer World Smithsonian Award for the International Shipments Processing Systems (ISPS). UPS acquires Prost Transports, a French package delivery company; and introduces Euro-Expedited Service, a pan-European ground package and freight delivery service. UPS moves the corporate office to temporary space in Atlanta while the new corporate office buildings are built. Moved Corporate Information Services and the UPS mainframe systems from Paramus, NJ to a state of the art facility in Mahwah, NJ. 1992 – UPS completes its European ground delivery network with the acquisition of three European delivery companies; the company now provides intra-country service in every major European market. UPS opens a European Distribution Center in Best, the Netherlands. UPS introduces electronic tracking for all ground shipments between the United States and Canada and begins offering guaranteed next day service from the United States to most addresses in the 10 Canadian provinces. UPS completes its global telecommunications network and introduces GroundTrac service for ground packages in the 48 contiguous states. 1993 – UPS introduces UPS 3 Day Select and Saturday pickup for Next Day Air and 2nd Day Air. UPS implements UPS TotalTrac. UPS activates the first nationwide mobile data service using cellular technology. UPS changes the graphics on its vehicles to include a two-toned globe and the tagline “Worldwide Delivery Service,” and 1-800-PICK-UPS. UPS introduces MaxiCode. 1994 – UPS announces an agreement with the International Olympic Committee to become a worldwide sponsor of the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta. UPS announces that it will open a regional air hub in Columbia, SC. UPS opens business development offices in three gateway cities of China: Beijing, Guangzhou, and Shanghai. UPS moves the corporate office to 55 Glenlake Parkway N.E., Atlanta. 1995 – UPS acquires SonicAir. UPS debuts a new advertising campaign with the tagline – “UPS: Moving at the Speed of Business.” UPS Airlines achieves registration under ISO 9001, a system wide quality assurance certification. UPS Next Day Air Early A.M. expands to guarantee delivery by 8:30 a.m. from virtually all overnight shipping locations in the United States. UPS launches UPS SonicAir Service in the United States and an international 24-hour same-day service also through SonicAir. UPS begins online tracking from UPS.com. UPS announces a new stock purchase program that allows all UPS full-time and part-time (with one year of service) employees to purchase UPS stock. UPS becomes the preferred carrier for JCPenney. UPS announces its corporate support of the 1996 Atlanta Paralympic Games. Boeing delivers the first 767-300 ER Freighter to UPS. 1996 – UPS announces plans to deliver Keiko, a 7,000-pound killer whale, to the Oregon Coast Aquarium. UPS shifts to distance-based pricing for all air services. UPS customers can now request same-day pickup via the World Wide Web. UPS introduces OnLine Tracking Software. UPS begins flying Boeing 747 freighters in CKS International Airport in Taiwan. UPS launches a new portfolio of pan-European services including next-day delivery for domestic and transborder shipments and 8:30 a.m. and 10:30 a.m. guaranteed deliveries. UPS is the first airline to meet U.S. FAA Stage 3 noise regulations. 1997 – UPS begins 2nd Day Air A.M. before noon guarantee and the Next Day Air Saver 3 p.m. guarantee. UPS rolls out UPS Worldwide Express Plus service 2nd business day guaranteed delivery to 150 cities in 14 European countries. UPS introduces express service to and from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. UPS unveils its first Olympic airplane. On August 4, 1997, 185,000 Teamsters union UPS hourly employees walked off the job after contract negotiations stalled. UPS was effectively shut down for 16 days and lost a great deal of business to competitors. This was the first nationwide strike at UPS, although there had been numerous localized strikes in the past. 1998 – UPS launches the Automated Tracking System (ATS), a voice response phone system that enables customers to track packages through 1-800-PICK-UPS. UPS partners with Fliway Express Limited of New Zealand. UPS begins weekly cargo flights to Australia. UPS introduces the first reusable Next Day Air envelope which wins the Paperboard Packaging Council’s 1998 Excellence Award. UPS introduces Guaranteed Ground service for business-to-business packages. UPS Document Exchange expands to global service. UPS begins Around the World Guaranteed and customers can track packages in 16 different languages. UPS announces its sponsorship of the 1999 Special Olympics World Summer Games. UPS establishes UPS de Argentina, S.A. UPS forms UPS Capital and introduces a portfolio of financial products and services. UPS is named “World’s Most Admired” mail, package, and freight delivery company by Fortune magazine for the first time. Former UPS CEO, Paul Oberkotter, passes away at the age of 93. 1999 – UPS adopts a new corporate charter. UPS becomes a public company on November 10, 1999 and its stock begins trading on the New York Stock Exchange. UPS launches e-Logistics to provide integrated, end-to-end supply chain management sources to e-commerce businesses. UPS announces an agreement with its People’s Republic of China partner, Sinotrans, to expand UPS branded operations to 21 cities in China. UPS begins weekly roundtrip flights to San Jose, Costa Rica. All UPS services are now available in the new European currency, the euro. UPS launches UPS SonicAir BestFlight service. UPS introduces Next Day Air service to El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. UPS acquires Trans-Boarder Customs Services. UPS Logistics agrees to acquire Rollins Logistics. UPS Panda Express delivers the panda bears, Lun Lun and Yang Yang, to Zoo Atlanta from China.

UPS wins China -- 2000 and beyond

2000 – UPS is named "Top 10 Brands of the Nineties" by The Total Research Corporation, placing sixth out of 300 popular brands. UPS launches Service Parts Logistics. UPS acquires Challenge Air Cargo, the largest all-cargo airline serving Latin America. UPS Capital Global Trade Finance launches in Asia. UPS increases the "Around the World Flights" between the United States and Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. UPS named "Company of the Year" by Forbes magazine. UPS signs a five-year agreement to become the official express delivery company of NASCAR; then announces sponsorship of the UPS Robert Yates Racing Team #88 Ford Taurus driven by Dale Jarrett. UPS receives the Aerospace Industry Award from Flight International magazine for the development of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B). The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) certifies UPS Aviation Technologies ADS-B equipment for large jet aircraft. UPS Logistics named to manage global distribution for National Semiconductor. UPS significantly expands direct air service to the nation of Thailand. UPS unveils Advanced OnLine Returns solution that simplifies returns over the Internet. UPS launches wireless access to UPS shipping information. UPS employee, Monique Hennagan delivers a gold medal for the United States and UPS in the 4x400 relay at the 27th Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. The U.S. Department of Transportation tentatively awards UPS China air rights. UPS and ON Semiconductor announce an agreement to create and manage a system to ship semiconductor products directly from product origin locations in Asia to customers in the United States and Europe. 2001 – UPS wins the right to fly directly to and from China six days a week. The first UPS China Express flight occurs on April 1. UPS acquires Fritz Companies Inc. and unveils plans to combine global customs brokerage with freight forwarding acquisitions. UPS acquires Mail Boxes Etc., worldwide franchisor of independently owned and operated shipping centers. UPS launches mail strategy for presort services and hybrid mail solutions. UPS acquires First International Bancorp, adding commercial lending to the capabilities of UPS Capital. UPS introduces UPS e-Logistics Available to Promise (ATP) and UPS e-Logistics Order Management System. UPS introduces UPS Expedited Service in Peru. Customers in Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom are able to request a UPS pickup through UPS.com. Former UPS CEO, George Lamb, passes away at the age of 75. 2002 – UPS begins managing the distribution of parts and supplies for IKON Office Solutions. UPS launches its new advertising campaign using the slogan, "What can Brown do for you?" UPS begins operations at its new intra-Asia hub located at Clark International Airport in Pampanga, Philippines. United Way of America awards UPS its most prestigious award – The Spirit of America honor – making this the second time UPS has won this award. UPS announces it will construct a new regional air hub at Vancouver International Airport. UPS introduces UPS CampusShip. UPS launches UPS Supply Chain Solutions, a streamlined organization that combines the sales, marketing, finance, and technology resources for its supply chain subsidiaries. UPS and the International Brotherhood of Teamsters agree on a new, six-year labor contract. BestJobsUSA.com ranks UPS number 12 on its annual Employer of Choice 500 survey. UPS is named to the list of CIO-100 award winners for innovations in technology and process integration. UPS launches UPS Trade Direct Ocean, a new freight option for shippers who manufacture goods in China and Brazil. UPS opens Worldport™, its global all-points air facility in Louisville. The UPS Foundation awards nearly $3 million to high-impact organizations as part of its Region/District Grant Program. UPS opens a new, state-of-the-art, automated package distribution hub in Maple Grove, MN. UPS completes the expansion of its international air hub in Ontario, CA. UPS extends its small business solutions with the launch of the UPS Capital Visa Business card. UPS deploys 10 environmentally-friendly, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) tractors to travel the route between California and Nevada. 2003 – UPS introduces UPS World Ease. UPS Ocean Freight Services receives certification from the United States Customs Service to submit advance cargo manifest information via the Automated Manifest System (AMS). UPS rolls out re-branding program to Mail Boxes Etc. franchisees converting them to The UPS Store™. UPS is named "America’s Most Admired" company in its industry for the 20th year in a row by FORTUNE magazine. UPS launches direct air service between Hong Kong and its intra-Asia hub in the Philippines. The FAA certifies UPS’s new cockpit display system for heavy jets that combines the advantages of emerging ADS-B technology with the existing Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System. UPS is the top giver to United Way for the third year in a row. UPS CEO Mike Eskew is appointed to the U.S. President’s Export Council. On March 25, UPS launches a redesigned brand and introduces a new logo. BusinessWeek magazine names UPS to the magazine’s BusinessWeek 50 in its first year of eligibility. UPS unveils the DIAD IV, a new generation of wireless, handheld computer for its service providers. UPS receives the inaugural American Business Award for "Most Innovative Company" for the technological advancements of Worldport. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), DaimlerChrysler, and UPS announce a collaborative project in which UPS will operate package delivery vehicles powered by hydrogen fuel cells. Computerworld magazine ranks UPS number 20 on the 2003 list of "Best Places to Work in IT." UPS ranks among the "50 Best Companies for Minorities" for the fifth consecutive year in the survey published by FORTUNE magazine. UPS showcases The UPS Store on the #88 UPS Ford Taurus for the Georgia 500 at Atlanta Motor Speedway.

Chief executives

- 1907–1962 James E. Casey
- 1962–1972 George D. Smith
- 1972–1973 Paul Oberkotter
- 1973–1980 Harold Oberkotter
- 1980–1984 George Lamb
- 1984–1990 John W. Rogers
- 1990–1997 Kent C. "Oz" Nelson
- 1997–2001 James P. "Jim" Kelly
- 2002–Present Mike Eskew

System design

Mike Eskew UPS's Parcel Network is based on a hub and spoke model. UPS operates centers which feed parcels to hubs where parcels are sorted and forwarded to their destinations. Centers typically are the point of entry for parcels and send the parcels to one or more hubs. A hub is a location where many centers send packages to be sorted and sent back out to other centers or hubs. For example, a parcel being shipped from Wilmington, NC would be picked up by a driver and taken to the 23rd street center, where it would be loaded on a trailer that is sent to Raleigh, NC. At Raleigh, this package joins packages from all over the state, and is forwarded to the next point along its way — let's say CACH (Chicago Area Consolidation Hub), in Hodgkins, IL. Once the package is at CACH, it would be sorted and forwarded possibly to another hub and then to the appropriate delivery center where it would be loaded onto a package car and delivered. package car

UPS Airlines

Employees : 18,138
Delivery Fleet: 235 UPS Jet Aircraft (as of November 2005)
- 47 Airbus A300-600R
- 13 Boeing 727-100
- 7 Boeing 747-100
- 4 Boeing 747-200
- 75 Boeing 757-200
- 32 Boeing 767-300ERF
- 40 McDonnell Douglas DC-8-70
- 17 McDonnell Douglas MD-11F UPS Airlines has ordered ten Airbus A380 freighters and has options on ten more. As part of the deal it is reducing an existing commitment for ninety Airbus A300 freighters to fifty three, forty six of which are already in service [http://www.pressroom.ups.com/pressreleases/current/0,1088,4503,00.html]. UPS Airlines will receive the A380 aircraft between 2009 and 2012 (ref: Airliner World, March 2005). UPS has also ordered eight Boeing 747-400 freighters to increase capacity on its major "trunk" routes to Europe, Asia, and North America. These are expected to be delivered in June 2007 and go on through 2008 (UPS press release, 17 August 2005).

Trivia

- International Parcel Service is a fictional delivery company based loosely on UPS. It is featured on the television sitcom The King of Queens. Instead of brown, the IPS trucks and uniforms are green. Employees of the company include Doug Heffernan (Kevin James) and Deacon Palmer (Victor Williams).
- NASCAR driver Dale Jarrett has appeared in UPS commercials, and his No. 88 Ford Taurus is sponsored by the company. In most of the commercials, UPS employees constantly ask Jarrett to race their trucks, and one new ad features all company trucks' being replaced by copycats of his Ford, complete with the No. 88 and UPS logo.
- UPS's total United Way contribution of more than $57.3 million sets a new national record.
- UPS Brown is a trademark of the company. The Pantone reference for the color is 0607298.
- As holiday traditions go, UPS's annual Peak Season is one of long standing. And that tradition will be extended in 2005 with a "Peak Day" that will see UPS deliver more than 20 million packages.That amounts to 230 packages delivered every second on Peak Day, which will occur this year on Tuesday, Dec. 20. The next day brings another high: On Wednesday, Dec. 21, the delivery of air express packages will crest, with an anticipated global volume of more than 5 million. That checks in at 2.5 times the normal average. Procrastinators can ship holiday packages as late as Dec. 22 using UPS Air services.

External links

- [http://www.ups.com/ UPS corporate website]
- [http://biz.yahoo.com/ic/40/40483.html Yahoo! - United Parcel Service, Inc. Company Profile]
- [http://browncafe.com/ Brown Cafe - Information and resources for UPS employees, retirees and shareowners. Not sponsored or endorsed by United Parcel Service]
- [http://ask.yahoo.com/20050913.html Ask Yahoo!: Who manufactures the brown UPS trucks?]
- [http://www.upsers.com/ UPSers - Resource for UPS Employees]
- [http://www.buyblue.org/node/2059/view/summary UPS Corporate political contributions]

References

- Trains News Wire (May 17, 2005), [http://www.trains.com/Content/Dynamic/Articles/000/000/005/929cbkwg.asp UPS to buy Overnite trucking company]. Retrieved May 18, 2005. Category:Airline companies of the United States Category:Transport and distribution companies Category:Transportation companies of the United States Category:Companies based in Georgia (U.S. state) Category:Fortune 500 companies

Charter airline

A charter airline is one that operates charter flights, that is flights that take place outside normal schedules, by a hiring arrangement with a particular customer. In the context of mass tourism, charter flights have acquired the more specific meaning of a flight whose sole function is to transport holidaymakers to tourist destinations. Such charter flights are contrasted with scheduled flights, but they do in fact operate to regular, published schedules. However tickets are not sold directly by the charter airline, but by holiday companies who have chartered the flight (sometimes in a consortium with other companies). Although charter airlines typically carry passengers who have booked individually or as small groups to beach resorts, historic towns, or cities where a cruise ship is awaiting them, sometimes an aircraft will be chartered by a single group such as members of a company, a sports team, or the military. Many charter flights are sold as part of a package holiday in which the price paid includes flights, accommodation and other services. At one time this was a legal requirement (or one enforced by the airlines' cartel), but this is no longer the case, and so-called "flight-only packages" can be bought by those who merely want to travel to the destination. Such packages are frequently cheaper than regular schedule airline fares. Furthermore charter airlines frequently operate on routes, or to airports, where there is no scheduled service. Much of the traffic through small and medium sized airports in the United Kingdom consists of charter flights, and the survival of these airports often depends on the airline landing fees they get from the charter companies. Many airlines operating regular scheduled services have set up charter divisions, though these have not always proved competitive with the specialist charter companies. In addition, some cargo airlines occasionally carry a few charter passengers on their jets. Conversely, some charter airlines have branched out into scheduled services when their charter operations have uncovered a need or a market niche. The economics of charter flights demand that the flights should operate on the basis of near 100% seat occupancy, and the standard of seating and service may be lower than on scheduled airlines (though this is by no means always the case). The airlines operating charter flights, and the holiday companies who are the initial purchasers of seats on them, have acquired an unhealthy reputation for financial instability. There have been a number of high-profile cases where holiday-makers have had their arrangements cancelled at short notice (and sometimes lost the substantial sums they have paid for package holidays), or have been left stranded at their destinations, by the collapse of airline or holiday company. A number of compulsory insurance and bond arrangements have been put in place to minimise at least the financial risk to the public from such events.

Charter operators

Some well known companies who specialise in chartered flights are:
- Regal Aviation
- Jet Aviation
- Air Royale
- Jet Direct
- Sentient Jet
- TXI Aviation
- Million Air
- Jet Concierge An online marketplace for companies offering chartered flights:
- [http://www.charterx.com CharterX] Among airlines who offer or have offered charter services are:
- ABX_Air
- Air Anatolia
- Air Atlanta Icelandic
- Air Japan
- Air Srpska
- Air Tindi
- Air Transat
- AOM French Airlines
- Arrow Air
- ATA
- Belavia
- Birgenair
- British Caledonian
- Britannia Airways
- Capitol Air
- Carnival Airlines (Owned by Carnival Cruise Lines)
- Cargolux
- Champion Air
- Citybird
- European Airlines
- First Choice Airways (formerly air2000)
- Frontier Flying Service
- Futura
- Germania
- Hapag-Lloyd
- Helios Airways
- Japan Airlines
- JMC
- Kenn Borek Air Ltd.
- Ladeco
- Lion Air
- Martinair
- Miami Air
- Monarch Airlines
- My Travel/Premiair
- Omni Air
- North American Airlines
- Palmair
- Skyservice
- Sterling European Airlines
- Sobelair
- Tango (a division of Air Canada)
- TransMeridian Airlines
- Travelcitydirect.com
- UPS Popular charter airline destinations include Palma De Mallorca, Tenerife, Alicante, San Juan, Puerto Rico, Honolulu and Miami, Punta Cana. Category:Airlines

ABX Air

right ABX Air is a cargo airline based in Wilmington, Ohio, USA. It operates overnight express small package services and freight in the USA, Canada and Puerto Rico. Its main base is Wilmington Airpark, the former Clinton County Air Force Base, located just southeast of Wilmington, Ohio. ABX Air offers shipping solutions, charter services, specialty training, parts sales, and aircraft maintenance services from a privately owned 2,000 acre (8 km²) airport that includes over 120 acres (0.5 km²) of paved ramp area, three aircraft maintenance hangars, two runways, and 1.24 million square feet (115,000 m²) of usable space in the sorting facility. More than 7,000 employees sort and move over 6 million pounds (3,000 t) of freight to over 130 destinations throughout the United States.

Code Data

- IATA Code: GB
- ICAO Code: ABX
- Callsign: Abex

History

The airline was established in 1980 when Airborne Freight acquired Midwest Air Charter. It started operations on 17 April 1980. Airborne Express, as the airline was initially named, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Airborne Freight of Seattle. ABX became a public company in August 16, 2003 as part of the merger of DHL and Airborne, in which DHL kept Airborne's ground operations and spun off its air operations as ABX. It employs 10,000 staff (at September 2005).ABX Air's common shares are traded on the NASDAQ National Market under the ticker symbol ABXA.

Services

ABX Air operates the following services (at January 2005):
- Domestic freight destinations: Abilene, Albany, Albany, Albuquerque, Allentown/Bethlehem/Easton, Alpena, Anchorage, Appleton, Arcata/Eureka, Atlanta, Austin, Bakersfield, Baltimore, Bangor, Billings, Birmingham, Bismarck, Bloomington, Boise, Boston, Bozeman, Brainerd, Buffalo, Burlington, Carlsbad, Casper, Cedar Rapids, Charlotte, Charlottesville, Chattanooga, Chicago, Chico, Cleveland, Colorado Springs, Columbia, Dallas/Fort Worth, Del Rio, Denver, Des Moines, Detroit, Dodge City, Duluth/Superior, El Paso, Eugene, Fargo, Flint, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Fresno, Grand Canyon, Grand Island, Grand Junction, Grand Rapids, Great Falls, Greensboro, Greenville, Harlingen, Harrisburg, Hartford, Helena, Houston, Huntsville, Idaho Falls, Iron Mountain, Jackson, Jacksonville, Kalispell, Kansas City, Key West, Knoxville, Lake Charles, Lake Havasu City, Las Vegas, Lewiston/Auburn, Little Rock, Long Beach, Los Angeles, Lubbock, Lynchburg, Madison, Manchester, Marion, Medford, Memphis, Miami, Midland/Odessa, Milwaukee, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minot, Missoula, Moline, Moses Lake, Myrtle Beach, Nashville, New Bern, New Orleans, New York, Newburgh, Norfolk, North Platte, Oakland, Oklahoma City, Omaha, Ontario, Orlando, Panama City, Pensacola, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Pierre, Pittsburgh, Pocatello, Portland, Presque Isle, Providence, Raleigh/Durham, Rapid City, Redding, Redmond, Reno, Richfield, Richmond, Rifle, Roanoke, Rochester, Rock Springs, Rockford, Roswell, Sacramento, Saginaw, Salt Lake City, San Angelo, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, San José, Santa Barbara, Santa Maria, Sault Ste. Marie, Savannah, Scottsbluff, Seattle, Shreveport, Sioux Falls, South Bend, Spokane, Springfield, St George, St Louis, St Petersburg, Steamboat Springs, Syracuse, Tallahassee, Traverse City, Tucson, Tulsa, Twin Falls, Ukiah, Visalia, Waco, Washington, Wausau, Wenatchee, Wichita, Wilmington and Yuma.
- International freight destinations: Calgary, Edmonton, Hamilton, Montreal, San Juan, Vancouver and Winnipeg. Charter services are available for both domestic and international flights using Douglas DC-8-63F and Boeing 767-SF aircraft. Charter customers include the United States Government, United States Postal Service, and many Fortune 500 companies. ABX Charters has operated ad-hoc and scheduled flights into Alaska, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia

Cargo airline

Aircraft used

Noteable cargo airlines, in the history of air cargo

World's largest freight carriers by scheduled freight tonne-kilometres flown

2004 total scheduled freight tonne-kilometres flown

2004 international scheduled freight tonne-kilometres flown

2004 domestic scheduled freight tonne-kilometres flown

Transport

Aspects of transport

Modes of transport

Categories of transport

Transport and communications

Transport and land use

Transport, energy, and the environment

Transport Research

See also

Boeing 707

History

Subtypes

Operators

Trivia

Specifications

General characteristics

Related content

Douglas DC-3

History

Production

Specifications

General characteristics (DC-3C)

Performance

Reference

Related content

Turboprop

External links

Fokker Friendship

Specifications

Ordering airlines

Current operators

Past operators

External links

United Parcel Service

Other codes

Company History

Just starting out -- the 1900s

The Roaring '20s

East Coast Bound -- the '30s

UPS during World War II -- the '40s

Introducing Common Carrier Service -- the '50s

UPS calls New York City home -- the '60s

The "Golden Link" and UPS International operations -- the '70s

UPS expands throughout the world -- the '80s

Corporate Office finds new home in Atlanta -- the '90s

UPS wins China -- 2000 and beyond

Chief executives

System design

UPS Airlines

Trivia

See also

External links

References

Charter airline

Charter operators

ABX Air

Code Data

History

Services