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| Wladyslaw Gomulka |
Wladyslaw Gomulka]
Władysław Gomułka (February 6, 1905, Krosno – September 1, 1982) was a Polish Communist leader. He was a member of the Communist Party of Poland (Komunistyczna Partia Polski, KPP) starting in 1926.
He survived the Great Purge of 1938, in which most members of KPP perished at the hands of Stalin's regime. He became one of the most important Polish Communists and in 1943 he convinced Stalin that some kind of Polish Communist party was to be restored and subsequently took part in creating the Polish Workers' Party (Polska Partia Robotnicza). He was a Deputy Prime Minister in the Provisional Government of Republic of Poland - Rząd Tymczasowy Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, from January to June 1945, and in the Provisional Government of National Unity - Tymczasowy Rząd Jedności Narodowej, from June 1945 to 1947. He was an important person of the Communist government at the time, helping Communists to manipulate and win the 3xTAK referenda of 1946 and the Polish legislative elections, 1947 and became, as he put it himself, "the hegemon of Poland".
However, between 1951–1954 due to skirmishes between various Party factions he was condemned as right-wing and reactionary and imprisoned, while expelled from the Polish United Workers' Party. In 1956, after the death of Bierut and the beginning of destalinization, he was rehabilitated and elected leader of the Party. Initially very popular for his reforms and seeking a "Polish way to socialism", he gradually softened his opposition to Soviet pressures.
In the 1960s he supported persecution of the Catholic Church and some party intellectuals (e.g., Kołakowski). He took part in the Warsaw Pact intervention in Czechoslovakia in 1968. At that time he was also responsible for persecuting students and intelligentsia as well as toughening censorship of the media. In 1968 he incited, however he later claimed not deliberately, the anti-Semitic propaganda campaign that was one of the outcomes of the Soviet bloc stand in aftermath of the Six-Day War.
In December 1970, a bloody clash with shipyard workers in which several dozen workers were shot to death forced his resignation. A dynamic younger man, Edward Gierek, took over the Party leadership. Gomułka was forced to retire. After his death in 1982, his negative image in the Communist propaganda was modified and some of his constructive contributions were recognized. His memoirs were first published in 1994.
See also
- History of Poland (1945-1989)
Gomulka, Wladyslaw
Gomulka, Wladyslaw
Gomulka, Wladyslaw
1905
1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar).
Events
January-April
- January 2 - Russo-Japanese War: The Russian Army surrenders at Port Arthur, China; an event which shocked the world.
- January 22 - Massacre of Russian demonstrators at the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg, one of the triggers of the abortive Russian Revolution of 1905.
- January 26 - The Cullinan Diamond is found near Pretoria, South Africa at the Premier Mine.
- February 10 - Bomb kills grand duke Sergei in Moscow
- February 18 - Tsar orders A. G. Bulygin, the new minister of internal affairs, to make a plan for representative assembly
- February 23 - Foundation of Rotary International
- February 24 - Workmen from the Italian side of the Simplon Tunnel under the Swiss Alps break through the Swiss side
- March 1 - Australian Conservative leader Richard Butler takes office as Premier of South Australia
- March 3 - Tsar Nicholas II of Russia agrees to create an elected assembly (the Duma).
- March 5 - Russian troops begin to retreat from Mukden, Manchuria after losing 100,000 troops in 3 days.
- March 10 Japanese capture of Mukden (now Shenyang) completes rout of Russian armies in Manchuria.
- March 10 - Cassie Chadwick sentenced for 14 years in Cleveland for fraud
- March 17 - Albert Einstein publishes his paper "On a heuristic viewpoint concerning the production and transformation of light" in which he explains the photoelectric effect using the notion of light quanta
- March 31 - During his visit in Morocco, German emperor William II asserts German equality with France in Morocco, triggering the Tangier (or First Moroccan) Crisis.
- April 2 - The Simplon Tunnel dedicated
- April 4 - In India, an earthquake near Kangra, kills 20,000.
- April - Albert Einstein works on the special theory of relativity as well as the theory of Brownian motion
May-October
- May 8 - In Russia, Union of Unions, an umbrella group for newly-formed Russian trade and professional organizations, is found with Paul Milyakov as its leader
- May 11 - Albert Einstein submits his doctoral dissertation "On the Motion of Small Particles..." where he explains the Brownian motion
- May 13 - Mata Hari debuts in Paris
- May 15 - Las Vegas, Nevada is founded when 110 acres (0.4 km²), in what later would become downtown, are auctioned off.
- May 27-28 - Russo-Japanese War: Battle of Tsushima - The Japanese fleet under Admiral Heihachiro Togo destroys Russian fleet under Admiral Zinovi Petrovich Rozhdestvenski in this two day battle
- June 7 - The Norwegian Parliament declares the union with Sweden dissolved, thus Norway achieves its independence.
- June 14-15 - Mutiny in the Russian ironclad Potemkin
- June 15 - Princess Margaret of Connaught marries Gustav, Crown Prince of Sweden.
- June 30 - Albert Einstein publishes the article "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" where he discovers special relativity.
- July 6 - Alfred Deakin becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the second time.
- July 11 - July 14 - first meeting of the Niagara Movement
- August 13 - Norway holds referendum in favour of dissolving the union with Sweden.
- August 20 - Lord Curzon resigns as viceroy of India
- September 1 - The Canadian province of Alberta is established from the southwestern part of the Northwest Territories.
- September 4 - The Canadian province of Saskatchewan is established.
- September 5 - Russo-Japanese War: Treaty of Portsmouth signed - In New Hampshire a treaty mediated by US President Theodore Roosevelt, is signed by victor Japan and defeated party Russia. In the agreement, Russia cedes the island of Sakhalin and port and rail rights in Manchuria to Japan.
- September 20 - Printer's strike in Moscow
- October 3 - HMS Dreadnought is laid down, revolutionizing battleship design and triggering a naval arms race.
- October 13 - St. Petersburg Soviet of worker's deputies formed
- October 17 - Russian chief minister Sergei Witte announces October Manifesto, plan for representative assembly, increased voting rights and freedom of speech, religion and association
- October 18 - Naval students demonstrate in St Petersburg
- October 26 - Sweden agrees to the repeal of the union with Norway. King Oscar II abdicates the Norwegian throne.
- October 30 - Tsar Nicholas II is forced to grant Russia's first constitution, conceding a national assembly (Duma) with limited powers.
- October 31 - Local peasants in Volokolamsk declare the Markovo Republic (Russian troops overrun it July 18 1906)
- 70 Onion Johnnies die when the steamer Hilda sinks off France.
November-December
- November 9 - The Province of Alberta, Canada holds its 1st General Election.
- November 18 - Prince Carl of Denmark becomes King Haakon VII of Norway.
- November 21 - Moscow soviet formed
- November 28 - Irish nationalist Arthur Griffith founds Sinn Féin in Dublin as a political party whose goal is the independence for all of Ireland.
- December 6 - St Petersburg soviet calls for a general strike
- December 8 - Armed uprising in Moscow is defeated
- December 9 - In Novorossiisk in Siberia, local Socialist Soviet declares independence. 19 days later Russian artillery forces them to surrender
- December 30 - Bomb kills Frank Steunenberg, ex-governor of Idaho. Case leads to a trial again
Births
January-April
- January 2 - Michael Tippett, English composer (d. 1998)
- January 3 - Anna May Wong, American actress (d. 1961)
- January 12 - Tex Ritter, American actor and singer (d. 1974)
- January 18 - Joseph Bonanno, American gangster (d. 2002)
- January 21 - Christian Dior, French couturier (d. 1957)
- January 26 - Charles Lane, American actor
- January 26 - Maria von Trapp, Austrian singer (d. 1987)
- January 29 - Barnett Newman, American painter (d. 1970)
- January 31 - John O'Hara, American writer (d. 1970)
- February 1 - Emilio G. Segrè, Italian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1989)
- February 2 - Ayn Rand, American author (d. 1982)
- February 7 - Paul Nizan, French author (d. 1940)
- February 14 - Thelma Ritter, American actress (d. 1969)
- February 15 - Harold Arlen, American composer of popular music (d. 1986)
- February 23 - Derrick Henry Lehmer, American mathematician (d. 1991)
- February 27 - Franchot Tone, American actor (d. 1968)
- March 6 - Bob Wills, American singer (d. 1975)
- March 15 - Berthold Graf Schenk von Stauffenberg, German lawyer and Nazi opponent (d. 1944)
- March 16 - Elisabeth Flickenschildt, German actress (d. 1977)
- March 18 - Thomas Townsend Brown, American scientist (d. 1985)
- March 18 - Robert Donat, English actor (d. 1958)
- March 18 - Benny Friedman, American football player (d. 1982)
- March 19 - Albert Speer, Nazi official (d. 1981)
- March 23 - Lale Andersen, German singer (d. 1972)
- March 23 - Joan Crawford, American actress (d. 1977)
- March 27 - Elsie MacGill, Canadian aeronautical engineer (d. 1980)
- April 18 - George H. Hitchings, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1998)
- April 21 - Edmund G. Brown, Govenor of California (d. 1996)
May-August
- May 3 - Sebastian Shaw, English actor (d. 1994)
- May 8 - Red Nichols, American jazz musician (d. 1965)
- May 15 - Joseph Cotten, American actor (d. 1994)
- May 16 - Henry Fonda, American actor (d. 1982)
- June 12 - Ray Barbuti, American athlete (d. 1975)
- July 4 - Irving Johnson, American sail training pioneer (d. 1991)
- July 5 - Jock Cameron, South African cricketer (d. 1935)
- July 12 - Edward Bernds, American director (d. 2000)
- July 12 - Prince John of the United Kingdom (d. 1919)
- July 15 - Dorothy Fields, American songwriter (d. 1988)
- July 22 - Doc Cramer, Major League Baseball player (d. 1990)
- July 25 - Elias Canetti, Bulgarian-born British writer (d. 1994)
- July 29 - Dag Hammarskjöld, Swedish United Nations Secretary-General, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1961)
- August 2 - Karl Amadeus Hartmann, German composer (d. 1963)
- August 3 - Franz König, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Vienna (d. 2004)
- August 8 - André Jolivet, French composer (d. 1974)
- August 11 - Erwin Chargaff, Austrian biochemist (d. 2002)
- August 16 - Marian Rejewski, Polish mathematician and cryptologist (d. 1980)
- August 20 - Jean Gebser, author, linguist and poet (d. 1973)
- August 21 - Friz Freleng, American animator (d. 1995)
- August 23 - Constant Lambert, British composer (d. 1951)
- August 29 - Dhyan Chand, Indian hockey legend. (d. 1979)
- August 31 - Dore Schary, American film writer, director, and producer (d. 1980)
September-December
- September 1 - Elvera Sanchez, Puerto Rican dancer (d.2000)
- September 3 - Carl David Anderson, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
- September 18 - Eddie Anderson, American actor (d. 1977)
- September 18 - Greta Garbo, Swedish actress (d. 1990)
- September 22 - Eugen Sänger, Austrian aerospace engineer (d. 1964)
- September 24 - Severo Ochoa, Spanish–American biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993)
- September 30 - Savitri Devi, Greek writer and philosopher (d. 1982)
- September 30 - Nevill Francis Mott, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)
- September 30 - Michael Powell, British director (d. 1990)
- October 5 - Helen Wills Moody, American tennis player (d. 1998)
- October 23 - Felix Bloch, Swiss-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1983)
- November 7 - William Alwyn, English composer (d. 1985)
- November 9 - Erika Mann, German writer and oldest daughter of Thomas Mann (d. 1969)
- November 15 - Mantovani, Italian-born conductor and arranger (d. 1980)
- November 17 - Queen Astrid of Belgium (d. 1935)
- November 26 - Bob Johnson, baseball player (d. 1982)
- December 11 - Gilbert Rowland, Mexican-born American actor (d. 1994)
- December 24 - Howard Hughes, American film maker, industrialist, aircraft designer, and airline founder (d. 1976)
- December 27 - Leonard Goldenson, American television executive (d. 1999)
- December 30 - Jule Styne, English-born composer (d. 1994)
Unknown dates
- Sada Abe, Japanese actress (d. 1970)
Deaths
- January 14 - Ernst Abbe, German physicist (b. 1840)
- January 19 - Debendranath Tagore, Indian philosopher (b. 1817)
- February 4 - Louis-Ernest Barrias, French sculptor (b. 1841)
- March 6 - John Henninger Reagan, American Confederate politician (b. 1818)
- March 24 - Jules Verne, French author (b. 1828)
- June 22 - Francis Lubbock, Governor of Texas (b. 1815)
- July 8 - Walter Kittredge, American musician and composer (b. 1834)
- August 14 - Simeon Solomon, British artist (b. 1840)
- September 18 - George MacDonald, Scottish author and poet, Christian minister (b. 1824)
- October 13 - Henry Irving, English actor (b. 1838)
- October 29 - Étienne Desmarteau, Canadian athlete (b. 1873)
- Muhammad Abduh, Egyptian philosopher and jurist (b. 1849)
Nobel Prizes
- Physics - Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard
- Chemistry - Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer
- Physiology or Medicine - Robert Koch
- Literature - Henryk Sienkiewicz
- Peace - Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita Von Suttner
Category:1905
September 1September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years). There are 121 days remaining.
Events
- 5509 BC - The world was created, according to the Byzantine Empire.
- 462 - possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle
- 1532 - Lady Anne Boleyn is created Marchioness of Pembroke by her fiancée, King Henry VIII of England
- 1644 - Battle of Tippermuir, Montrose defeats Elcho's Covenanters, reviving Royalist cause
- 1715 - King Louis XIV of France dies after a reign of 72 years — the longest of any major European monarch.
- 1752 - The Liberty Bell arrives in Philadelphia.
- 1772 - Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa founded in San Luis Obispo, California.
- 1804 - Juno, one of the largest main belt asteroids, was discovered by German astronomer Karl Ludwig Harding.
- 1807 - Former US Vice President Aaron Burr is acquitted of treason.
- 1836 - Narcissa Whitman, one of the first white women to settle west of the Rocky Mountains, arrives at Walla Walla, Washington.
- 1862 - American Civil War: Battle of Chantilly - Confederate forces attack retreating Union troops in Chantilly, Virginia.
- 1864 - American Civil War: Confederate General John Bell Hood evacuates Atlanta, Georgia after a four-month siege by General Sherman.
- 1873 - Cetshwayo ascends to the throne as king of the Zulu nation following the death of his father Mpande.
- 1875 - A murder conviction effectively forces the violent Irish anti-owner coal miners, the "Molly Maguires", to disband.
- 1894 - Great Hinckley Fire: A forest fire in Hinckley, Minnesota, kills more than 400 people.
- 1897 - The Boston subway opens, becoming the first underground metro in North America.
- 1905 - Alberta and Saskatchewan join the Canadian confederation.
- 1906 - the International Federation of Intellectual Property Attorneys (FICPI) is established.
- 1914 - St. Petersburg, Russia changes its name to Petrograd.
- 1914 - The last Passenger Pigeon, a female named Martha, dies in captivity in the Cincinnati Zoo.
- 1923 - The Great Kantō earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing about 100,000 people.
- 1928 - Ahmet Zogu declares Albania to be a monarchy and proclaims himself king.
- 1939 - World War II: Nazi Germany attacks Poland, beginning the war. (See Polish September Campaign.)
- 1939 - George C. Marshall becomes Chief of Staff of the United States Army.
- 1939 - The Wound Badge for Wehrmacht and SS soldiers is instituted.
- 1951 - The United States, Australia and New Zealand sign a mutual defense pact, called the ANZUS Treaty.
- 1954 - Paul "Bear" Bryant opens his infamous 10-day football mini-camp in Junction, Texas: The Junction Boys.
- 1960 - Disgruntled railroad workers effectively halt operations of the Pennsylvania Railroad, marking the first shutdown in the history of the company.
- 1962 - Channel Television launches to 54,000 households in the Channel Islands.
- 1969 - A coup in Libya brings Col. Moammar Qaddafi to power, ousting King Idris I.
- 1970 - The last episode of the television sitcom I Dream of Jeannie airs on NBC. The show premiered on September 18, 1965.
- 1972 - In Reykjavík, Iceland, American Bobby Fischer beats Russian Boris Spassky and becomes the world chess champion.
- 1975 - The last original episode of the American television series Gunsmoke airs on CBS after a record 20-year run.
- 1979 - The American Pioneer 11 becomes the first spacecraft to visit Saturn when it passes the planet at a distance of 21,000 km.
- 1980 - Chun Doo-hwan becomes president of South Korea after the resignation of Choi Kyu-ha.
- 1983 - Cold War: Korean Air Flight KAL-007 is shot down by a Soviet Union jet fighter when the commercial aircraft enters Soviet airspace. All 269 on board are killed.
- 1990 - The Communist Labour Party of Turkey/Leninist is founded, following a split from the Communist Labour Party of Turkey.
- 1985 - A joint American-French expedition locates the wreck of the RMS Titanic.
- 1991 - Uzbekistan declares independence from the Soviet Union
- 1999 - A LAPA Boeing 737-200 crashes during takeoff from Jorge Newbury Airport in Buenos Aires, killing 74, including 10 on the ground.
- 2001 - Almost every single commercial television station in Vancouver, British Columbia switches network affiliations after a round of ownership changes in 2000 - the largest change in North America.
- 2004 - The Beslan school hostage crisis begins when armed terrorists take hundreds of schoolchildren and adults hostage in the Russian town of Beslan in North Ossetia.
Births
- 1453 - Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, Spanish general and statesman (d. 1515)
- 1566 - Edward Alleyn, English actor (d. 1626)
- 1588 - Henry II, Prince of Condé, French nobleman (d. 1646)
- 1651 - Nataliya Kyrillovna Naryshkina, Tsaritsa of Russia (d. 1694)
- 1653 - Johann Pachelbel, German composer (d. 1706)
- 1711 - William Boyce, English composer (d. 1779)
- 1711 - William IV, Prince of Orange (d. 1759)
- 1726 - François-André Danican Philidor, French chess player (d. 1795)
- 1734 - Joseph Wright of Derby, English painter (d. 1797)
- 1848 - Auguste-Henri Forel, Swiss entomologist (d. 1931)
- 1854 - Engelbert Humperdinck, German composer (d. 1921)
- 1855 - Innokenty Annensky, Russian poet (d. 1909)
- 1875 - Edgar Rice Burroughs, American writer (d. 1950)
- 1877 - Francis William Aston, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1945)
- 1887 - Blaise Cendrars, Swiss writer (d. 1961)
- 1888 - Andrija Štampar, Croatian physician and World Health Organization diplomat (d. 1958)
- 1889 - Richard Arlen, American actor (d. 1976)
- 1899 - Andrei Platonov, Russian writer (d. 1951)
- 1905 - Elvera Sanchez, Puerto Rican dancer (d. 2000)
- 1906 - Joaquín Balaguer, President of the Dominican Republic (d. 2002)
- 1906 - Franz Biebl, German composer (d. 2001)
- 1907 - Walter Reuther, American labor union leader (d. 1970)
- 1913 - Christian Nyby, American director and film editor (d. 1993)
- 1920 - Richard Farnsworth, American actor (d. 2000)
- 1921 - Willem Frederik Hermans, Dutch writer (d. 1995)
- 1922 - Yvonne De Carlo, Canadian actress
- 1922 - Vittorio Gassman, Italian actor (d. 2000)
- 1923 - Rocky Marciano, American boxer (d. 1969)
- 1925 - Art Pepper, musician (d. 1982)
- 1929 - Anne Ramsey, American actress (d. 1988)
- 1933 - Ann W. Richards, American politician
- 1933 - Conway Twitty, American country music singer (d. 1993)
- 1935 - Seiji Ozawa, Japanese conductor
- 1939 - Lily Tomlin, American actress, comedienne
- 1944 - Leonard Slatkin, American conductor
- 1946 - Barry Gibb, Manx-Australian singer
- 1947 - Al Green, American politician
- 1947 - Stephen King, American author
- 1949 - P.A. Sangma, Indian politician
- 1950 - Phillip Fulmer, American football coach
- 1951 - Nicu Ceauşescu, Romanian politician
- 1952 - Phil Hendrie, American radio personality
- 1955 - Billy Blanks, American martial artist
- 1955 - Bruce Foxton, English bassist (The Jam)
- 1957 - Gloria Estefan, Cuban singer
- 1962 - Ruud Gullit, Dutch footballer
- 1966 - Tim Hardaway, American basketball player
- 1970 - Vanna, Croatian singer
- 1977 - Aaron Schobel, American football player
- 1981 - Clinton Portis, American football player
- 1983 - Jose Antonio Reyes, Spanish footballer
- 1985 - Ciara-Camile Roque Velasco, American singer
Deaths
- 921 - Richard, Duke of Burgundy
- 1067 - Baldwin V of Flanders
- 1159 - Pope Adrian IV
- 1256 - Kujo Yoritsune, Japanese shogun (b. 1218)
- 1414 - William de Ros, 7th Baron de Ros, Lord Treasurer of England (b. 1369)
- 1557 - Jacques Cartier, French explorer (b. 1491)
- 1574 - Guru Amar Das, third Sikh Guru (b. 1479)
- 1581 - Guru Ram Das, fourth Sikh Guru (b. 1534)
- 1600 - Tadeáš Hájek, Czech physician and astronomer (b. 1525)
- 1615 - Étienne Pasquier, French lawyer and man of letters (b. 1529)
- 1648 - Marin Mersenne, French mathematician (b. 1588)
- 1685 - Leoline Jenkins, Welsh lawyer and diplomat (b. 1625)
- 1687 - Henry More, English philosopher (b. 1614)
- 1715 - François Girardon, French sculptor (b. 1628)
- 1715 - King Louis XIV of France (b. 1638)
- 1943 - Charles Atangana, Cameroonian chief
- 1957 - Dennis Brain, English French horn player (b. 1921)
- 1967 - Siegfried Sassoon, English poet and author (b. 1886)
- 1969 - Drew Pearson, American newspaper columnist (b. 1897)
- 1970 - Francois Mauriac, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1885)
- 1977 - Ethel Waters, American singer and actress (b. 1896)
- 1981 - Albert Speer, Nazi official (b. 1905)
- 1981 - Haskell Curry, American mathematician (b. 1900)
- 1983 - Henry M. Jackson, U.S. Senator from Washington (b. 1912)
- 1988 - Luis Alvarez, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
- 1989 - A. Bartlett Giamatti, baseball commissioner (b. 1938)
- 1999 - W. Richard Stevens, Author of Unix Network Programming and several books and IETF RFC documents (b. 1951)
- 2003 - Sir Terry Frost, British artist (b. 1915)
- 2004 - Ahmed Kuftaro, Grand Mufti of Syria (b. 1915)
- 2005 - R.L. Burnside, American musician (b. 1926)
Holidays and observances
- In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the new liturgical year begins on September 1. Also see September 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics).
- Church of England - Saint Giles
- Cameroon - Jour d'Union Nationale Camerounaise
- Libya - Revolution Day (1969)
- Russia - Knowledge Day
- Singapore - Teacher's Day
- Slovakia - Constitution Day
- Uzbekistan - Independence Day (from USSR, 1991)
- Start of the season when oysters are fit to eat (when month names contain an "R"). Which is also the season to have a common cold.
- Start of the partridge-shooting season ("St.Partridge").
- Start of new school year in many countries.
Fiction
- In the Harry Potter books September 1, the day on which the Hogwarts Express departs from Platform 9¾, always falls on a Sunday; this means that the first day of lessons is always a Monday.
External links
- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1 BBC: On This Day]
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August 31 - September 2 - August 1 - October 1 - more historical anniversaries
ko:9월 1일
ja:9月1日
simple:September 1
th:1 กันยายน
1982
1982 (MCMLXXXII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar.
Events
January
- January 6 - William Bonin is convicted of being the "freeway killer".
- January 8 - AT&T agrees to divest itself into twenty-two subdivisions.
- January 10 - The lowest ever UK temperature of -27.2°C is recorded at Braemar, in Aberdeenshire. This equals the record set in the same place in 1895.
- January 11 - Mark Thatcher, son of the British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, disappears in the Sahara during Paris-Dakar rally. He is rescued January 14.
- January 11 to January 17 - A brutal cold snap sends temperatures to all-time record lows in dozens of cities throughout the Midwestern United States.
- January 13 - Shortly after takeoff, Air Florida Flight 90 crashes into Washington, DC's 14th Street Bridge and falls into the Potomac River, killing 78. Half an hour later, a Washington Metro train derails, killing three. It is the system's first fatal accident.
- January 17 - Cold Sunday sweeps over northern United States.
- January 26 - Mauno Koivisto elected the President of Finland.
- January 28 - James L. Dozier is rescued by Italian anti-terrorism forces after 42 days of captivity under the Red Brigades.
February
- February 1 - Senegal and Gambia form a loose confederation.
- February 2 - Hama Massacre begins in Syria.
- February 3 - Syrian president Hafez al-Assad orders army to purge the city of Harran of the Muslim Brotherhood.
- February 5 - Laker Airways collapses, leaving 6,000 passengers stranded and with debts of £270 million.
- February 15 - The oil platform Ocean Ranger sinks during a storm off the coast of Newfoundland, killing 84 rig workers.
- February 19 - The DeLorean Car factory in Belfast is put into receivership.
- February 24 - Wayne Gretzky of the Edmonton Oilers scores his 77th goal of the National Hockey League season, breaking the previous record of 76. He would go on to score 92 goals that season, which remains the record.
March
- March 1 - Jimmy Page's soundtrack album Death Wish II is released by Swan Song Records
- March 10 - The United States places an embargo on Libyan oil imports, alleging Libyan support of terrorist groups.
- March 10 - Syzygy: all 9 planets align on the same side of the Sun.
- March 18 - An Argentinean scrap metal dealer raises the Argentinean flag in South Georgia
- March 19 - Falklands War approaches: Argentines land on South Georgia Island, precipitating war.
- March 26 - A ground breaking ceremony for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial is held in Washington, DC
- March 29 - Royal Assent in London to the Canada Act 1982 sets the stage for the repatriation of the Canadian Constitution (see April 17 below).
- March 30 - Pakistan in Karachi Adeel Mansoor is born.
April
- April 2 - Falklands War begins: Argentina invades the Falkland Islands.
- April 4 - Falklands War: the British Falkland Islands government surrenders, placing the islands in Argentinean control
- April 6 - A blizzard unprecedented in size for April dumps 1-2 feet of snow on the northeastern U.S., closing schools and businesses, snarling traffic, and canceling several major league baseball games.
- April 17 - By Proclamation of the Queen of Canada on Parliament Hill, Canada repatriates its constitution, granting full political independence from the United Kingdom; included is the country's first entrenched bill of rights, called the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
- April 23 - Dennis Wardlow, Mayor of Key West, Florida, declares the independent Conch Republic for a day.
- April 25 - Israel completes withdrawing from the Sinai peninsula per the Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty.
May
- May 1 - Falklands War: A Royal Air Force Vulcan bomber takes off from Ascension Island and bombs Stanley Airport.
- May 2 - Falklands War: Nuclear submarine HMS Conqueror sinks the Argentine cruiser General Belgrano.
- The Weather Channel airs on cable television for the first time.
- May 5 - Unabomber bomb explodes in the computer science department at Vanderbilt University; secretary Janet Smith is injured.
- May 12 - Spanish priest Juan Hernandes tries to stab Pope John Paul II with a bayonet during the latter's pilgrimage to the Fatima shrine.
- May 21 - Falklands War: Royal Marines and paratroopers from the British Task Force land at San Carlos Bay on the Falkland Islands and raise the Union Jack.
- May 23 - Falklands War - HMS Antelope of the Royal Navy explodes.
- May 24 - Iranian troops retake Khorramshahr.
- May 26 - Kielder Water, artificial lake in Northumbria, opened.
- May 28 - British troops reach Darwin in the Falkland Islands
- May 29 - Falklands War: In the Battle of Goose Green, British Paratroopers defeat a larger force of Argentine troops in the first land battle of the war.
- May 30 - Spain becomes the 16th member of NATO and the first nation to enter the alliance since West Germany's admission in 1955.
- May 31 - Falklands War: Battle of Stanley.
June
- June 6 - 1982 Lebanon War begins: Forces under Israeli Defense Minister Ariel Sharon invade southern Lebanon in their "Operation Peace for the Galilee," eventually reaching as far north as the capital Beirut.
- June 6 - United Nations Security Council votes to demand that Israel withdraw its troops from Lebanon
- June 8 - President Reagan became the first American chief executive to address a joint session of the British Parliament.
- June 12 - 750,000 people rally against nuclear weapons in New York City's Central Park. Jackson Browne, James Taylor, Bruce Springsteen, and Linda Ronstadt are in attendance
- June 13 - In Alberta, Canada 15 members of the Black Leopards Karate Club demolish a house with bare hands and feet with owner's consent
- June 13 - Fahd becomes King of Saudi Arabia upon the death of his brother, Khalid.
- June 14 - Falklands War ends: British forces reach the outskirts of Stanley after "yomping" across East Falkland from San Carlos Bay. They arrive to find the Argentine forces flying white flags of surrender. A formal surrender is agreed that day.
- June 19 - The body of "God's Banker", Roberto Calvi, chairman of Banco Ambrosiano is found hanging beneath Blackfriars Bridge in London.
- June 22 - A British Airways Boeing 747 suffered a temporary four-engine flameout and damage to the exterior of the plane after flying through the otherwise undetected ash plume from Indonesia's Galunggung.
July-August
- July 1 - The Reverend Sun Myung Moon marries 4,150 of his followers at New York City's Madison Square Garden.
- July 2 - Larry Walters uses 45 helium balloons and a lawn chair to propel himself to 16,000 feet and flies from San Pedro, California to Long Beach.
- July 4 - Four Iranian diplomats have been kidnapped upon Israel invasion of Lebanon.
- July 9 - A Boeing 727 carrying Pan Am Flight 759 crashes in Kenner, Louisiana killing all 146 on board and eight on the ground
- July 9 - An intruder Michael Fagan visits the Queen in her bedroom for a chat
- July 11 - Italy beat West Germany 3-1 to win Football World Cup 1982 in Spain
- July 16 - The Reverend Sun Myung Moon is sentenced to 18 months in prison and fined $25,000 for tax fraud and conspiracy to obstruct justice.
- July 20 - The Provisional IRA detonates two bombs in central London, killing eight soldiers, wounding 47 people, and leading to the deaths of 7 horses.
- July 21- HMS Hermes, the Royal Navy flagship during the Falklands War, returns home to Portsmouth to a hero's welcome.
- July 23 - The International Whaling Commission decides to end commercial whaling by 1985-86.
- August 4 - United Nations Security Council votes to censure Israel because its troops are still in Lebanon
- August 20 - Lebanese Civil War: A multinational force lands in Beirut to oversee the PLO withdrawal from Lebanon. French troops arrive August 21, US marines August 25
September
- September 5 - Iowa paperboy Johnny Gosch kidnapped.
- September 14 - Bomb kills President-elect of Lebanon, Bashir Gemayel. His brother is elected president on September 23
- September 15 - Princess Grace of Monaco dies from injuries sustained in a car crash the previous day
- September 18 - Lebanese Christian Militia kill hundreds in the Palestinians in Sabra and Chatila refugee camps in West Beirut
- September 25 - 400,000 march in Israel demanding the resignation of Prime Minister Menachem Begin
- September 26 - Thermals take Australian parachutist Rich Collins up to 2800 meters during a jump; he almost blacks out due to lack of oxygen. He releases his main parachute to fall to lower altitude and lands by his reserve parachute
- September 29 to October 1 - The Tylenol scare is sparked after seven people in the Chicago, Illinois area die after ingesting capsules laced with potassium cyanide
October
- October 1 - Helmut Kohl replaces Helmut Schmidt as Chancellor of Germany through a Constructive Vote of No Confidence.
- October 8 - Poland bans Solidarity
- October 11 - The Mary Rose, flagship of Henry VIII of England that sank in 1545 is raised
- October 19 - John De Lorean is arrested for selling cocaine for undercover FBI agents. He was later found "not guilty", due to entrapment.
- October 28 - The Socialist Party win the election in Spain - Felipe González is elected Prime Minister
November
- November 2 - The fourth terrestrial television channel launched in the United Kingdom known as Channel 4 with the first programme broadcasted was the game show Countdown and is still in production. S4C, the Welsh equlvalent of Channel 4 launched the previous day
- November 3 - A Gasoline tanker explodes in the Salang Tunnel in Afghanistan, killing 2,000+ people.
- November 7 - The first public demonstration of the Thames Barrier
- November 12 - In the Soviet Union, former KGB head Yuri Andropov is selected to become the general secretary of the Soviet Communist Party's Central Committee, succeeding the late Leonid I. Brezhnev.
- November 13 - The Vietnam Veterans Memorial is dedicated in Washington D.C. after a march to its site by thousands of Vietnam War veterans.
- November 14 - The leader of Poland's outlawed Solidarity movement, Lech Wałęsa, is released from 11 months of internment near the Soviet border
- November 20 - Completing a wacky 57-yard kickoff return that includes five laterals, Kevin Moen runs through Stanford band members who had prematurely come onto the field. His touchdown stands and California wins 25-20.
- November 28 - Representatives from 88 countries gather in Geneva to discuss world trade and ways to work toward aspects of free trade
- November 29 - Soviet invasion of Afghanistan: The United Nations General Assembly passes United Nations Resolution 37/37, stating that the Soviet Union forces should withdraw from Afghanistan.
December
- December 2 - At the University of Utah, 61-year-old retired dentist Barney Clark becomes the first person to receive a permanent artificial heart (he lived for 112 days with the device)
- December 3 - A final soil sample is taken from the site of Times Beach, Missouri. It was found to contain 300 times the safe level of dioxin.
- December 4 - The People's Republic of China adopts its current constitution.
- December 7 - First US execution by lethal injection is carried out in Texas.
- December 12 - Women's peace protest at Greenham Common - 30,000 women hold hands and form a human chain around the 14.5 km (9 mi) perimeter fence
- December 23 - The Environmental Protection Agency recommends the evacuation of Times Beach, Missouri due to dangerous levels of dioxin contamination.
- December 26 - Time Magazine's Man of the Year was for the first time given to a non-human, a computer.
Unknown dates
- The Vietnam Memorial is built in Washington D.C.
- A brief but severe recession begins in the United States.
- Seattle officially dubbed the Emerald City after a contest held to choose a new city slogan.
- George Stigler wins The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.
- Eric Dammann / Future in Our Hands, Anwar Fazal / Consumer Interpol, Petra Kelly, Participatory Institute for Development Alternatives (PIDA) and Sir George Trevelyan / Wrekin Trust win the Right Livelihood Award.
Births
January-May
- January 1 - David Nalbandian, Argentine tennis player
- January 1 - Anna Williams, model
- January 2 - Cyrus Farivar, American journalist
- January 5 - Janica Kostelic, Croatian skier
- January 12 - Dontrelle Willis, American baseball player
- January 13 - Guillermo Coria, Argentine tennis player
- January 15 - Benjamin Agosto, American skater
- January 17 - Dwyane Wade, American basketball player
- January 19 - Jodie Sweetin, American actress
- February 9 - Ami Suzuki, Japanese singer
- February 10 - Mon Redee Sut Txi, a Malaysian athlete
- February 10 - Justin Gatlin, American athlete
- February 17 - Adriano Leite Ribeiro, Brazilian footballer (soccer player)
- February 22 - Jenna Haze, American actress
- February 28 - Andres Nuiamäe, Estonian soldier (d. 2004)
- March 2 - Ben Roethlisberger, American football player
- March 3 - Jessica Biel, American actress
- March 11 - Thora Birch, American actress
- March 25 - Danica Patrick, American race car driver
- March 25 - Sean Faris, American actor
- March 30 - Jason Dohring, American actor
- March 30 - Javier Garcia Portillo, Spanish footballer (soccer player)
- April 1 - Sam Huntington, American actor
- April 8 - Judy Star, American actress
- April 13- Donal Moynihan, Gaelic Footballer
- April 22 - Kaká, Brazilian footballer (soccer player)
- April 24- Kelly Clarkson, American singer
- April 30 - Kirsten Dunst, American actress
- May 6 - Chaylon Brewster, Canadian HipHop Producer and East Coast Music Award Winner
- May 9 - Rachel Boston, American beauty queen and actress
- May 15 - Veronica Campbell, Jamaican athlete
- May 17 - Tony Parker, French basketball player
- May 18 - Eric West, American actor and singer
- May 20 - Petr Čech, Czech footballer (soccer player)
- May 26 - Yoko Matsugane, Japanese model
June-October
- June 1 - Justine Henin-Hardenne, Belgian tennis player
- June 3 - Yelena Isinbayeva, Russian athlete
- June 8 - Nadia Petrova, Russian tennis player
- June 10 - Tara Lipinski, American figure skater
- June 11 - Diana Taurasi, American basketball player
- June 11 - Eldar Rønning, Norwegian cross-country Skier
- June 21 - Prince William of Wales
- June 25 - Mikhail Youzhny, Russian tennis player
- June 30 - Lizzy Caplan, American actress
- July 1 - Hilarie Burton, American actress and VJ
- July 8 - Sophia Bush, American actress
- July 8 - Hakim Warrick, American basketball player
- July 12 - Antonio Cassano, Italian footballer (soccer player)
- July 18 - Priyanka Chopra, Indian actress and beauty queen
- July 18 - Ryan Cabrera, American musician
- July 19 - Jared Padalecki, American actor
- July 24 - Anna Paquin, Canadian-born actress
- July 25 - Brad Renfro, American actor
- July 29 - Allison Mack, American actress
- August 2 - Hélder Postiga, Portuguese footballer (soccer player)
- August 7 - Yana Klochkova, Ukrainian swimmer
- August 8 - Roger Federer, Swiss tennis player
- August 9 - Tyson Gay, American athlete
- August 19 - Erika Christensen, American actress
- August 28 - LeAnn Rimes, American singer
- August 30 - Andy Roddick, American tennis player
- August 31 - José Manuel Reina Páez, Spanish footballer (soccer player)
- September 3 - Fearne Cotton, British television presenter
- September 4- Alessandra Rubi Streignard Villarreal, Spanish actress, model, and singer
- September 7 - Lorne Berfield, American actor
- September 9 - Ai Otsuka, Japanese singer and songwriter
- September 13 - Nenê, Brazilian basketball player
- September 22 - Billie Piper, English singer and actress
- September 27 - Lil Wayne, American rapper
- September 30 - Lacey Chabert, American actress
- October 7 - Robby Ginepri, American tennis player
- October 11 - Salim Stoudamire, American basketball player
- October 13 - Ian James Thorpe, Australian swimmer
- October 15 - Saif Saaeed Shaheen, Quatari athlete
November-December
- November 2 - Kyoko Fukada,Japanese actress, model and singer
- November 10 - Heather Matarazzo, American actress
- November 11 - Brittny Gastineau, American model and socialite
- November 12 - Anne Hathaway, American actress
- November 13 - Kumi Koda, Japanese singer
- November 29 - Ashley Force, American race car driver
- December 3 - Michael Essien, Ghanaian soccer player
- December 13 - Anthony Callea, Australian singer
- December 30 - Kristin Laura Kreuk, Canadian actress
Deaths
January-June
- January 19 - Elis Regina, Brazilian singer (b. 1945)
- January 30 - Lightning Hopkins, American musician (b. 1912)
- February 5 - Neil Aggett, South African labor leader (suicide)
- February 11 - Eleanor Powell, American dancer (b. 1912)
- February 11 - Takashi Shimura, Japanese actor (b. 1905)
- February 12 - Victor Jory, Canadian actor (b. 1902)
- February 17 - Thelonious Monk, American jazz pianist (b. 1917)
- February 17 - Lee Strasberg, American actor (b. 1901)
- March 2 - Philip K. Dick, American author (b. 1928)
- March 5 - John Belushi, American actor (b. 1949)
- March 6 - Ayn Rand, Russian-born author (b. 1905)
- March 19 - Randy Rhoads, American guitarist (b. 1956)
- March 28 - William Giauque, Canadian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1895)
- April 5 - Abe Fortas, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1910)
- April 15 - Arthur Lowe, British actor (b. 1915)
- May 1 - William Primrose, Scottish violist (b. 1903)
- May 8 - Gilles Villeneuve, Canadian race car driver (racing accident) (b. 1950)
- May 29 - Romy Schneider, Austrian actress (cardiac arrest) (b. 1938)
- June 2 - Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry, President of Pakistan (b. 1904)
- June 8 - Satchel Paige, baseball player (b. 1906)
- June 12 - Karl von Frisch, Austrian zoologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1886)
- June 14 - Arthur Coles, Australian businessman and philanthropist (b. 1892)
- June 18 - Curt Jurgens, German actor (b. 1915)
July-December
- July 29 - Vladimir Zworykin, Russian-born inventor (b. 1889)
- August 15 - Hugo Theorell, Swedish scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1903)
- August 23 - Stanford Moore, American biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1913)
- September 11 - Wilfredo Lam, Cuban artist (b. 1902)
- September 14 - Grace Patricia Kelly, American actress and Princess of Monaco (b. 1929)
- October 4 - Glenn Gould, Canadian pianist (b. 1932)
- October 8 - Philip Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker, Canadian-born peace activist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1889)
- October 18 - Bess Truman, First Lady of the United States (b. 1885)
- October 22 - Savitri Devi, French-born writer and philosopher (b. 1905)
- November 10 - Leonid Brezhnev, Premier of the Soviet Union (b. 1906)
- November 15 - Vinoba Bhave, Indian educator (b. 1895)
- November 29 - Percy Williams, Canadian athlete (b. 1908)
- December 24 - Louis Aragon, French writer (b. 1897)
Nobel Prizes
- Physics - Kenneth G. Wilson
- Chemistry - Aaron Klug
- Medicine - Sune K. Bergström, Bengt I. Samuelsson, John R. Vane
- Literature - | | |
