Bilge

The bilge is the compartment at the bottom of the hull of a ship or boat where water collects so that it may be pumped out of the vessel at a later time. By housing water in a compartment, it keeps it beneath the decks, making it safer for the crew to operate the vessel and for people to move around in strong weather. The development of bilge pumps went from buckets, to hand pumps, and now electric bilge pumps are available for even small vessels. Category:Ship construction Category:Sailing ship elements Category:Sailboat anatomy

Hull (watercraft)

A hull is the body or frame of a ship or boat. It is a central concept in water vessels. The hull is essentially what keeps the water from entering the boat and acts as the walls and floor of the vessel. Nearly all watercraft, from small boats to the largest ships adhere to one general class of hull shapes that serve the needs of stability and efficient propulsion, featuring
- horizontal cross-sections that have narrow, usually pointed, fronts (at the bow),
- smooth widening from the bow until roughly the middle (the beam), and often narrowing smoothly but usually significantly to the extreme end (the stern), whose width may range from a large to an insignificant fraction of the beam width), and
- characteristic vertical cross-sections perpendicular to the beam. Such a cross section will usually feature
- an open top on a small boat (kayaks being the most familar exceptions), or a level deck (with various superstructures) on large boats or on ships,
- below that level, possibly widening and/or narrowing to some extent, smoothly, down the relatively sharp bend called the "knees",
- below the knees, either having a relatively flat bottom or narrowing smoothly to an angled seam at the center, and
- usually featuring either a keel or retractable centerboard at that centerline, or retractable sideboards roughly vertical and close to the most vertical portion of the hull. Nevertheless, other general shapes are feasible; the coracle is a relatively extreme example, and many cargo barges, with all cross-sections close to rectangular, are a radical departure from both the coracle and the tapered hulls described above. Large ships have a bulbous bow to reduce effective drag and thus increase fuel efficiency. Especially important in hulls constructed from materials that are denser than water, such as steel, the hull traps a volume of air that lowers the overall density of the vessel, providing buoyancy so it floats. Hulls constructed of materials that are less dense than water, such as some types of wood, will float even when full of water, barring sufficient weight of heavier-than-water cargo and superstructure. Hulls of the earliest design are thought to have each consisted of a hollowed out tree bole: in effect the first canoes. Hull construction then proceeded to keeled hulls, use of ballast, and on to modern double steel hulls with waterproof sections. In the case of new sailing-ship designs as of 2004, hulls are often made of layers of foam and plastic, forming composite hulls, with a minimum of weight. Variations on the single hull can be found with outriggers, and multihull craft with at least one hull nested inside the outermost one. Hull construction is usually performed in a dry dock or on a slipway.

Boat

A boat is a watercraft, usually smaller than most ships. Some boats are commonly carried by a ship or on land using trailers. A boat consists of one or more buoyancy structures called hulls and some system of propulsion, such as a screw, oars, paddles, a setting pole, a sail, paddlewheels or a water jet.

Parts of a Boat

The roughly horizontal but cambered structures spanning the hull of the boat are referred to as the "deck". In a ship, there would be several but a boat is unlikely to have more than one. The similar but usually lighter structure which spans a raised cabin is a coarch-roof. The "floor" of a cabin is properly known as the sole but is more likely to be called the floor. (A floor is properly, a structural member which ties a frame to the keelson and keel.) The underside of a deck is the deck head. The vertical surfaces dividing the internal space are "bulkheads". Some are important parts of the vessel's structure. The front of a boat is called the bow or prow. The rear of the boat is called the stern. The right side is starboard and the left side is port. It is somewhat risible in modern practice to call the command area of a large boat the "bridge". It is the cockpit or wheelhouse, depending on its design. The compartments housing a toilet, and the toilet itself, are known as the "heads", and a trip to this area is a "head call". In the old days, cordage intended for the delicate hands of a yacht's owner was of linen, later cotton. Therefore cordage used to control a sailing boat, tends to be referred to as "line" rather than rope. Most have specific names, but in general, lines used for raising things like sails and flags are "halyards" while the principal ones for adjusting the positions of the sails are called "sheets". All the lines and wire collectively are referred to as "rigging". That which is set up in the yard and left is standing rigging. That which is adjustable in use is running rigging. For example, a forestay is standing rigging and a sheet or a halyard is part of the running rigging.

Types of Boats

water jet
- Bangca
- Bateau
- Barge
- Cabin Cruiser
- Canoe
- Catamaran
- Cape Islander
- Catboat
- Coracle
- Cruiser
- Cutter
- Dhow
- Dinghy
- Dory
- Durham Boat
- Dutch Barge
- Felucca
- Ferry
- Folding boat
- Go-fast boat
- Gondola
- Houseboat
- Inflatable boat Inflatable boat]
- Jetboat, Jetski
- Jonsboat
- Junk
- Kayak
- Ketch
- Lifeboat
- Log boat
- Luxemotor
- Motorboat
- Narrowboat
- Norfolk wherry
- Outrigger canoe
- Padded V-hull
- Pinnace
- Pirogue
- Powerboat Powerboat
- Raft
- Rigid-hulled inflatable boat (RIB)
- Rowboat, rowing boat
- Sailboat, sailing boat
- Sampan
- Schooner
- Scow
- Sharpie
- Skiff
- Sloop
- Submarine
- Swift boat
- Tjalk
- Trimaran
- Tugboat
- U-boat
- Water taxi
- Whaleboat
- Yacht
- Yawl Yawl

Unusual types of boats

Unusual floating vehicles have been used for sports purposes as well. For example, the Bathtub Boat is used in "bathtub races" in many cities, although it originated in Nanaimo, BC, Canada.

Unusual uses of the word "Boat"

- Often in rowing as a racing-type competitive sport, "boat" means the crew and "shell" means the craft. So a university might refer to its first boat, meaning the rowers who make up their best team, rather than their best piece of equipment.
- A submarine is generally referred to as a boat rather than a ship. This dates from the early days of submarine warfare, when submarines were essentially motor torpedo boats which could submerge. In the modern combat environment where a typical attack submarine is the size of a destroyer and equipped with either a nuclear reactor or air independent propulsion which can allow it to stay submerged for months or weeks (and boomers are even larger, on the order of old-style battleships), this use is something of an anachronism.
- A ship can be informally known as a boat, especially by its crew. This use is uncommon in the case of a warship.
- In Great Lakes shipping, "boat" refers to any vessel, even one which would normally be considered a "ship" on the ocean.
- In some versions of cockney rhyming slang, "boat" means face, from "boat race".
- The term "gravy boat" is used to describe a small jug used to dispense meat gravy at the dining table. Similarly: "sauce boat".
- A boat can also be one of the massive cars manufactured in America from the 1950s through the 1970s.
- A boat, short for full-boat is another term for a full-house in the card game poker.

External links

- [http://www.boatingdir.com Boating Directory]
- [http://www.cronab.demon.co.uk/china.htm The Rise and Fall of 15th Century Chinese Seapower]
- [http://www.barges.org DBA - Dutch Barge Association] Living aboard ex-commercial barges or any other type of broad-beam inland waterways craft Category:Vehicles Category:Water transport
- ja:船 simple:Boat

Vessel

:See also Wessel for persons with that similarly pronounced surname. Vessel can refer to any of the following:

Objects

- Vessel (French vaisseau, from a rare Latin vascellum, diminuitive of vas), a word of somewhat wide application for many objects such as vas differens, the meaning common to them being capacity to hold or contain something.
- Thus it is a general term for any utensil capable of containing liquids, and for those tubular structures in anatomy, such as the arteries, veins or lymphatics, which contain, secrete or circulate the blood or lymph. Organs or structures which are largely supplied with vessels are said to be vascular (Latin vasculum, another diminutive of vas).
- Vessel (as in French vaisseau) is also a general term for all craft capable of floating on water larger than a rowing boat, such as ships.
- A pressure vessel is a vessel that is subject to either internal or external pressure. This definition generally includes air receivers, heat exchangers, evaporators, steam type sterilisers and autoclaves.

Persons

A metaphorical vessel, especially in the usage of centuries before the twentieth, is also a term for a person:
- who, like a bottle, is a means of delivery with relatively little independent significance, e.g., a "chosen vessel" regarded as the recipient of some Divine dispensation, or
- "contains" some quality in abundance, e.g., a "vessel of wrath" or "vessel of iniquity" Category:Containers

Bucket

:This article is about the physical container. For uses in the field of computing see Bucket (computing). Bucket (computing) and spout.]] spout.]] A bucket, also called a pail, is a waterproof, vertical cylinder, open at the top and with a solid bottom, usually attached to a carrying handle and usually wider at the top. Buckets have been used since very ancient times, mainly for transporting water from a fountain or well into permanent reservoirs such as water holes and barrels. At one time it was common for workers to carry food in a bucket and it was called a "lunch bucket" or "lunch pail". Following this practice, manufacturers began to construct buckets and other containers specifically for carrying food. See: lunchbox. Bucket is also a mobile compartment for minerals and materials - mainly sand, dirt, minerals, and liquids (water). It enables storing, as well as rapid filling and emptying. Bucket is also used to denote the scoop installed on a front loader, backhoe, or other industrial equipment. Bucket is also a data structure in computer science, and is a specific type of bag (an unordered set). Bucket can also be used as slang to describe an older car, such a used [car] that one might get from one's parents.

Category:Ship construction

The category includes articles related to construction of ships, boats, and other kinds of water transport. Category:Ships Category:Water transport Category:Construction Category:Sailing Category:Yachting

Category:Sailboat anatomy

Sailboat Anatomy aims to capture all the technical terms associated with the parts of a Sailing Dinghy/Boat/Ship/Yacht/Merchant man etc. Category:Sail Category:Sailing Category:Yachting Category:Ship construction

JNOV

Judgment notwithstanding the verdict, or J.N.O.V. for short (English "Judgment" + Latin Non Obstante Veredicto) is the practice in American courts whereby the presiding judge in a civil case may overrule the decision of a jury and reverse or amend their verdict. Requested in civil cases, this remedy permits the judge to exercise discretion to alter a judgment which cannot stand as a matter of law. A losing attorney's motion for a J.N.O.V. is rarely granted by judges, and only in cases, for example, where a jury awards civil damages that are grossly excessive, grossly inadequate, or wholly unsupportable by law. In criminal cases in the U.S., only the defendant (and not the prosecution) may move for a J.N.O.V. See the Seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution which provides that "no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law." This amendment, part of the United States Bill of Rights, was adopted in reaction to the practice of the British colonial courts which would often overrule verdicts handed up by colonial jurymen. Category:United States law

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