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William McKinley

William McKinley

:The name "Mckinley" redirects here. For other uses, see McKinley, including Mount McKinley. William McKinley (January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901) was the 25th President of the United States. He was elected twice, in 1896 and 1900, but served only part of his second term, as he was assassinated in 1901. He is remembered for presiding over a major period of expansion in U.S. territories through conquest, which included the annexation of Cuba, the Philippines, and Wake Island following the Spanish-American War, as well as the annexation of the future U.S. State of Hawaii. He was succeeded by his Vice President, Theodore Roosevelt. Born in Niles, Ohio on Sunday January 29, 1843, William McKinley was the seventh of nine children. His parents, William and Nancy (Allison) McKinley were of Scots-Irish ancestry. He attended Poland Academy, and Allegheny College, but McKinley fell ill and had to return home. While at Allegheny, McKinley joined the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity. On June 23, 1861, at the start of the American Civil War, he enlisted in the Union Army, as a private in the [http://www.ohiocivilwar.com/cw23.html Twenty-third Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry]. McKinley saw combat in several battles — for delivering rations under enemy fire at Antietam he was promoted from commissary sergeant by his commander, another future U.S. President, Rutherford B. Hayes. McKinley was again promoted several times during the war, and eventually mustered out as Captain and brevet Major of the same regiment in September 1865.

Legal and early political career

Following the war, McKinley attended Albany Law School in Albany, New York, being admitted to the bar in 1867. He commenced practice in Canton, Ohio. He was prosecuting attorney of Stark County, Ohio, from 1869 to 1871, and was elected as a Republican to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh U.S. Congress (March 4, 1877-March 3, 1883). He was chairman of the Committee on Revision of the Laws (Forty-seventh Congress). He presented his credentials as a Member-elect to the Forty-eighth Congress and served from March 4, 1883 until May 27, 1884, when he was succeeded by Jonathan H. Wallace, who successfully contested his election. McKinley was again elected to the Forty-ninth, Fiftieth, and Fifty-first Congresses (March 4, 1885-March 3, 1891). He was chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means (Fifty-first Congress). In 1890, he authored the unpopular McKinley Tariff. McKinley was an unsuccessful candidate for re-election in 1890 to the Fifty-second Congress. He was a delegate to the Republican National Conventions in 1884, 1888, and 1892. Standing for election with his running mate Andrew L. Harris, McKinley was elected Governor of Ohio in 1891, and re-elected in 1893, serving until January 13, 1896.

Presidency

William McKinley defeated William Jennings Bryan in the U.S. Presidential election of 1896, in what is considered the forerunner of modern political campaigning. Republican strategist Mark Hanna raised an unprecedented sum for the campaign and made extensive use of the media in managing the McKinley victory. In 1898, McKinley launched the trust-busting era when he appointed several Senators (and his former Lt. Governor Andrew L. Harris) to the U.S. Industrial Commission. Later, the Industrial Commission's report to Theodore Roosevelt would lay the groundwork for Roosevelt's attacks on trusts and 'malefactors of great wealth'. McKinley led the country into the Spanish-American War, bringing the former colonies of Spain in the Pacific (Guam and the Philippines) and the Caribbean Sea (Cuba and Puerto Rico) under American control. In addition, the territories of Hawaii and Wake Island were annexed during his first term. Despite some vocal domestic opposition, his administration ushered the U.S. into the "New Imperialism" of the era. He was re-elected in 1900, again beating Bryan.

Administration and Cabinet


Supreme Court appointments

McKinley appointed the following Justices to the Supreme Court of the United States:
- Joseph McKenna: 1898

Significant events during presidency


- Dingley Tariff (1897)
- Maximum Freight Case (1897)
- Spanish-American War (1898)
- Gold Standard Act (1900)

Assassination

1900 McKinley was shot by Leon F. Czolgosz, a Republican turned Anarchist, on September 6, 1901, while attending the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. He died of blood poisoning from his infected wounds at the house of John Milburn (currently, the student parking lot for Canisius High School is located on the site), at 2:15 a.m. on Saturday September 14, 1901. He was the third U.S. president to be assassinated. His body was interred in the McKinley Monument adjacent to West Lawn Cemetery in Canton, Ohio. President Theodore Roosevelt, Ohio Governor Andrew L. Harris and other speakers saluted the fallen President at the McKinley Memorial.

Trivia


- McKinley's portrait appeared on the U.S. $500 bill from 1928 to 1946.
- McKinley had a pet parrot named 'Washington Post'.
- At his inauguration, the only item of jewelry McKinley wore was his Sigma Alpha Epsilon badge.
- McKinley was the first president to use the telephone for campaign purposes.
- McKinley was the first president to ride in an automobile (the electric ambulance that took him to the hospital after he was shot).

Monuments and memorials


- McKinley Memorial, Niles, Ohio, commemorates McKinley's Birthplace
- McKinley Monument, Buffalo, New York
- McKinley County, New Mexico is named in his honor.
- Mount McKinley, Alaska is named after him.
- McKinley Statue, Arcata, California
- McKinleyville, California

Media

See also


- U.S. presidential election, 1896
- U.S. presidential election, 1900
- History of the United States (1865-1918)

References


- Stephen J. Ducat. 2004. The Wimp Factor. Boston:Beacon Press. ISBN 0807043443. p. 75

External links


-
- [http://vvl.lib.msu.edu/showfindingaid.cfm?findaidid=McKinleyW Audio clips of McKinley's speeches]
- [http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/presiden/inaug/mckin1.htm First Inaugural Address]
- [http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/presiden/inaug/mckin2.htm Second Inaugural Address]
- [http://www.ipl.org/ref/POTUS/wmckinley.html IPL POTUS -- William McKinley]
- [http://www.usa-presidents.info/mckinley.htm Biography of William McKinley]
- [http://gi.grolier.com/presidents/ea/bios/25pmcki.html Encyclopedia Americana: William McKinley]
- [http://www.mckinleymuseum.org/ William McKinley Presidential Library and Memorial]
- [http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/mckinley-1.html First State of the Union Address]
- [http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/mckinley-2.html Second State of the Union Address]
- [http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/mckinley-3.html Third State of the Union Address]
- [http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/mckinley-4.html Fourth State of the Union Address]
- [http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/wm25.html White House biography]
- [http://libcom.org/history/articles/assassination-mckinley The Assassination of President William McKinley, 1901] - an account of the killing.
- [http://www.geocities.com/wmlives/ALB1.html A Loose Bandage] (Beck Reilly) is an alternative 20th century following the failed assassination of William McKinley. McKinley, William McKinley, William McKinley, William McKinley, William McKinley, William McKinley, William McKinley, William McKinley, William McKinley, William McKinley, William McKinley, William McKinley, William McKinley, William McKinley, William McKinley, William McKinley, William McKinley, William McKinley, William ja:ウィリアム・マッキンリー

McKinley

McKinley can refer to:
- United States president William McKinley
- Fantasy author Robin McKinley
- Mount McKinley
- The Itanium 2 processor

January 29

January 29 is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 336 days remaining, (337 in leap years).

Events


- 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Pope Christopher.
- 1595 - William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet is probably first performed.
- 1676 - Feodor III becomes Tsar of Russia.
- 1814 - France defeated Russia and Prussia in the Battle of Brienne.
- 1845 - The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe is published for the first time (New York Evening Mirror).
- 1850 - Henry Clay introduces the Compromise of 1850 to the U.S. Congress.
- 1856 - Queen Victoria institutes the Victoria Cross.
- 1861 - Kansas is admitted as the 34th U.S. state.
- 1863 - Bear River Massacre
- 1886 - Karl Benz patents the first successful gasoline-driven automobile.
- 1891 - Liliuokalani is proclaimed Queen of Hawaii, its last monarch.
- 1900 - The American League is organized in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania with 8 founding teams.
- 1916 - World War I: Paris is first bombed by German zeppelins .
- 1929 - The Seeing Eye Dog organization is formed.
- 1933 - President of Germany Paul von Hindenburg appoints Adolf Hitler as Chancellor of Germany.
- 1936 - The first inductees into the Baseball Hall of Fame are announced.
- 1944 - The battleship USS Missouri is launched.
- 1944 - World War II: The Battle of Cisterna takes place in central Italy.
- 1944 - World War II: About 300 men, women, and children die in the Massacre in Koniuchy in Poland.
- 1959 - Sleeping Beauty, the last animated feature produced by Walt Disney to be based upon a fairy tale, was first released.
- 1963 - First inductees into the Pro Football Hall of Fame are announced.
- 1964 - 1964 Winter Olympic Games open in Innsbruck, Austria.
- 1958 - Police capture Charles Starkweather in Wyoming.
- 1966 - The first of 608 performances of Sweet Charity opens at the Palace Theatre in New York City.
- 1986 - Yoweri Museveni is sworn in as President of Uganda.
- 1990 - The trial of the former skipper of the Exxon Valdez, Joseph Hazelwood, begins in Anchorage, Alaska. He is accused of negligence that resulted in America's worst oil spill.
- 1995 - Super Bowl XXIX: The San Francisco 49ers defeat the San Diego Chargers 49-26 and become the first NFL team to win five Super Bowl titles.
- 1996 - President Jacques Chirac announces a "definitive end" to French nuclear testing.
- 1996 - La Fenice, Venice's opera house, is destroyed by fire.
- 1996 - First release of Duke Nukem 3D.
- 1998 - In Birmingham, Alabama, a bomb explodes at an abortion clinic, killing one and severely wounding another. Serial bomber Eric Robert Rudolph is suspected as the culprit.
- 2001 - Thousands of student protesters in Indonesia storm parliament and demand that President Abdurrahman Wahid resign due to alleged involvement in corruption scandals.
- 2002 - In his State of the Union Address, United States President George W. Bush describes "regimes that sponsor terror" as an Axis of Evil.
- 2004 - A whale explodes in the town of Tainan, Taiwan. A build-up of gas in the decomposing 56-foot long Sperm whale is suspected of causing the explosion.

Births


- 1584 - Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange (d. 1647)
- 1632 - Johann Georg Graevius, German classical scholar and critic (d. 1703)
- 1688 - Emanuel Swedenborg, Swedish scientist and philosopher (d. 1772)
- 1711 - Giuseppe Bonno, Austrian composer (d. 1788)
- 1715 - Georg Christoph Wagenseil, Austrian composer (d. 1777)
- 1717 - Jeffrey Amherst, British military leader (d. 1797)
- 1718 - Paul Rabaut, French Huguenot pastor (d. 1794)
- 1737 - Thomas Paine, American patriot (d. 1809)
- 1749 - King Christian VII of Denmark (d. 1808)
- 1754 - Moses Cleaveland, founder of the city of Cleveland (d. 1806)
- 1782 - Daniel Auber, French composer (d. 1871)
- 1843 - William McKinley, 25th President of the United States (d. 1901)
- 1860 - Anton Chekhov, Russian writer (d. 1904)
- 1862 - Frederick Delius, English composer (d. 1934)
- 1866 - Romain Rolland, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1944)
- 1874 - John D. Rockefeller Jr., American entrepreneur (d. 1960)
- 1876 - Havergal Brian, British composer (d. 1972)
- 1880 - W.C. Fields, American actor (d. 1946)
- 1885 - Leadbelly, American musician (d. 1949)
- 1891 - Elizaveta Gerdt, Russian ballerina (d. 1975)
- 1905 - Barnett Newman, American painter (d. 1970)
- 1911 - Peter von Siemens, German industrialist (d. 1986)
- 1913 - Peter von Zahn, German journalist and writer (d. 2001)
- 1915 - Victor Mature, American actor (d. 1999)
- 1918 - John Forsythe, American actor
- 1923 - Paddy Chayefsky, American writer (d. 1981)
- 1923 - Ivo Robic, Croatian singer and songwriter (d. 2000)
- 1924 - Luigi Nono, Italian composer (d. 1990)
- 1926 - Franco Cerri, Italian musician
- 1926 - Abdus Salam, Pakistani physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)
- 1927 - Edward Abbey, American environmentalist (d. 1989)
- 1928 - Lee Shau Kee, Hong Kong SAR property developer
- 1929 - Gordon Solie, wrestling announcer (d. 2000)
- 1932 - Tommy Taylor, English footballer (d. 1958)
- 1939 - Germaine Greer, Australian feminist writer
- 1940 - Katharine Ross, American actress
- 1942 - Claudine Longet, French singer and dancer
- 1945 - Tom Selleck, American actor
- 1947 - Linda B. Buck, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- 1948 - Marc Singer, Canadian actor
- 1950 - Ann Jillian, American actress
- 1950 - Jody Scheckter, South African race car driver
- 1952 - Tommy Ramone, Hungarian-born musician and record producer (The Ramones)
- 1954 - Richard 'Handsome Dick' Manitoba - American born rock singer, radio dj.
- 1954 - Oprah Winfrey, American actress, talk show host, producer, and publisher
- 1960 - Gia Carangi, American model (d. 1986)
- 1960 - Sean Kerly, British field hockey player
- 1960 - Greg Louganis, American diver
- 1960 - Steve Sax, American baseball player
- 1960 - J. G. Thirlwell, Australian-born musician
- 1962 - Nicholas Turturro, American actor
- 1964 - Andre Reed, American football player
- 1965 - Dominik Hasek, Czech hockey player
- 1966 - Romário, Brazilian footballer
- 1968 - Edward Burns, American actor
- 1969 - Thomas Jane, American actor
- 1970 - Heather Graham, American actress
- 1970 - Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore, Indian shooter
- 1973 - Jason Schmidt, baseball player
- 1975 - Sara Gilbert, American actress
- 1979 - Sui Feifei, Chinese basketball player
- 1981 - Jonny Lang, American musician

Deaths


- 1119 - Pope Gelasius II
- 1342 - Louis I, Duke of Bourbon (b. 1279)
- 1597 - Elias Ammerbach, German organist (b. 1530)
- 1608 - Frederick I, Duke of Württemberg (b. 1557)
- 1647 - Francis Meres, English writer (b. 1565)
- 1676 - Tsar Alexis I of Russia (b. 1629)
- 1678 - Jeronimo Lobo, Portuguese Jesuit missionary (b. 1593)
- 1706 - Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset, English poet and courtier (b. 1638)
- 1730 - Tsar Peter II of Russia (b. 1715)
- 1737 - George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, British soldier (b. 1666)
- 1743 - Cardinal André-Hercule de Fleury, Bishop of Fréjus, chief minister under Louis XV of France (b. 1653)
- 1763 - Louis Racine, French poet (b. 1692)
- 1820 - King George III of the United Kingdom (b. 1738)
- 1829 - Paul François Jean Nicolas Barras, French politician (b. 1755)
- 1870 - Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1797)
- 1906 - King Christian IX of Denmark (b. 1818)
- 1928 - Douglas Haig, British soldier (b. 1861)
- 1933 - Sara Teasdale, American poet (b. 1884)
- 1934 - Fritz Haber, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1868)
- 1946 - Harry Hopkins, American politician (b. 1890)
- 1951 - Frank Tarrant, Australian cricketer (b. 1880)
- 1956 - H. L. Mencken, American journalist (b. 1880)
- 1962 - Fritz Kreisler, Austrian violinist (b. 1875)
- 1963 - Robert Frost, American poet (b. 1874)
- 1964 - Alan Ladd, American actor (b. 1913)
- 1969 - Allen Dulles, American Central Intelligence Agency director (b. 1893)
- 1970 - Basil Liddell Hart, British military historian (b. 1895)
- 1977 - Buster Nupen, South African cricketer (b. 1902)
- 1977 - Freddie Prinze, American actor and comedian (b. 1954)
- 1980 - Jimmy Durante, American actor, singer, and comedian (b. 1893)
- 1986 - Leif Erickson, American actor (b. 1911)
- 1989 - Halina Konopacka Polish athlete (b. 1900)
- 1991 - Yasushi Inoue, Japanese historian (b. 1907)
- 1992 - Willie Dixon, American composer and musician (b. 1915)
- 1998 - Joseph Alioto, Mayor of San Francisco (b. 1916)
- 1999 - Lili St. Cyr, American dancer (b. 1918)
- 2002 - Dick "Night Train" Lane, American football player (b. 1928)
- 2002 - Harold Russell, Canadian-born actor (b. 1914)
- 2003 - Frank Moss, U.S. Senator from Utah (b. 1911)
- 2004 - M. M. Kaye, British writer (b. 1908)
- 2004 - Joe Viterelli, American actor (b. 1937)
- 2005 - Eric Griffiths, Welsh guitarist (The Quarrymen) (b. 1940)

External links


- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/29 BBC: On This Day]
- [http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/20050129.html The New York Times: On This Day] ---- January 28 - January 30 - December 29 - February 29 — listing of all days ko:1월 29일 ms:29 Januari ja:1月29日 simple:January 29 th:29 มกราคม

1843

1843 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar).

Events


- February 6 - The Virginia Minstrels perform the first minstrel show (Bowery Amphitheatre, New York City).
- February 11 - Giuseppe Verdi's opera I Lombardi premieres in Milan
- May 18 - The Disruption of the Church of Scotland took place in Edinburgh
- May 22 - The first major wagon train headed for the northwest sets out with one thousand pioneers from Elm Grove, Missouri on the Oregon Trail.
- July 19 - The SS Great Britain is launched from Bristol.
- August 15 - Tivoli Gardens, one of the oldest still intact amusement parks in the world, opened in Copenhagen, Denmark.
- October 13 - In New York City, Henry Jones and 11 others found B'nai B'rith (the oldest Jewish service organization in the world).
- November 28 - Ka La Ku'oko'a: Hawaiian Independence Day. The Kingdom of Hawai`i was officially recognized by the United Kingdom and France as an independent nation.
- The world's first commercial Christmas cards are printed by Sir Henry Cole in London.
- December 17 - First publication of Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol.
- James Joule quantifies the conversion of work into heat
- In Barbados, the first black man, Samuel Jackson Prescod, is elected to House of Assembly
- Danish government re-establishes althing in Iceland as an advisory body
- First tunnel under Thames is finished
- Argentina supports Rosas of Uruguay and begins a siege of Montevideo
- Quaternions are discovered by William Rowan Hamilton.
- The Economist is first published.
- Bishop's University is founded.
- Abbeville is founded by descendants of Acadians from Nova Scotia.

Births


- January 10 - Frank James, American outlaw (d. 1915)
- January 29 - William McKinley, 25th President of the United States (d. 1901)
- April 4 - William Jackson, photographer
- April 15 - Henry James, American writer (d. 1916)
- May 21 - Charles Albert Gobat, Swiss politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1914)
- June 3 - King Frederick VIII of Denmark (d. 1912)
- June 9 - Bertha von Suttner, Austrian writer and pacificist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1914)
- June 15 - Edvard Grieg, Norwegian composer (d. 1907)
- June 30 - Sir Ernest Satow, British diplomat and scholar (d. 1928)
- July 7 - Camillo Golgi, Italian physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1926)
- July 29 - Johannes Schmidt, German linguist (d. 1901)
- August 1 - Robert Todd Lincoln, American statesman and businessman (d. 1926)
- November 27 - Cornelius Vanderbilt II, American railway magnate (d. 1899)
- December 11 - Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch, German physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1910)
- Jang Seung-eop, Korean painter (d. 1897)
- Alexander Herrmann, German magician

Deaths


- January 11 - Francis Scott Key, American lawyer and lyricist (b. 1779)
- March 21 - Robert Southey, English poet (b. 1774)
- March 25 - Robert Murray M'Cheyne, Scottish clergyman (b. 1813)
- March 27 - Karl Salomo Zachariae Von Lingenthal, German jurist (b. 1769)
- April 15 - Noah Webster, American lexicographer (b. 1758)
- April 17 - Samuel Morey, American inventor (b. 1762)
- June 6 - Friedrich Hölderlin, German writer (b. 1770)
- July 7 - John Holmes, American politician (b. 1773)
- December 18 - Thomas Graham, Lord Lynedoch, British Governor-General of India (b. 1748)
- William Abbot, English actor (b. 1798) Category:1843 ko:1843년 ms:1843

1901

1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar).

Events

January-March


- January 1 - World celebrates what is regarded as the start of the new century. (Zero-ists' argument that new century should be celebrated in 1900 rejected worldwide).
- January 1 - The British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia federate as the Commonwealth of Australia. Edmund Barton becomes first Prime Minister.
- January 1 - Nigeria becomes a British protectorate
- January 7 - Alferd Packer is released from prison after serving 18 years for cannibalism
- January 10 - The first great Texas gusher, oil discovered at Spindletop in Beaumont, Texas Beaumont, Texas
- January 22 - Death of Queen Victoria. Her eldest son, Prince Albert Edward, Prince of Wales becomes King, reigning as King Edward VII. His son, Prince George, Duke of York becomes Duke of Cornwall.
- February 20 - The legislature of Hawaii Territory convenes for the first time.
- February 25 - J.P. Morgan incorporates the United States Steel Corporation.
- March 2 - The U.S. Congress passes the Platt amendment, limiting the autonomy of Cuba as a condition for the withdrawal of American troops.
- March 6 - In Bremen an assassin attempts to kill Wilhelm II of Germany.
- March 17 - A showing of 71 Vincent van Gogh paintings in Paris, 11 years after his death, creates a sensation.

April-June


- April 25 - New York State becomes the first to require automobile license plates.
- May 5 - Official end of the Caste War of Yucatàn, although mayan skirmishers will continue sporadic fighting for the next decade.
- May 9 - Australia opens its first parliament in Melbourne.
- May 27 - In New Jersey, the Edison Storage Battery Company is founded.
- June 2 - Katsura Taro becomes Prime Minister of Japan
- June 12 - Cuba becomes US protectorate

July-September


- July 4 - The 1,282 foot (390 meters) covered bridge crossing the St.John River at Hartland, New Brunswick, Canada opens. It is the longest covered bridge in the world.
- July 24 - O. Henry is released from prison in Columbus, Ohio after serving three years for embezzlement from the First National Bank in Austin, Texas.
- August 21 - The Cadillac Motor Company formed in Detroit, Michigan, USA
- September 2 - Vice President Theodore Roosevelt utters the famous phrase, "Speak softly and carry a big stick" at the Minnesota State Fair.
- September 5 - The National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues (later renamed Minor League Baseball), is formed in Chicago, Illinois.
- September 6 - American anarchist Leon Czolgosz shoots and fatally wounds US President William McKinley at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. McKinley dies there eight days later.
- September 7 - The Boxer Rebellion in China officially ends with the signing of the Peking Protocol.
- September 9 - Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd, was prime minister of South Africa from 1958 - 1966 (d. September 6 1966)
- September 14 - With the death of William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt succeeds him as President of the United States.

October-December

President of the United States
- October 2 - Royal Navy's first submarine launched at Barrow
- October 24 – Michigan schoolteacher Annie Taylor goes down Niagara Falls in a barrel and survives
- October 29 - In Amherst, Massachusetts nurse Jane Toppan is arrested for murdering the Davis family of Boston with an overdose of morphine.
- October 29 - Capital punishment: Leon Czolgosz, the assassin of US President William McKinley, is executed by electrocution.
- November 9 - Prince George, Duke of Cornwall becomes Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester.
- November 15 - Miller Reese Hutchinson patents Acousticon, a heavy hearing-aid prototype
- November 27 - U.S. Army War College is established.
- December 3 - US President Theodore Roosevelt delivers a 20,000-word speech to the House of Representatives asking Congress curb the power of trusts "within reasonable limits".
- December 10 – Marie Curie receives doctorate. The first Nobel Prize ceremony is held in Stockholm.
- December 12 - Guglielmo Marconi receives the first trans-Atlantic radio signal in Newfoundland, Canada; it is Morse code for the letter "S."

Unknown dates


- In the United Kingdom, Factory Act forbids child labor under 12
- Two typhoid outbreaks in USA
- Winston Churchill enters the House of Commons
- In Germany, Eugen Hollander makes the first known facelift to a Polish noblewoman
- Scotland Yard creates a fingerprint archive
- Cleveland Indians founded
- Europium discovered by Eugène-Antole Demarçay
- First prototype Harley-Davidson created
- Okapi discovered (previously known only to local natives)
- Independent Maya of Eastern Yucatán surrender to Mexico
- American Standard Version Bible first published.
- Intercollegiate Prohibition Association established in Chicago, Illinois.
- Mordecai Ham, American evangelist enters ministry.

Births

January-March


- January 3 - Ngo Dinh Diem, 1st President of South Vietnam (d. 1963)
- January 4 - CLR James, Trinidad-born writer and journalist (d. 1989)
- January 14 - Bebe Daniels, American actress (d. 1971)
- January 16 - Frank Zamboni, American inventor (d. 1988)
- January 26 - Stuart Symington, American politician (d. 1988)
- January 29 - E. P. Taylor, Canadian business tycoon (d. 1989)
- January 30 - Rudolf Caracciola, German race car driver (d. 1959)
- February 1 - Clark Gable, American actor (d. 1960)
- February 2 - Jascha Heifetz, Lithuanian violinist (d. 1987)
- February 10 - Stella Adler, American actress (d. 1992)
- February 25 - Zeppo Marx, American comedian (d. 1979)
- February 27 - Horatio Luro, Argentine horse trainer (d. 1991)
- February 28 - Linus Pauling, American chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and Peace (d. 1994)
- March 4 - Charles Goren, American bridge player (d. 1991)
- March 17 - Alfred Newman, American film composer (d. 1970)
- March 21 - Karl Arnold, German politician (d. 1958)
- March 22 - Greta Kempton, American artist (d. 1991)
- March 24 - Ub Iwerks, American cartoonist (d. 1971)
- March 27 - Carl Barks, American cartoonist (d. 2000)
- March 27 - Erich Ollenhauer, German politician (d. 1963)
- March 27 - Eisaku Sato, Prime Minister of Japan, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1975)
- March 27 - Kenneth Slessor, Australian poet (d. 1971)

April-June


- April 1 - Whittaker Chambers, American spy (d. 1961)
- April 29 - Emperor Hirohito of Japan (d. 1989)
- April 30 - Simon Kuznets, Ukrainian-born economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1985)
- May 5 - Blind Willie McTell, American singer (d. 1959)
- May 7 - Gary Cooper, American actor (d. 1961)
- May 17 - Werner Egk, German composer (d. 1983)
- May 18 - Vincent du Vigneaud, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1978)
- May 20 - Max Euwe, Dutch chess player (d. 1981)
- May 21 - Horace Heidt, American bandleader (d. 1986)
- May 21 - Sam Jaffe, American film producer (d. 2000)
- June 3 - Chang Hsüeh-liang, Chinese military leader (d. 2001)
- June 17 - F. F. E. Yeo-Thomas, English World War II hero (d. 1964)
- June 18 - Grand Duchess Anastasia of Russia (d. 1918)
- June 24 - Harry Partch, American composer (d. 1974)
- June 29 - Nelson Eddy, American singer and actor (d. 1967)

July-September


- July 9 - Dame Barbara Cartland English novelist (d. 2000)
- July 17 - Bruno Jasieński, Polish poet (d. 1938)
- July 20 - Heinie Manush, baseball player (d. 1971)
- July 31 - Jean Dubuffet, French painter (d. 1985)
- August 4 - Louis Armstrong, American jazz musician (d. 1971)
- August 8 - Ernest Lawrence, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1958)
- August 10 - Franco Dino Rasetti Italian scientist (d.2001)
- August 18 - Jean Guitton, French writer and philosopher (d. 1999)
- August 20 - Salvatore Quasimodo, Italian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1968)
- September 9 - James Blades, English percussionist (d. 1999)
- September 12 - Ben Blue, Canadian comedian and actor (d. 1975)
- September 15 - Sir Donald Bailey, British civil engineer (d. 1985)
- September 22 - Charles B. Huggins, Canadian-born cancer researcher, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1997)
- September 23 - Jaroslav Seifert, Czech writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1986)
- September 29 - Enrico Fermi, Italian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1954)
- September 29 - Lanza del Vasto, Italian philosopher, poet, and activist (d. 1981)

October-December


- October 2 - Kiki, French singer (d. 1953)
- October 10 - Alberto Giacometti, Swiss sculptor (d. 1966)
- November 3 - Léopold III of Belgium (d. 1983)
- November 4 - Yi, Bang-ja, Crown Princess of Korea (d. 1989)
- November 22 - Joaquin Rodrigo, Spanish composer (d. 1999)
- December 5 - Walt Disney, American animator and film producer (d. 1966)
- December 5 - Werner Heisenberg, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1976)
- December 16 - Margaret Mead, American cultural anthropologist (d. 1978)
- December 19 - Rudolf Hell, German inventor (d. 2002)
- December 25- Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester (d. 2004)
- December 31 - Karl-August Fagerholm, Prime Minister of Finland (d. 1984)
- Nadezhda Alliluyeva-Stalin, second wife of Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin (d. 1932)

Deaths


- January 11 - Vasily Kalinnikov, Russian composer (b. 1866)
- January 21 - Elisha Gray, American inventor and appliance manufacturer (b. 1835)
- January 22 - Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom and Empress of India (b. 1819)
- January 27 - Giuseppe Verdi, Italian composer (b. 1813)
- February 11 - King Milan I of Serbia (b. 1854)
- February 22 - George Francis FitzGerald, Irish mathematician (b. 1851)
- March 13 - Benjamin Harrison, 23rd President of the United States (b. 1833)
- April 3 - Richard D'Oyly Carte, English impresario (b. 1844)
- June 2 - George Leslie Mackay, Canadian missionary (b. 1844)
- July 4 - Johannes Schmidt, German linguist (b. 1843)
- August 5 - Victoria, Empress of Germany (b. 1840)
- August 24 - Clara Maass, American Nurse (d. 1876)
- September 5 - Ignacij Klemenčič, Slovenian physicist (b. 1853)
- September 9 - Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, French painter (b. 1864)
- September 14 - William McKinley, 25th President of the United States (assassinated) (b. 1843)
- October 1 - Abdur Rahman Khan, Amir of Afghanistan
- October 10 - Lorenzo Snow, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1814)
- October 29 - Leon Czolgosz assassin of U.S. President William McKinley (b. 1873)
- November 7 - Li Hongzhang, Chinese general (b. 1823)
- November 30 - Edward John Eyre, English explorer (b. 1815)
- December 1 - George Lohmann, English cricketer (tuberculosis) (b. 1865)

Nobel Prizes


- Physics - Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
- Chemistry - Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
- Medicine - Emil Adolf von Behring
- Literature - Sully Prudhomme
- Peace - Jean Henri Dunant, Frédéric Passy Category:1901 ko:1901년 ms:1901 ja:1901年 simple:1901 th:พ.ศ. 2444

1896

1896 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar).

Events

January - April


- January 4 - Utah is admitted as the 45th U.S. state.
- January 5 - An Austrian newspaper reports that Wilhelm Röntgen discovered a type of radiation later known as X-rays.
- January 12 - H.L. Smith takes the first X-ray photograph.
- January 18 - The X-ray machine is exhibited for the first time.
- February 1 - The opera La bohème premieres (Turin).
- February 1 - Walter Arnold, of Kent, England, is fined for speeding in excess of the contemporary speed limit of 2 mph
- February 11 - Oscar Wilde's play Salomé premieres in Paris.
- March 1 - With the Battle of Adowa, Ethiopia defends its independence from Italy.
- April 3 - First edition of Italian sports newspaper La Gazzetta dello Sport is published.
- April 6 - Opening ceremonies of the 1896 Summer Olympics, the first modern Olympic Games.

May - August


- May 8 - Cricket: Against Warwickshire, Yorkshire sets a still-standing County Championship record when they accumulate an innings total of 887.
- May 18 - The U.S. Supreme Court rules in Plessy v Ferguson, introducing the "separate but equal" doctrine.
- May 26 - Charles Dow publishes the first edition of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.
- May 27 - The costliest and third deadliest tornado in U.S. history levels a mile wide swath of downtown St. Louis, Missouri, incurring $2.9 billion (1997 USD) in damages, killing more than 255 and injuring over 1,000 people.
- June 12 - J.T. Hearne sets a record for the earliest date of taking 100 wickets. It is equalled by Charlie Parker in 1931.
- June 15 - ? Earthquake and tsunami in Sanriku, Japan, kills 27.000
- July 9 - William Jennings Bryan delivers his Cross of gold speech.
- July 11 - Wilfrid Laurier becomes Canada's seventh prime minister.
- August 16 - Skookum Jim Mason, George Carmack and Dawson Charlie discover gold in the Klondike.
- August 27 - The shortest war in the world - 9.02 - 9.40 between Britain and Zanzibar

September - December


- October 3 - Dalton brothers try to rob two banks but only Emmet Dalton survives the shootout
- October 5 - After a long siege, Brazilian government troops take Canudos in north Brazil, crushing Antonio Conselheiro and his followers
- November - William McKinley defeats William Jennings Bryan in the U.S. presidential election.
- November 6 - Hale Johnson runs as vice-presidential candidate for Prohibition Party.
- November 16 - Cherry Sisters perform in Olympia Music Hall in New York City. At first audience is stunned but then begins to answer with catcalls...
- December 30 - Jose Rizal, Filipino scholar and poet, executed in the Philippines

Unknown dates


- Nepalese archaeologists rediscover the great stone pillar of Ashoka at Lumbini, using Fa Xian's records.
- Pontifical University of Maynooth is established by decree of the Vatican
- France establishes an administrative post in Abengourou, Côte d'Ivoire.
- Formation of the New York Telephone Company
- The great Realignment of the Republican Party of the United States of America

Births


- January 2 - Dziga Vertov, Russian filmmaker (d. 1954)
- January 4 - Everett Dirksen, American politician (d. 1969)
- January 4 - André Masson, French artist (d. 1987)
- January 12 - Rex Ingram, Irish director and actor (d. 1950)
- January 14 - Martin Niemöller, German theologian and pacifist (d. 1984)
- January 14 - John Dos Passos, American author (d. 1970)
- January 20 - George Burns, American comedian (d. 1996)
- January 23 - Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (d. 1985)
- February 18 - André Breton, French writer (d. 1966)
- February 28 - Philip Showalter Hench, Americah physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1965)
- February 29 - Morarji Desai, Indian politician (d. 1995)
- March 1 - Dimitri Mitropoulos, Greek conductor, pianist, and composer (d. 1960)
- March 20 - Wilfrid Reid "Wop" May, Canadian World War I pilot (d. 1952)
- March 29 - Wilhelm Ackermann, German mathematician (d. 1962)
- April 15 - Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov, Russian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1986)
- April 30 - Gary Davis, American musician (d. 1972)
- May 30 - Howard Hawks, American director (d. 1977)
- June 7 - Robert S. Mulliken, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1986)
- June 7 - Douglas Campbell, American World War I flying ace (d. 1990)
- June 19 - Wallis Simpson, Duchess of Windsor (d. 1986)
- July 2 - Quirino Cristiani, Argentine animated film director (d. 1984)
- July 16 - Trygve Lie, first United Nations Secretary General (d. 1968)
- August 9 - Jean Piaget, Swiss psychologist (d. 1980)
- August 15 - Gerty Cori, Austrian-born biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1957)
- August 18 - Jack Pickford, American actor (d. 1933)
- August 30 - Raymond Massey, Canadian-born actor (d. 1983)
- September 24 - F. Scott Fitzgerald, American writer (d. 1940)
- October 1 - Liaquat Ali Khan, first Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 1951)
- October 12 - Eugenio Montale, Italian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1981)
- October 28 - Howard Hanson, American composer (d. 1981)
- October 31 - Ethel Waters, American singer and actress (d. 1977)
- November 8 - Bucky Harris, baseball player (d. 1977)
- November 10 - Jimmy Dykes, baseball player and manager (d. 1976)
- November 13 - Nobusuke Kishi, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1987)
- November 14 - Mamie Eisenhower, First Lady of the United States of America (d. 1979)
- November 16 - Oswald Mosley, leader of the British Union of Fascists (d. 1980)
- November 17 - Lev Vygotsky, Russian psychologist (d. 1934)
- December 5 - Carl Ferdinand Cori, Austrian-born biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1984)
- December 6 - Ira Gershwin, American lyricist (d. 1983)
- December 14 - Jimmy Doolittle, American World War II general (d. 1993)
- December 21 - Leroy Robertson, American composer (d. 1971)

Deaths


- January 4 - Joseph Hubert Reinkens, German Old Catholic bishop (b. 1821)
- January 8 - Paul Verlaine, French lyric poet (b. 1844)
- April 30 - Hamilton Disston, Floridan developer (b. 1844)
- May 20 - Clara Schumann, German composer (b. 1819)
- August 10 - Otto Lilienthal, German aviation pioneer (b. 1848)
- August 17 - Bridget Driscoll, world's first automobile fatality
- October 11 - Anton Bruckner, Austrian composer (b. 1824)
- October 11 - Edward White Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1829)
- October 23 - ? Columbus Delano, American statesman (b. 1809)
- December 10 - Alfred Nobel, Swedish inventor of dynamite and creator of the Nobel Prize (b. 1833)
- December 30 - José Rizal, national hero of the Philippines (b. 1861)

Marriages


- February 20 - W.W. Denslow & Ann Waters Holden
- April 6 - Benjamin Harrison & Mary Scott Lord Dimmick
- April 8 - Jeanne Calment & Fernand Calment
- June 5 - Valborg Borchsenius & Johannes Norden Guldbrandsen
- June 26 - Jennette Lee & Gerald Stanley Lee
- July 22 - Queen Maud & King Haakon VII
- September 1 - W.S. Weatherwax & Anna L. Wallis
- October 15 - Lewis J. Selznick & Florence Flossie Sachs
- October 24 - King Victor Emmanuel III & Helen Petrovic-Njegos
- October 26 - Charles Fort & Anna Filing
- November 4 - Roberto Vittiglio & Wilhelmine Westphal
- December 1 - Neel Doff & Fernand Brouez Category:1896 ko:1896년 simple:1896 th:พ.ศ. 2439

1900

1900 (MCM) is a common year starting on Monday.

Events

January


- January 1 - Chris Smith Born in 1972
- January 2 - John Hay announces the Open Door Policy to promote trade with China.
- January 2 - Chicago Canal opens.
- January 5 - Irish leader John Edward Redmond calls for a revolt against British rule.
- January 6 - It is reported that millions are starving in India.
- January 6 - Boers attack Ladysmith - over 1000 people were killed.
- January 8 - United States President William McKinley places Alaska under military rule.
- January 13 - Kaiser of Germany declares that German is the command language in the German army
- January 14 - Premier presentation of opera Tosca in Rome - actors have received death threats and nameless letters.
- January 16 - The United States Senate accepts the Anglo-German treaty of 1899 in which the United Kingdom renounced its claims to the Samoan islands.
- January 24 - Battle of Spion Kop in Second Boer War.
- January 24 - The governments in London and Pretoria begin negotiations to end the Boer Wars.
- January 27 - Boxer rebellion: Foreign diplomats in Peking China demand that the Boxer rebels be disciplined.
- January 29 - The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs is organized in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania with 8 founding teams.
- January 30 - United Kingdom forces fighting Boers in South Africa ask for reinforcements.

February

South Africa
- February 3 - Gubernatorial candidate William Goebel is assassinated in Frankfort, Kentucky. Former-Secretary of State Caleb Powers was later found guilty in a conspiracy to kill Goebels.
- February 7 - The British Labour Party is formed.
- February 8 - British troops are defeated by Boers at Ladysmith, South Africa.
- February 9 - Richard Wigginton Thompson, U.S. congressman, dies.
- February 14 - Russia responds to international pressure to free Finland by tightening imperial control over the country.
- February 14 - Boer War: In South Africa, 20,000 British troops invade the Orange Free State.
- February 17 - Battle of Paardeberg in the Second Boer War
- February 22 - Hawaii officially becomes a territory of the United States.
- February 23 - Boer War: Battle of Hart's Hill - In South Africa the Boers and British troops battle.
- February 27 - Boer War: In South Africa, British military leaders receive an unconditional notice of surrender from Boer General Piet Cronje.
- February 27 - Ramsay MacDonald appointed secretary of newly formed British Labour Party.

March


- March 3 - Mining strike ends in Germany.
- March 6 - A coal mine explosion in West Virginia traps 50 coal miners.
- March 9 - Women in Germany demand right to participate in university entrance exams
- March 11 - Boer War: Boer leader Paul Kruger's peace overtures are rejected by P