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Broadsheet

Broadsheet

is in the Berliner format. The Guardian is in the British broadsheet format (or was, until September 2005), whereas the Daily Mail is a tabloid, and The Times a "compact". Berliner Zeitung and Neues Deutschland are of sizes between broadsheet and Berliner. A piece of white A4 paper is placed in front for scale.]] Broadsheet is a size and format for newspapers, and a descriptive term applied to papers which use that format rather than the smaller tabloid format. (A third, less common format is the Berliner.) Many broadsheets measure roughly 29½ by 23½ inches (74.9 cm × 59.7 cm) per spread, twice the size of a standard tabloid. Australian and New Zealand broadsheets always have a paper size of A1 per spread (84.1cm by 59.4cm). Historically, broadsheets were developed when in 1712 a tax was placed on British newspapers based on the number of their pages. The broadsheet has since emerged as the most popular format for the dissemination of printed news. The world's most widely circulated English language daily broadsheet is The Times of India, a leading English language daily newspaper from India, followed closely by USA Today and The New York Times from the United States, according to the Audit Bureau of Circulations.

Connotations

Broadsheet newspapers are commonly perceived to be more intellectual in content than their tabloid counterparts, using their greater size to examine stories in more depth, while less often carrying sensationalist and celebrity material. This distinction is most obvious on the front page, whereas tabloids tend to have a single story dominated by a headline, broadsheets allow two or more stories to be displayed, the most important at the top of the page - "above the fold." However, while this distinction is widely used it is at best a generalization, and the term "tabloid" technically refers only to the paper's size. Some tabloid papers (particularly the Daily Mail and Daily Express) often use phrases such as "broadsheet quality in a tabloid format" to distinquish themselves from the "tabloid" reputation. In addition, broadsheets often publish supplements, such as sports reviews and less news-oriented content (e.g. the Guardian's "G2" (formerly) or the Times's "Times 2"), in tabloid format.

UK broadsheets

In the UK, one major daily broadsheet is distributed nationwide, and four on a Sunday: two generally on the right wing politically, and two more left wing.:
- The Daily Telegraph/Sunday Telegraph (right-wing)
- The Sunday Times (The Times is now a tabloid / compact, both are centre-right)
- The Observer (The Guardian is now printed in Berliner format, both are left-wing) Other prominent UK broadsheets include The Herald, which is not a true national newspaper, as it is mostly distributed in Scotland. The Financial Times is also printed and sold in other countries; as the British equivalent of the Wall Street Journal, it lends its most detailed attention to financial news. The average circulation of the Times is around 661,000 and the Telegraph sells 908,000 copies daily, while the circulations of the Guardian and Independent are more approximately 380,000 and 265,000. The Financial Times sells over 400,000 copies, the Scotsman maybe 70,000 (all figures July 2004).

Switch to smaller sizes

In 2003 The Independent started concurrent production of both broadsheet and tabloid ("compact") editions, carrying exactly the same content. The Times did likewise, but with less apparent success, with readers vocally opposing the change. The daily Independent ceased to be available in broadsheet format in May 2004, and The Times followed suit from November 2004; the Scotsman is also now published only in tabloid format. The Guardian switched to the "Berliner" or "midi" format found in some other European countries (slightly larger than a traditional tabloid) on 12 September, 2005. The main motivation cited for this shift is that commuters prefer papers which they can hold easily on public transport, and it is presumably hoped that other readers will also find the smaller formats more convenient. It remains to be seen how this shake-up will affect the usage of the term "broadsheet".

Notable broadsheets

Australia


- The Age, Melbourne
- The Australian, a national newspaper
- The Canberra Times
- The Courier-Mail, Brisbane
- The Sydney Morning Herald

Canada


- The Globe and Mail
- The National Post
- The Toronto Star
- The Gazette, Montreal
- La Presse, Montreal
- Le Devoir, Montreal
- Halifax Chronicle-Herald
- The Telegram, St. John's

Chile


- El Mercurio

India


- The Times of India

New Zealand


- The New Zealand Herald, Auckland

Russia


- Izvestia

United Kingdom


- The Financial Times
- The Guardian (Sunday sister: The Observer)
- The Independent (The Independent on Sunday)
- The Daily Telegraph (The Sunday Telegraph)
- The Times (The Sunday Times)

United States

Almost all U.S. newspapers are broadsheets, including major publications like:
- The Washington Post
- The New York Times
- The Wall Street Journal
- USA Today

Switzerland


- NZZ

See also


- List of newspapers. Category:Newspapering

Berliner (format)

is in the Berliner format. The Guardian was (until September 2005) in the British broadsheet format, whereas the Daily Mail is a tabloid, and The Times a "compact". Berliner Zeitung and Neues Deutschland are of sizes between broadsheet and Berliner. A piece of white A4 paper is placed in front for scale.]] Berliner, or "midi", is a newspaper format with pages normally measuring about 470 mm × 315 mm, i.e. slightly taller but only marginally wider than in the format known as "tabloid". It is used by many European newspapers, including quality dailies such as Le Monde in France, La Vanguardia in Spain, La Repubblica in Italy, and (since September 12, 2005) The Guardian in the UK. The French financial newspaper Les Échos changed to this format in September 2003, and the largest daily papers in Slovenia (DELO) and Croatia (Vecernji List), are also in this format. The last quality newspaper to join this trend is Le Soir, the main Francophone newspaper in Belgium (15 November 2005) Confusingly, although the Berliner Zeitung is occasionally referred to as simply "the Berliner", it is not printed in Berliner format — the name refers merely to Berlin, and was originally contrasted with "North German" and "French" sizes in the early 20th century. In fact, only two German national dailies use Berliner format: die tageszeitung (known as the "taz"); and the junge Welt, which, in 2004, abandoned the unique slightly-larger-than-A4 size that had marked it out since the early 1990s. The majority of the national quality dailies use the larger broadsheet format known as "nordisch", measuring 570×400 mm.

References


- [http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian/story/0,16391,1566039,00.html How we got the measure of the Berliner] (discussing the Guardian's switch to the format) Category:Newspapering

The Guardian

The Guardian is a British newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. It is published Monday to Saturday in the Berliner format, with left-of-centre politics. Until 1959 it was called The Manchester Guardian, reflecting its provincial origins; the paper is still occasionally referred to by this name, especially in North America, although it has been based in London since 1964 (with printing facilities in both Manchester and London). According to a MORI poll taken in 2004, 44% of Guardian readers vote Labour and 37% vote Liberal Democrat[http://www.mori.com/polls/2004/voting-by-readership.shtml]. Today The Guardian is the only British national newspaper to publish in full-colour (though not in Northern Ireland); it is also the first newspaper in the UK to be printed on the Berliner size. In November 2005 The Guardian had a certified average daily circulation of 378,618 copies (November 2005), as compared to sales of 904,955 for the Daily Telegraph, 692,581 for The Times, and 261,193 for The Independent. [Audit Bureau of Circulations Ltd]. The paper is sometimes known as "The Grauniad" (coined by Private Eye), as a result of frequent typographical errors for which it became infamous in the era before computer typesetting. The Guardian Unlimited web site won the Best Newspaper category in the 2005 Webby Awards, an award described by Time magazine as the online Oscar, beating the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Wall Street Journal and Variety. [http://www.webbyawards.com/webbys/current.php#webby_entry_newspaper] It has been the winner for six years in a row of the British Newspaper Awards for Best Daily Newspaper on the World Wide Web (the pcsdotNet Award [http://www.newspaperawards.co.uk/]). The site won an Eppy award from the US-based magazine Editor & Publisher in 2000 for the best-designed newspaper online service. [http://royal.reliaserve.com/eppy/winners2000.html] The website is well-known and recognised for its commentary on sporting events, particularly its over-by over cricket commentary.

Ownership

The Guardian is part of the Guardian Media Group of newspapers, radio stations, and new media including The Observer Sunday newspaper, the Manchester Evening News, and Guardian Unlimited, one of the most popular online news resources on the Internet. All the aforementioned are owned by The Scott Trust, a charitable foundation which aims to ensure the newspaper's editorial independence in perpetuity, maintaining its financial health to ensure it does not become vulnerable to take over by for-profit media groups, and the serious compromise of editorial independence that this often brings. The Guardian's ownership by the Scott Trust is likely a factor in it being the only British national daily to conduct (since 2003) an annual social, ethical and environmental audit in which it examines, under the scrutiny of an independent external auditor, its own behaviour as a company.[http://www.guardian.co.uk/values/socialaudit] The Guardian and its parent groups are a participant in Project Syndicate [http://www.project-syndicate.org/], established by George Soros, and intervened in 1995 to save the Mail & Guardian in South Africa [http://www.mg.co.za/], but Guardian Media Group sold the majority of its shares in the Mail & Guardian in 2002.

History

2002 The Manchester Guardian was founded in Manchester in 1821 by a group of non-conformist businessmen headed by John Edward Taylor. The prospectus which announced the new publication proclaimed that "it will zealously enforce the principles of civil and religious Liberty … it will warmly advocate the cause of Reform; it will endeavour to assist in the diffusion of just principles of Political Economy; and to support, without reference to the party from which they emanate, all serviceable measures." The first edition was published on May 5, 1821, at which time the Guardian was a weekly, published on Saturdays and costing 7d.; the stamp duty on newspapers (4d. per sheet) forced the price up so high that it was uneconomic to publish more frequently. When the stamp duty was cut in 1836 the Guardian added a Wednesday edition; with the abolition of the tax in 1855 it became a daily paper costing 2d. Its most famous editor, C. P. Scott, made the Manchester Guardian into a nationally famous newspaper. He was editor for 57 years from 1872, and became its owner when he bought the paper from the estate of Taylor's son in 1907. Under Scott the paper's moderate editorial line became more radical, supporting Gladstone when the Liberals split in 1886, and opposing the Boer War against popular opinion. Scott's friendship with Chaim Weizmann played a role in the Balfour Declaration, and in 1948 the Guardian was a supporter of the State of Israel. The story of the relationship between the Guardian and the zionist movement and Israel is told in Daphna Baram's book "Disenchantment: The Guardian and Israel" (Politico's, 2003. ISBN 1842751190). In June 1936 ownership of the paper was transfered to the Scott Trust (named after the last owner, John Russell Scott, who was the first chairman of the Trust). This move ensured the paper's independence, and it was then noted for its eccentric style, its moralising and its detached attitude to its finances. Traditionally affiliated with the centrist Liberal Party, and with a northern circulation base, the paper earned a national reputation and the respect of the left during the Spanish Civil War, when along with the now defunct News Chronicle it was the only UK source of news that was not tainted by support for the insurgent nationalists led by General Francisco Franco. In 1952 the paper took the step of printing news on the front page, replacing the adverts that had hitherto filled that space. The editor A.P. Wadsworth wrote, "it is not a thing I like myself, but it seems to be accepted by all the newspaper pundits that it is preferable to be in fashion". A.P. Wadsworth In 1959 the paper dropped "Manchester" from its title, becoming simply The Guardian, and in 1964 it moved to London, losing some of its regional agenda but continuing to be heavily subsidised by sales of the less intellectual but much more profitable Manchester Evening News. The financial position remained extremely poor into the 1970s; at one time it was in merger talks with The Times. The paper consolidated its left-wing stance during the 1970s and 1980s but was both shocked and revitalised by the launch of The Independent in 1986 which competed for similar readers and provoked the entire broadsheet industry into a fight for circulation. In 1988 The Guardian had a significant redesign; as well as improving the quality of its printers ink, it also changed its masthead to its soon-familiar (but no-longer used as of 2005) juxtaposition of an italic Garamond "The", with a bold Helvetica "Guardian". In 1992 it relaunched its features section as G2, a tabloid-format supplement. This innovation was widely copied by the other "quality" broadsheets, and ultimately led to the rise of "compact" papers and The Guardians move to the Berliner format. In 1993 the paper declined to participate in the broadsheet 'price war' started by Rupert Murdoch's The Times. Also in 1993, The Guardian bought The Observer from Lonrho, thus gaining a serious Sunday newspaper partner with similar political views. In 1995, both the Granada Television programme World In Action and The Guardian were sued for libel by the then cabinet minister Jonathan Aitken, for their allegation that the Saudi Prince Mohammed bin Fahd had paid for Aitken and his wife to stay at the Hôtel Ritz in Paris, which would have amounted to accepting a bribe on Aitken's part. Aitken publicly stated he would fight with "the simple sword of truth and the trusty shield of British fair play" [http://www.guardian.co.uk/aitken/Story/0,2763,208516,00.html]. The court case proceeded, and in 1997 The Guardian produced evidence that Aitken's claim of his wife paying for the hotel stay was untrue. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/aitken/Story/0,2763,208503,00.html] In 1999, Aitken was jailed for perjury and perverting the course of justice. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/258070.stm] During the Afghanistan and Iraq wars The Guardian attracted a significant proportion of anti-war readers as one of the mass-media media outlets most critical of UK and USA military initiatives. The newspaper also gained readers in the United States where there were few "anti-war" rivals. United States Its international weekly edition is now titled The Guardian Weekly, though it retained the title Manchester Guardian Weekly for some years after the home edition had moved to London. It includes sections from a number of other internationally significant newspapers of a somewhat left-of-centre inclination, including Le Monde. In 2004, The Guardian introduced an online digital version of its print edition, allowing readers to download pages from the last 14 issues as PDF files. In August 2004, for the US presidential election, the daily G2 supplement, edited by Ian Katz, launched an experimental letter-writing campaign in Clark County, Ohio, a small county in a swing state. Katz bought a voter list from the county for $25 and asked people to write to those on the list undecided in the election. The point of this venture was for the writers to give Clark County voters a taste of international opinion, without endorsing any candidates. This caused something of a backlash, and on 21 October, 2004, the paper retired the campaign. Following the 7 July 2005 London bombings, The Guardian published an article on its comment pages by Dilpazier Aslam (see [http://www.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,,1527323,00.html We rock the boat]), a 27-year-old British Muslim journalism trainee from Yorkshire. Aslam was a member of Hizb ut-Tahrir, an Islamist group, and had published a number of articles on their website. According to the paper, it did not know that Aslam was a member of Hizb ut-Tahrir when he applied to become a trainee, though several staff members were informed of this once he started at the paper (see [http://media.guardian.co.uk/site/story/0,14173,1534494,00.html Background: the Guardian and Dilpazier Aslam]). The Home Office has claimed the group's "ultimate aim is the establishment of an Islamic state (Caliphate), according to Hizb ut-Tahrir via non-violent means". The Guardian asked Aslam to resign his membership of the group, and – when he did not do so – terminated his employment (see [http://media.guardian.co.uk/presspublishing/story/0,,1534480,00.html Dilpazier Aslam leaves Guardian] registration req'd). In 2005 The Guardian moved to the Berliner paper format and changed the design of its masthead.

Moving to the Berliner paper format

2005 format and its competitor The Independent, all from 2005-09-10. A sheet of A4 paper is shown for scale.]] In 2004, The Guardian announced plans to change to a "Berliner" or "midi" format similar to that used by Le Monde in France and some other European papers; at 470×315 mm, this is slightly larger than a traditional tabloid. Planned for the autumn of 2005, this change is either a response to, or has the same cause as, the moves by The Times and The Independent to start publishing in tabloid (or "compact") format. The advantage that The Guardian sees in the Berliner format is that though it is only a little wider than a tabloid, and is thus equally easy to read on public transport, its greater height gives more flexibility in page design. An article in the Independent on Sunday, dated January 30 2005, suggested that the move may be fraught with problems. As of January 2005, no printing press in the UK could produce newspapers in the Berliner format. One of the Guardian's presses is part owned by groups responsible for The Daily Telegraph and The Daily Express who would likely require compensation if The Guardian pulls out. It is contracted to use the plant until 2009. Another press is shared with the Guardian Media Group's north western local tabloid papers, which do not wish to switch to the Berliner format. On Thursday 1 September 2005 The Guardian announced that it would launch the new format on Monday 12 September [http://media.guardian.co.uk/site/story/0,14173,1560525,00.html]. The Observer will follow in early 2006. The switch cost Guardian Newspapers £80 million and has involved setting up new printing presses in east London and Manchester. The papers are the first UK nationals able to print in full colour on every page. The new presses mean that printing can go right across the 'gutter', the strip down the middle of the centre page. This has allowed the paper to print striking double page pictures. On Friday 9 September 2005 the newspaper unveiled its new look front page [http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-files/Media/documents/2005/09/09/Newfront.pdf], which débuted on Monday 12 September 2005. Designed by Mark Porter, the new look includes a new masthead for the newspaper, its first since 1988. The typeface is called Guardian Egyptian. In the new design, no other typeface is used anywhere in the paper - all stylistic variations are based on various forms of Guardian Egyptian.

Supplements and features

1988 On each weekday The Guardian comes with the G2 supplement containing feature articles, columns, television and radio listings and the quick crossword. Since the change to the Berliner format, there is a separate daily Sport section. Other regular supplements during the week include: ; Monday : MediaGuardian, Office Hours ; Tuesday : EducationGuardian ; Wednesday : SocietyGuardian (covers the British public sector and related issues) ; Thursday : TechnologyGuardian ; Friday : Film & Music ; Saturday : The Guide (a weekly listings magazine), Weekend (the colour supplement), Review (covers literature), Money, Work, Rise (covering careers for new graduates), Travel, Family Though the main news section was in the large broadsheet format, the supplements were all in the half-sized tabloid format, with the exception of the glossy Weekend section which was a 290×245mm magazine and The Guide which was in a small 225×145mm format. With the change of the main section to the Berliner format, the specialist sections are now printed as Berliner, as is a now-daily Sports section, but G2 has moved to a "magazine-sized" demi-Berliner format. A Thursday Technology section and daily science coverage in the news section replaced Life and Online. Weekend and The Guide are still in the same small formats as before the change.

Regular columns


- Country Diary (natural history)
- Notes & Queries

Online media

The Guardian publishes all of its news online, with free access both to current news and an archive of three million stories. A third of the site's hits are for items over a month old[http://www.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,,1587517,00.html]. The website also offers PDF editions of the newspaper for a monthly subscription fee. Free and unrestricted access has been cited as one of factors in the site's popularity. The Guardian also has a number of talkboards that are noted for their mix of political disussion and whimsy. They are spoofed in the Guardian's own regular humorous Chatroom column in G2. The spoof column purports to be excerpts from a chatroom on [http://permachat.co.uk permachat.co.uk], a real URL which points to The Guardians talkboards. The Guardian has also launched a dating website, Soulmates, and is experimenting with new media, offering a free weekly Podcast by Ricky Gervais[http://media.guardian.co.uk/broadcast/story/0,,1662771,00.html].

The Guardian in the popular imagination

The affectionate name the Grauniad for the paper came about because, in the past, it was noted for frequent text mangling, technical typesetting failures and typographical errors, including once misspelling its own name as "The Gaurdian" in the 1970s. Although such errors are now less frequent than they used to be, the 'Corrections and clarifications' column can still often provide some amusement. There were even a number of errors in the first issue, perhaps the most notable being a notification that there would soon be some goods sold at acton, instead of auction. Until the foundation of the Independent, the Guardian was the only serious national daily newspaper in Britain that was not clearly conservative in its political affiliation. The term "Guardian reader" is therefore often used pejoratively by those who do not agree with the paper or self-deprecatingly by those who do. The stereotype of a Guardian reader is a person with leftist or liberal politics rooted in the 1960s, working in the public sector, regularly eating lentils and muesli, wearing sandals and believing in alternative medicine and natural medicine as evidenced by Labour MP Kevin Hughes' largely rhetorical question in the House of Commons on November 19, 2001:
"Does my right hon. Friend find it bizarre — as I do — that the yoghurt- and muesli-eating, Guardian-reading fraternity are only too happy to protect the human rights of people engaged in terrorist acts, but never once do they talk about the human rights of those who are affected by them?" [http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200102/cmhansrd/vo011119/debtext/11119-08.htm#11119-08_spnew3]
Like most stereotypes, to some extent this one is both inaccurate and outdated. For instance, the Guardians science coverage is now extensive and although its Weekend supplement features a column by Emma Mitchell, a natural health therapist, and G2 was until the relaunch home to Edzard Ernst's weekly column on complementary medicine (Ernst is professor of complementary medicine at the Peninsula medical school, [http://education.guardian.co.uk/academicexperts/story/0,1392,1048903,00.html]), the paper now carries the Bad Science column by Ben Goldacre and a quizzical column in G2 called The Sceptic [http://www.guardian.co.uk/g2/story/0,,1585944,00.html], which looks at the evidence for popular treatments and remedies. The stereotype, however, is a persistent feature of British political discourse. Even doctors perpetuate it by using the acronym GROLIES (Guardian Reader Of Low Intelligence in Ethnic Skirt) on patient notes. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3159813.stm] The Guardian has a tradition of spoof articles on April Fool's Day, sometimes contributed by regular advertisers such as BMW. The most elaborate of these was a travel supplement on San Serriffe.

References in fiction


- The 1984 Christmas special of Yes, Minister shows a number of newspapers tipping Jim Hacker as the next Prime Minister. The Guardian is among them, but its name is spelt The Gaurdian.
- In the Young Ones episode "Boring," Rick eagerly notes that The Guardian has an article on how to get an increased student grant. Unfortunately the paper has totally mangled the spelling of a key part of it, leaving Rick with no idea how to get the increased grant. Worse still, the misspelling happens to sound the same as a Satanic chant, so that when Rick reads it out loud he accidentally summons a demon who tries to kill everyone there.

Literary patronage

The Guardian is the sponsor of two major literary awards: The Guardian First Book Award, established in 1999 as a successor to the Guardian Fiction Award which had run since 1965, and the Guardian Children's Fiction Prize, founded in 1967. In recent years it has also sponsored the Hay Festival in Hay-on-Wye.

Editors


- John Edward Taylor (1821–1844)
- Jeremiah Garnett (1844–1861) (jointly with Russell Scott Taylor in 1847–1848)
- Edward Taylor (1861–1872)
- Charles Prestwich Scott (1872–1929)
- Ted Scott (1929–1932)
- William Percival Crozier (1932–1944)
- Alfred Powell Wadsworth (1944–1956)
- Alastair Hetherington (1956–1975)
- Peter Preston (1975–1995)
- Alan Rusbridger (1995—)

Notable regular contributors (past and present)


- David Aaronovitch
- Araucaria
- John Arlott
- David Austin
- Dilpazier Aslam
- Leonard Barden
- Heston Blumenthal
- Julian Borger
- Emma Brockes
- Julie Burchill
- Duncan Campbell
- Neville Cardus
- Mark Cocker
- Alistair Cooke
- G. D. H. Cole
- Terry Eagleton
- Harold Evans
- Paul Foot
- Michael Frayn
- Suzanne Goldenberg
- J. G. Hamilton
- Ben Hammersley
- Clifford Harper
- Patrick Haseldine
- Max Hastings
- David Hencke
- L. T. Hobhouse
- J. A. Hobson
- Tom Hodgkinson
- Stanley Johnson
- Rod Liddle
- Maureen Lipman
- Alex Kapranos
- George Monbiot
- C. E. Montague
- Malcolm Muggeridge
- James Naughtie
- Richard Norton-Taylor
- Greg Palast
- David Pallister
- Anne Perkins
- Melanie Phillips
- John Pilger
- Arthur Ransome
- Brian Redhead
- Jon Ronson
- Posy Simmonds
- Jonathan Steele
- Mary Stott
- Jill Tweedie
- F. A. Voigt
- Ed Vulliamy
- Brian Whitaker
- Ann Widdecombe
- Martin Woollacott
- Ted Wragg
- Hugo Young
- Slavoj Zizek

The Newsroom archive

The Guardian and its sister newspaper The Observer also provide [http://www.guardian.co.uk/newsroom The Newsroom], a visitor centre in London. It contains their archives, including bound copies of old editions, a photographic library and other items such as diaries, letters and notebooks. This material may be consulted by members of the public. The Newsroom also mounts temporary exhibitions and runs an educational programme for schools. There is also an extensive Manchester Guardian archive at the University of Manchester's John Rylands Library and there is a collaboration programme between the two archives. The British Library also has a large archive of the Manchester Guardian, available in online, hard copy, microform, and CD-ROM in their [http://www.bl.uk/collections/newspapers.html British Library Newspapers] collection.

External links


- [http://www.guardian.co.uk/ Guardian Unlimited]
- [http://www.guardian.co.uk/rssfeed/0,,1,00.xml The Guardian Front Page RSS feed] (in XML; use a news aggregator)
- [http://digital.guardian.co.uk/ Digital Guardian]
- [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRguardian.htm Founding of the Manchester Guardian]
- [http://www.guardian.co.uk/newsroom Information about The Newsroom Archive and Visitor Centre]
- [http://rylibweb.man.ac.uk/data2/spcoll/guardian/ Information about The Guardian Archive at John Rylands Library in Manchester]
- [http://media.guardian.co.uk/print/0,3858,4777964-105414,00.html Media Guardian: How the broadsheets brightened up]
- [http://talk.guardian.co.uk The Guardian Unlimited Talk Board]
- [http://news.independent.co.uk/media/story.jsp?story=605882 Independent on Sunday article] on problems with the Berliner format change (subscription service) Guardian, The Category:Webby Awards winners ja:ガーディアン

September 2005

2005 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December- → __NOTOC__

30 September 2005 (Friday)


- United Nation World Food Programme warns that a sharp increase in malnutrition rates and rapidly rising maize prices in Malawi could push the number of vulnerable people in need of food aid up to five million. [http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/IRIN/674fd22d87c7281b2f5364625ed502f4.htm (Reuters)]
- U.S. Senator Harry Reid, and other Democrats, criticize talk show host William Bennett for saying: "You could abort every black baby in this country, and your crime rate would go down." [http://www.wltx.com/news/news19.aspx?storyid=31001 (WLTX)]
- The new United Nations coordinator for human and avian influenza warns that 5-150 million people could die in a flu epidemic. Humans have no natural immunity to the virus. [http://news.monstersandcritics.com/northamerica/article_1051562.php/Senate_approves_avian_flu_vaccine_funding (M&C News)] [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4292426.stm (BBC)]
- Israeli-Palestinian Conflict:
  - An unarmed Palestinian boy, 13 years old, is shot dead by Israel Defense Forces troops. Israel declares its intention to hold an inquiry into the event. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4304894.stm (BBC)]
  - Two members of the Al Aqsa Martyrs Brigade are shot dead in an Israeli raid into the Balata refugee camp, in Nablus, on the West Bank. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4296774.stm (BBC)]
- Conflict in Iraq: 10 people die following a car bomb in Hillah, Iraq. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4296254.stm (BBC)]
- An Osaka High Court judge rules that the visit by Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi to the Yasukuni Shrine violates the constitution's separation of church and state. The visit by a Japanese head of government to the war shrine is a sensitive issue with China and South Korea. [http://go.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=worldNews&storyID=9797022&src=rss/worldNews (Reuters)]
- United States negotiators in Geneva are caught off guard by European demands for a change from U.S. Commerce Department control to international regulation of the Internet. [http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/09/29/business/net.php (International Herald Tribune)] [http://www.opendemocracy.net/globalization-accountability/cyberspace_2832.jsp (openDemocracy)]
- New York Times journalist Judith Miller testifies before a federal grand jury and identifies Lewis Libby, Vice President Dick Cheney's chief of staff, as her confidential source for a non-published story about the unmasking of a CIA agent in 2003. [http://www.cnn.com/2005/POLITICS/09/30/cia.leak/index.html (CNN)]

29 September 2005 (Thursday)


- Conflict in Iraq: 95 people die following a series of Insurgent attacks throughout Iraq. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4296254.stm (BBC)], [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4295250.stm (BBC)]
- The New York Times reporter Judith Miller is released from federal jail after receiving a waiver from her news source, allowing her to testify in the investigation of the outing of CIA operative Valerie Plame. [http://edition.cnn.com/2005/POLITICS/09/29/cia.leak/index.html (CNN)] [http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20050930/ap_on_go_ca_st_pe/cia_leak_investigation (Yahoo News)]
- Algerians vote in a referendum to grant partial amnesty to militants to end the Algerian Civil War.[http://www9.sbs.com.au/theworldnews/region.php?id=121941®ion=6 (SBS)]
- The People's Republic of China Government unveils their new official Internet website, now to be found at [http://www.gov.cn www.gov.cn]. [http://news.beelink.com.cn/20050930/1944949.shtml (Beelink)]
- The family of Jean Charles de Menezes arrive in London looking for justice. The innocent Brazilian was shot six times by police exercising a shoot-to-kill policy. Metropolitan Police Commissioner Ian Blair has offered his personal apology for the killing, but this has been rejected by the family. [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,22989-1799778,00.html (The Times)]
- By a vote of 78-22, the United States Senate confirms John G. Roberts, Jr. as Chief Justice, presiding over the Supreme Court. Roberts is sworn in later in the afternoon, and will preside over the Court's Fall term beginning October 3.
- The High Court of Australia has found that it is inappropriate for the court to judge whether the Howard Government's unapproved spending on an advertising blitz promoting the controversial industrial relations reform is unlawful. The case was brought by the Australian Labor Party and trade unions. [http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200509/s1471271.htm (ABC)]
- British Columbia's Tobacco Damages and Health Care Costs Recovery Act is approved by the Supreme Court of Canada, opening the door for the Province to sue cigarette makers, in order to recover the billions spent in inflicted healthcare costs. [http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20050929.wtobac0929/BNStory/National/ (The Globe and Mail)]
- Ian Huntley, convicted of murdering two young girls, the Soham Murders, is sentenced to a minimum forty years in prison by a British court. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/cambridgeshire/4293158.stm (BBC)]
- The UK Prime Minister Tony Blair has apologised to Walter Wolfgang, an 82-year old Labour Party activist thrown out of the party's annual conference by stewards for heckling Jack Straw. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4292342.stm (BBC)]
- The government of Macau takes over the management of Banco Delta Asia bank, after a US report on its North Korea ties caused a panic run on deposits. [http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?we_cat=4&art_id=2338&sid=4782658&con_type=1&d_str=20050929 (The Standard)]
- A wildfire in the south of U.S. state California burns 17,000 acres, spurs evacuations near State Route 118 and U.S. 101. [http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000103&sid=aQtgpTriKeoA&refer=us (Bloomberg)]

28 September 2005 (Wednesday)


- The Pentagon announces it will investigate allegations that US soldiers posted photographs of dead Iraqis on a website so as to get access to free Internet porn. CAIR had earlier called for the investigation after the details of the site came to light. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4289518.stm (BBC)]
- Trade unions inflict defeats against the UK Labour Party government, during the party's annual conference, including on the plan to use private companies in the National Health Service. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4288798.stm (BBC)]
- U.S. House Majority Leader Tom DeLay is indicted on one count of criminal conspiracy by Texas grand jury, for allegedly funding Texas state elections secretly through the Republican national office.
- Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Israeli airstrikes on Palestinian areas continue. IDF planes and artillery strike Gaza knocking out power to parts of the city, destroy a bridge in Beit Hanoun, fire missiles at a Fatah Youth Centre, an office and a refugee camp in the central Gaza Strip. Israeli troops later raided offices of Hamas and Islamic Jihad in the West Bank. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4288384.stm (BBC)]
- According to reports, Asif Chotu, allegedly a leader of the al Qaeda-linked militant group Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, has been arrested in Pakistan. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4289740.stm (BBC)] [http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=worldNews&storyID=2005-09-28T115241Z_01_YUE842740_RTRUKOC_0_UK-SECURITY-PAKISTAN.xml&archived=False (Reuters)]
- An 82 year old British man was manhandled out of Labour Party Conference for loudly protesting that Jack Straw was lying about Britain's involvement with the Conflict in Iraq. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4291388.stm (BBC)]

27 September 2005 (Tuesday)


- During a US State Department visit to Jidda, Saudi Arabia, Karen Hughes receives a mixed reaction when she suggests Saudi women be allowed to drive cars and to "fully participate" in society.[http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/28/international/middleeast/28hughes.html (NYT)]
- Australian State and Territory leaders agree to implement the Commonwealth Government's tough new anti-terrorism laws with a sunset clause. The new laws allow police to detain terrorism "suspects" without charge for up to two weeks, and electronically tag them for up to a year. The measures have been attacked by civil libertarians and Muslim groups. [http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200509/s1469669.htm (ABC)] [http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200509/s1469394.htm (ABC)]
- Michaëlle Jean is sworn in as the 27th Governor General of Canada, replacing Adrienne Clarkson. [http://www.cbcunlocked.com/artman/publish/article_472.shtml (CBCUnlocked)]
- Two Japanese scientists snap more than 500 photos of a live giant squid and recover one of its two longest tentacles, which severed during a struggle. [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/09/0927_050927_giant_squid.html (National Geographic)] [http://msnbc.msn.com/id/9503272/ (MSNBC [with pictures])]
- The Australian Government dismissed a suggestion from former Australian Prime Minister Bob Hawke that the Australian economy would benefit significantly from storing the world's nuclear waste in the country's desert interior. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4290384.stm (BBC)]
- Abu Azzam, claimed by the US to be an aide to Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, was shot dead by US soldiers. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4285394.stm (BBC)]
- Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Israeli Airstrikes on Palestinian areas continue. The Israel Defense Forces strikes three bridges in the Gaza Strip and a money-changer in Khan Younis, while a further 82 people were arrested in the West Bank. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4285490.stm (BBC)], [http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L27659513.htm (Reuters)], [http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/B6F73DEB-7DDD-4EFC-BDCA-FA695BDF2ABE.htm (Al Jazeera)], [http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/629780.html (Haaretz)]
- The Prime Minister of Israel, Ariel Sharon, survives a major leadership challenge within the Likud Party. The proposal, which would have ordered the next Party Leader election be held in October 2005 rather than April 2006, is voted down by the party's Central Committee, 48% to 52%. [http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20050927/ap_on_re_mi_ea/israel_palestinians;_ylt=AqUsWHAysiaRl2IWDnsIPX6s0NUE;_ylu=X3oDMTA3b2NibDltBHNlYwM3MTY- (Yahoo!News)]

26 September 2005 (Monday)


- U.S. Army PFC Lynndie England is found guilty of six of seven charges by a military court in connection with the Abu Ghraib prisoner abuse scandal. A sentencing hearing is scheduled to begin September 27. [http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20050926/ap_on_go_ca_st_pe/prisoner_abuse_england (Yahoo!News)]
- Anti-Iraq War activist Cindy Sheehan is arrested while protesting outside the White House. [http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20050926/ap_on_re_us/war_demonstrations_8 (Yahoo! News)]
- Northern Ireland peace process: Retired Canadian general and present Chairman John de Chastelain of the Independent International Commission on Decommissioning announces in a Belfast, Northern Ireland press conference that the weapons, ammunition, and explosives of the Provisional Irish Republican Army have been "put beyond use". "We are satisfied that the arms decommissioned represent the totality of the IRA's arsenal.", the general said. Unionists, such as Ian Paisley, have expressed cynicism. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/4283444.stm (BBC)]. [http://www.rte.ie/news/2005/0926/northpolitics.html (RTÉ)]
- Imad Yarkas is convicted in Spain of conspiracy with al-Qaeda in the September 11, 2001 attacks and sentenced to 27 years. Driss Chebli, was convicted of collaborating with a terrorist group and sentenced to six years, Al Jazeera journalist Tayser Allouni was also convicted of collaborating with a terrorist group and sentenced to seven years, while Ghasoub al-Abrash Ghalyoun was acquitted on all counts. [http://news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/ap/20050926/ap_on_re_eu/spain_sept11_trial (AP)]
- Conflict in Iraq:
  - Five school teachers were killed in an insurgent attack in Iskandariya, south of Baghdad. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4283344.stm (BBC)]
  - At least 7 people die when a car-bomb explodes as they queued at the police academy in the Iraqi capital Baghdad. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4281744.stm (BBC)]
- Israeli-Palestinian conflict: Israeli Airstrikes on Palestinian targets continue, with the Israel Defense Forces firing missiles in Gaza, knocking out the power supply to the East of the city, the Khan Yunis refugee camp and Rafah. Hamas had earlier declared an end to rocket attacks following pressure from the Palestinian National Authority and Egypt. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4281916.stm (BBC)]
- An Israeli citizen from a Israeli settlement east of Jerusalem was found murdered in Ramallah after Hamas killed the man they accused of being a member of the Shabak. [http://web.israelinsider.com/Articles/Security/6709.htm (Israeli Insider)], [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4284216.stm (BBC)]
- Kitzmiller et al. v. Dover Area School District is the first direct challenge brought in United States federal courts against a public school district curriculum mandating the teaching of intelligent design as an alternative to evolution. Opening arguments are set for today in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania District Court. [http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-dover26sep26,0,4324588.story?coll=la-tot-promo&track=morenews (LA Times)] [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/26/AR2005092600149.html (AP)]

25 September 2005 (Sunday)


- American psychiatrist and best-selling author M. Scott Peck, M.D. Dies after suffering from Parkinson's disease and pancreatic and liver duct cancer. Peck, 69, was the author of The Road Less Traveled. [http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/28/books/28peck.html (New York Times)], [http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4868067 (NPR)]
- 2005 northern Peru earthquake: A magnitude 7.5 earthquake, the strongest in the country in four years, strikes northern Peru, with at least four persons reported dead. [http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/americas/09/26/peru.quake/index.html (CNN)]
- Renault driver Fernando Alonso becomes the youngest ever Formula One champion when finishing 3rd behind McLaren rivals Juan Pablo Montoya and Kimi Räikkönen in the 2005 Brazilian Grand Prix [http://www.f1racing.net/en/news.php?newsID=99343 (F1Racing.net)]
- Polish parliamentary election, 2005: As predicted by polls, support for Prime Minister Marek Belka's post-communist Alliance of the Democratic Left drops sharply to about 11%, while center-right opposition parties Law and Justice and Citizens Platform will obtain about 28% and 26%, respectively. [http://wiadomosci.onet.pl/1169261,11,item.html (onet.pl [Polish])] [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4279562.stm (BBC)]
- Swiss voters approve a referendum by 56% to 44% to allow citizens from the 10 newest European Union member countries to travel and work in Switzerland. Quotas will be applied until 2011 on the number of people allowed to settle. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4280462.stm (BBC)]
- Conflict in Iraq:
  - At least four Shia Muslims, believed to be members of the Mahdi Army are killed by US soldiers in a gunfight following a US raid into Sadr City, eastern Baghdad. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4279988.stm (BBC)]
  - Nine people die following a bomb attack on a police station in Hilla. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4279988.stm (BBC)]
- Conflict in Afghanistan: 5 US soldiers die when a Chinook helicopter crashes in Zabul, southern Afghanistan. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4279858.stm (BBC)]
- Over 100,000 people attend Anti Iraq War rally held in Washington D.C.. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4278960.stm (BBC)]
- Israeli-Palestinian Conflict:
  - The Israeli Defense Force launches Operation First Rain, a series of air strikes on Palestiniantargets in the Gaza Strip, including an alleged Hamas weapons factory and a children's school. According to Israel the operation's goal is to stop shelling of southern Israeli towns and villages by Palestinian militants, though several civilians have been injured, including an infant. At least 200 Palestinians have been arrested in overnight IDF raids in the West Bank. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4280262.stm (BBC)] [http://www.guardian.co.uk/worldlatest/story/0,1280,-5301572,00.html (The Guardian)] [http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3146657,00.html (YNETnews)] [http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/5E9E8634-35C4-4F72-BD41-D1A1C3B50C83.htm (Al Jazeera)]
- Eurobasket 2005: Greece beats Germany 78 to 62 and wins for the second time in its history the Eurobasket.

24 September 2005 (Saturday)


- Unofficial reports from Hong Kong say the second Chinese human spaceflight, Shenzhou 6, is expected to launch October 13 carrying two astronauts on a five day mission. [http://www.rednova.com/news/space/250050/china_prepares_for_shenzhou_vi_space_flight_13_october_/ (RedNova News)]
- Human Rights Watch reports whistleblowers accuse U.S. troops of routinely torturing Iraqi prisoners and declining to investigate complaints. [http://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2005/09/25/usint11776.htm (Human Rights Watch)], [http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=30399 (IPS news)], [http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2005-09-24-airborneaccused_x.htm (USA Today)] [http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/24/politics/24abuse.html (NYT)]
- Israeli-Palestinian Conflict:
  - The Israeli Military stations troops and artillery on the edge of Gaza and seals the borders of the Gaza Strip and West Bank. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4280262.stm (BBC)]
  - At least five Israelis are injured after Palestinian militants fire some 30 Qassam rockets from the Gaza Strip on Israeli communities. [http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=1127442021863 (The Jerusalem Post)] [http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3146445,00.html (YNETnews)]
  - Four Hamas militants are killed after the Israeli Air Force launches air strikes on Hamas targets in the Gaza Strip. [http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=1155220 (ABC News)] [http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=1127528430593 (The Jerusalem Post)]
- Hurricane Rita makes landfall as a Category 3 hurricane on the Texas - Louisiana border at 2:38 am CDT . The storm was downgraded within four hours to Category 2. As of 10 pm CDT (0300 UTC, September 25), the center of Tropical Depression Rita was located on land 40 miles (65 km) north of Shreveport, Louisiana. Rita was moving north at 10 mph (16 km/h) with maximum sustained winds of 35 mph (55 km/h) ([http://www.cnn.com/2005/WEATHER/09/24/rita/ CNN])
- Hundreds of thousands of people protest wars in the September 24, 2005 anti-war protest

23 September 2005 (Friday)


- Filiberto Ojeda Rios is killed following a shoot out with the FBI. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4278232.stm (BBC)]
- Lester Crawford, U.S. Food and Drug Administration Commissioner resigns; citing old age. Critics accuse Crawford of incompetence regarding Vioxx, cloned beef, approval of malfunctioning heart devices, and alleged corruption. He served two months in office. [http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20050923/ap_on_go_ca_st_pe/fda_commissioner_resigns (AP on Yahoo!)]
- Israeli-Palestinian Conflict:
  - At least 10 Palestinians die and 80 are injured when a truck carrying home-made explosives explodes during a Friday salat parade organised by Hamas. Hamas blames Israel, claiming an Israeli plane blew up the vehicle, while Israel and the Palestinian Authority blames Hamas. [http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=1127442022033 (Jerusalem Post)], [http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=1153369 (ABC News)]
  - 3 Palestinian gunmen are killed following an Israeli military incursion into the West Bank. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4274214.stm (BBC)]
  - At least 3 Qassam rockets fired from the Gaza Strip hit the Israeli town of Sderot. The Palestinian Islamic Jihad claims responsibility, saying it fired 10 rockets at Israel. [http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=1127442021863 (The Jerusalem Post)] [http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/628573.html (Ha'aretz)]
  - A United Nations report says that since 2000 61 Palestinian women have given birth while delayed at Israeli checkpoints, resulting in 36 newborn deaths.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4274400.stm (BBC)], [http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/N22382704.htm (Reuters)], [http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/border-wait-leads-to-risky-births/2005/09/23/1126982230870.html (Sydney Morning Herald)]
- Conflict in Iraq: Five Iraqis, including three members of the Iraqi Turkmen Front, die following a bomb on minibus in the capital Baghdad. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4274862.stm (BBC)]
- Hurricane Rita: 24 mostly elderly people are feared dead after a bus evacuating them from the path of the hurricane caught fire. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4275484.stm (BBC)]
- Earl Krugel, a leader of the Jewish Defence League, is sentenced to 20 years in prison after pleading guilty to a plot to blow up a Mosque in Los Angeles and Lebanese-American congressman (Darrell Issa)s' office. His co-accused, Irv Rubin, committed suicide in 2002. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4273790.stm (BBC)] [http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=1127355601996 (Jerusalem Post)]
- German election 2005: After talks between CDU/CSU and Alliance 90/The Greens, a "Jamaica coalition" between conservatives, liberals and greens is ruled out.

22 September 2005 (Thursday)


- Australia agrees to fund Indonesia's response to avian influenza by providing anti-viral drugs to protect health workers in the event of a pandemic and contributing to a World Health Organisation team being sent to Jakarta. The Federal Opposition foreign affairs spokesman, Kevin Rudd, urged the Australian Government to further co-operate with regional states by calling for a regional summit on the issue. [http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200509/s1466282.htm (ABC)] [http://dsl.optusnet.com.au/news/story/abc/20050923/15/domestic/1466838.inp (ABC)]
- The U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary votes 13 to 5 for the nomination of John G. Roberts as Chief Justice of the United States. The appointment needs approval of the entire Senate, and that vote is expected during the week of September 26.[http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20050922/ap_on_go_su_co/roberts_10;_ylt=AsUsp_manFCA8NDv6VbzA6puCM0A;_ylu=X3oDMTBiMW04NW9mBHNlYwMlJVRPUCUl (AP via Yahoo!)]
- Verkhovna Rada (the Parliament of Ukraine) approves Yuriy Yekhanurov as the country's new Prime Minister. [http://www.voanews.com/english/2005-09-22-voa22.cfm (VOA)], [http://edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/09/22/ukraine.pm.ap/ (CNN)], [http://today.reuters.com/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=worldNews&storyID=2005-09-22T135300Z_01_SCH233287_RTRUKOC_0_US-UKRAINE-VOTE.xml&archived=False (Reuters)], [http://www.cbc.ca/story/world/national/2005/09/22/Ukraine_PM20050922.html (CBC)], [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4270694.stm (BBC)]
- Six people die and 20 are injured in two bomb blasts in the Pakistani city of Lahore. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4270530.stm (BBC)]

21 September 2005 (Wednesday)


- JetBlue Airways Flight 292 en route to New York from Burbank, California, experiences nose gear malfunctions shortly after takeoff when the nose wheels rotated 90 degrees to the left. The Airbus A320-232 circles Los Angeles to burn off fuel before landing at Los Angeles Airport without serious incident or injury.[http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-092105plane_lat,0,3067510.story?coll=la-home-headlines (Los Angeles Times)]
- Hurricane Rita reaches Category 5 intensity, the third most intense in recorded history. The current path tracks landfall at Galveston, Texas on Saturday. The inbound causeway to the Island has been closed and mandatory evacuation has been ordered. Residents on the Gulf Coast south of Galveston are urged to evacuate. [http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/ssistory.mpl/topstory/3364562 (Houston Chronicle)][http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/text/refresh/MIATCUAT3+shtml/211955.shtml (NHC)]
- At least 50 people die following a series of storms and floods that hit the Bay of Bengal in Bangladesh and India; many more are missing, and officials fear for the safety of over a hundred fishermen. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4266580.stm (BBC)]
- South Thailand insurgency: Two Thai soldiers were taken hostage and subsequently murdered. [http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/169465/1/.html (CNA)]

20 September 2005 (Tuesday)


- Conflict in Iraq: Five U.S. troops die following three insurgent attacks, two in Ramadi and one in Baghdad. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4263150.stm (BBC)]
- North Korea announces that its offer to end its nuclear arms program is dependent on it being allowed to build a civilian nuclear reactor. [http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2005/s1464076.h (ABC)], [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4261284.stm (BBC)]
- 14 Indian soldiers die following an insurgent attack in the eastern state of Manipur. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4263152.stm (BBC)]
- Federal elections in Germany:
  - There is still no clear course for coalition building, with deadlocks for all possible coalitions.
  - Angela Merkel (CDU) and Franz Müntefering (SPD) were elected chairpersons of their respective Parliamentary parties.
  - German green politician Joschka Fischer announced his retirement from leading the Green party in the newly elected Parliament, retiring to become an "elder statesman" in the back benches. [http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/0,1518,375714,00.html Spiegel online]

19 September 2005 (Monday)


- Hurricane Rita is forecast to become a major storm in the Gulf of Mexico this week. Mayor Ray Nagin has ordered an evacuation of New Orleans. [http://khon.com/khon/display.cfm?storyID=7329 (KHON.com)], [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4262442.stm (BBC)], [http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20050919_nagin_neworleans_050918/?hub=CTVNewsAt11 (CTV)]
- Conflict in Iraq:
  - A US diplomat and three American security guards are killed following an insurgent Suicide car bomb attack in Mosul, northern Iraq. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4263150.stm (BBC)], [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/20/AR2005092000246.html (Washington Post)]
  - Two undercover UK soldiers are detained on claims they had been planting bombs, evading arrest, exchanging fire with police, killing one, and failing to stop at a checkpoint. An operation to free the two prisoners ends with civilians gathering around the tanks sent to free the prisoners and setting the tanks they were in alight. Soldiers from the tanks flee the scene while being stoned by the locals, one man, Sergeant George Long, of the Staffordshire Regiment, was seen on fire and another man was seen being surrounded and beaten by locals. One Iraqi official claimed that 150 prisoners escaped including the two soldiers. [http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2005-09/19/content_3514065.htm (China view)][http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,7374-1788560,00.html (The Times)][http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4260894.stm (BBC)] [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/19/AR2005091900572_pf.html (Washington Post)], [http://news.independent.co.uk/world/middle_east/article313848.ece (the Independent)]
  - At least 10 people, nine police and one civilian, have died following a series of explosions at a Shia festival marking the birth of the Imam Mehdi in Karbala. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4259050.stm (BBC)]
- Former president Bill Clinton under pressure from Democratic party leaders criticises President George W. Bush's policies on Iraq, Hurricane Katrina and budget deficits. [http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20050919/ts_alt_afp/usweatheriraqeconomy_050919063222 (Yahoo News)]
- Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: An Israeli judicial inquiry rules out prosecuting police officers who allegedly shot dead 13 Israeli Arabs during a violent demonstration in 2000 due to lack of sufficient evidence, as fellow soldier refused to testify against the man. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4259798.stm (BBC)] [http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/626269.html (Ha'aretz)]
- At least 154 of the dead in New Orleans were patients in hospitals and nursing homes. They represent more than 25 percent of the bodies recovered to date. [http://www.civilrights.org/issues/labor/details.cfm?id=35723 (CivilRights.org)]
- One person is injured following an apparent letter bomb attack in the British Embassy in the Croatian capital Zagreb. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4259504.stm (BBC)]
- One person dies following an apparent grenade explosion at the Kuwait information office in the Lebanese capital Beirut. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4259544.stm (BBC)]
- North Korea agrees to drop all nuclear weapons programs and return "at an early date" to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. [http://news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/ap/20050919/ap_on_re_as/koreas_nuclear (Yahoo News/AP)] [http://today.reuters.com/News/newsArticle.aspx?type=worldNews&storyID=2005-09-19T050401Z_01_YUE579659_RTRUKOC_0_US-KOREA-NORTH.xml (Reuters)]

18 September 2005 (Sunday)


- Vice Admiral Thad Allen warns that New Orleans tap water is still unfit to drink. He cautions that mayor Ray Nagin's encouragement of residents outside the French Quarter to return is "extremely problematic" at this time. [http://www.washtimes.com/national/20050918-124408-7214r.htm (Washington Times)]
- Conflict in Iraq:
  - Insurgents in the Iraqi capital of Baghdad kill three, including the Kurdish Member of Parliament, Faris Hussein. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4257224.stm (BBC)]
  - Iraqi Police uncover at least 20 bodies in the river Tigris at Balad, north of Baghdad. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4259050.stm (BBC)]
- President of Pakistan, Pervez Musharraf, addresses the American Jewish Congress, the first leader of a Muslim nation not recognizing Israel to do so. He broke bread and led salat from the Quran. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4257370.stm (BBC)]
- Taliban fighters launch a series of attacks as Afghans vote in the Afghan parliamentary election, 2005, the first legislative elections in Afghanistan in decades . [http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=topNews&storyID=2005-09-18T064519Z_01_MCC746415_RTRUKOC_0_UK-AFGHAN.xml (Reuters)]
- Federal elections are held in Germany. Provisional results give the CDU/CSU 35.2% of the vote and 225 seats, the SPD 34.3% and 222 seats, FDP 9.8% and 61 seats, the Left Party 8.7% and 54 seats, and the Green party 8.1% and 51 seats. There is likely to be several weeks of horse trading to form a workable coalition. [http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,1564,1714167,00.html (Deutsche Welle Election Night Ticker)]
- Russia wins the Fed Cup title for second straight year, beating France 3:2 in the final. [http://sports.yahoo.com/ten/news;_ylt=Ai9LwC.R6hQ_rwII0rek0m44v7YF?slug=ap-fedcupfinal&prov=ap&type=lgns (Yahoo! Sport News)]

17 September 2005 (Saturday)


- Addressing the U.N. General Assembly, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad rejects an offer from the European Union to halt its nuclear program: "The most far reaching step outside the requirements of the NPT … in keeping with Iran's inalienable right to have access to a nuclear fuel cycle."
- At least 30 people die following an explosion at a market in the Iraqi capital of Baghdad. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4256484.stm (BBC)]
- Tayseer Allouni, a reporter with Al Jazeera, is arrested by Spanish police for the second time. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4254896.stm (BBC)]
- Ariel Sharon, the Prime Minister of Israel, threatens to "make every effort not to help" the upcoming Palestinian elections if Hamas takes part. [http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20050917/wl_nm/mideast_sharon_dc (Reuters)]
- In the New Zealand general election, the Labour Party, led by Prime Minister Helen Clark, seems best placed to form a new government. Although the opposition National Party of Dr. Don Brash makes the greatest gains, these are mainly at the expense of minor parties. All the existing minor parties lose seats, with only the new Māori Party making gains. ([http://www.electionresults.govt.nz/partystatus.html Elections New Zealand])

16 September 2005 (Friday)


- Conflict in Iraq: At least 10 people died as a Shia Mosque is bombed in Tuz Khurmatu, Central Iraq. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4251390.stm (BBC)]
- Hamas hold a huge prayer rally in the now abandoned Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip, leading thousands of Palestinian Muslims in Friday Prayers (Salat ul Jum'a). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4253536.stm (BBC)]
- 87 journalists are arrested at a protest in Nepal. [http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1126879166429_12/?hub=World (CTV)]
- The President of Pakistan, Pervez Musharraf, has evoked outrage by suggesting that rape victims in Pakistan are part of a "money making concern". [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4251536.stm (BBC)]
- Hurricane Ophelia is downgraded to a tropical storm as it appears to head out to the Atlantic Ocean. [http://www.sciencedaily.com/upi/?feed=TopNews&article=UPI-1-20050916-07143300-bc-us-ophelia.xml (Science Daily)]
- The Bicentennial of the Battle of Trafalgar and the death of Admiral Lord Nelson is commemorated by a re-enactment of the 1806 waterborne state funeral procession on the River Thames in London. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/4250654.stm (BBC)]
- New Zealand prepares to go to the polls on Saturday. [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/event/index.cfm?c_id=1500891 (New Zealand Herald)]

15 September is in the Berliner format. The Guardian was (until September 2005) in the British broadsheet format, whereas the Daily Mail is a tabloid, and The Times a "compact". Berliner Zeitung and Neues Deutschland are of sizes between broadsheet and Berliner. A piece of white A4 paper is placed in front for scale.]] A tabloid is a newspaper format particularly popular in the United Kingdom. A tabloid format newspaper is roughly 23½ by 14 3/4 inches (597 mm × 375 mm) per spread. This is the smaller of two standard newspaper sizes; the larger newspapers, associated with higher-quality journalism, are called broadsheets. A third major format for newspapers is the Berliner, which is sized between the tabloid and the broadsheet. The phrase tabloid press is used to refer to newspapers focusing on less "serious" content, especially celebrities, the British Royal Family, sports, and sensationalist crime stories, though in recent years several "mainstream" newspapers have begun printing in the tabloid format (see below). The term red top (as in [http://www.visualeditors.com/forum/archive/news-international-red-tops-sweep-the-board-2447.htm News International red tops sweep the board]) is also used in Britain for these less serious newspapers, on account of the red nameplates used by most of them. Recently, three traditionally broadsheet daily newspapers—The Independent, The Times, and The Scotsman—have switched to tabloid size; due to the negative connotations of the label, these are generally referred to instead as 'compact' format.

Overview

The name seems to derive from Burroughs-Wellcome's 1884 trademark for their process of making "tablet-like" compressed pharmaceuticals. The connotation of compressed tablet was soon applied to other small things and to the "compressed' journalism that condensed stories into a simplified, easily-absorbed format. The label of "tabloid journalism" (1901) preceded the smaller sheet newspapers that contained it (1918). There are two distinct uses of the term today. The more recent usage, actually deriving from the original usage, refers to weekly or semi-weekly alternative papers in tabloid format. Many of these are essentially straightforward newspapers, publishing in tabloid format. What principally distinguishes these from the dailies, in addition to their less-frequent publication, is the fact that they are usually free to the user, relying on ad revenue, as well as the fact that they tend to concentrate more on local entertainment scenes and issues. In its traditional sense, tabloids tend to emphasise sensational stories and are reportedly prone to create their news if they feel that the subjects cannot, or will not, sue for libel. In this respect, much of the content of the tabloid press could be said to fall into the category of junk food news. This style of journalism has been exported to the United States and various other countries. In the People's Republic of China, Chinese tabloids have exploded in popularity since the mid-1990s and have tested the limits of press censorship by taking editorial positions critical of the government and for engaging in critical investigative reporting. Since 1999 all major US supermarket tabloids (as distinct from local newspapers in the tabloid format) ; i.e., the Enquirer, Star, Globe, Examiner, ¡Mira!, Sun, and Weekly World News) have been under single ownership, which some readers fear has undermined the tabloids' traditional competitiveness and has significantly altered their editorial policies and news coverage. The daily tabloids in the United States -- which date back to the founding of the New York Daily News in 1919. are slightly less overheated than their British counterparts. Since its initial purchase by Rupert Murdoch in 1976, the New York Post has become the exemplar of the brash British-style tabloid in the US, and its competition with