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Wilfred Rhodes

Wilfred Rhodes

Wilfred Rhodes (born October 29, 1877, North Moor, Kirkheaton, near Huddersfield, Yorkshire; died July 8, 1973, Branksome Park, Bournemouth) was one of the greatest cricketers of the twentieth century. Whilst his career evolved through a great many distinct stages, his record for Yorkshire and England is sufficient to place him as one of the very greatest all-round cricketers of all time. Unusually, he batted right-handed but bowled left arm. Some remarkable achievements of his career include:
- Most first-class matches (1110).
- Most County Championship matches (763).
- Highest aggregate of first-class wickets (4204).
- Most times 100 wickets in a season (23, including three over 200)
- Most times the double of 1000 runs and 100 wickets in a season (16 between 1903 and 1926)
- Twelve County Championship winning teams for Yorkshire between 1898 and 1925.
- First Englishman to achieve the "double" of 1000 runs and 100 wickets in Test cricket and second overall (after George Giffen); first person to achieve 2000 runs and 100 wickets in Test cricket.

Early career - amazing bowling feats in dry summers

In 1897, Yorkshire suffered a severe blow when they could not discipline their champion left-arm spinner Bobby Peel and were forced to sack him. Rhodes, then a teenager, had shown great promise both as a right-handed batsman and a left-arm spin bowler, and Yorkshire took him into their eleven for the first match of 1898. It was remarkable how the youngster, with his amazing accuracy and ability to turn the ball, developed over the following few years. In his first season Rhodes took 154 wickets - the third highest aggregate after J.T. Hearne and Tom Richardson, and easily the most by any bowler in his debut season - and was named a Wisden Cricketer of the Year. Though he played a few good innings, his ability as a batsman was not yet "discovered" and he went in very late in the order. In 1899, Rhodes' vicious spin, seen generally as being more vicious than Peel's, was deadly on the wet pitches of May and after the thunderstorms that occasionally punctuated the very hot and dry weather of the summer, and he was again among the leading wicket-takers. He played in his first Tests that year, (his first Test match, on June 3, was W. G. Grace's last) but the skilful Australian batting, led by Victor Trumper meant he met with little success. It was in 1900, when Yorkshire won the first of three consecutive County Championships, that Rhodes' amazing skill and accuracy really came to the fore. Helped early and late in the season by soft pitches, the real highlights of Rhodes' season came on the hard pitches in the middle of the season, when his skill against batsmen such as Fry and Jessop gave Yorkshire some superb victories. Yorkshire's batting strength and depth, even with some batsmen below their best, was sufficient to allow them to remain unbeaten. For the season, Rhodes took an amazing 261 wickets, and on occasions showed he had ability as a batsman, as in a [http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/f/5/f5158.html brilliant victory over a strong Sussex batting side on an excellent wicket at Sheffield]. In 1901, Rhodes' ability to take advantage of the slightest help afforded him by the pitch, together with the amazing all-round cricket and unique "swerve" of George Hirst (also born in Kirkheaton), took Yorkshire to the most conclusive win in County Championship history. They were over forty percent ahead of second-placed Middlesex, and suffered only one, amazing defeat at the hands of lowly Somerset after Rhodes and Schofield Haigh had given Yorkshire a big first innings lead after an early collapse. Rhodes took 251 wickets for just over 15 runs each and Hirst 183 for less than 17 each: an amazing feat in probably the most batsman-friendly summer before covered pitches. Against the MCC, Rhodes hit a maiden century, and his batting average was 26 - amazing for someone who went in second-last!

Developing into a consummate all-rounder

In 1902, Rhodes participated in probably the greatest Test series of all time against the touring Australians. Aided by a bad wicket, he took 7 for 17 in the first Test, and helped Hirst win the last Test by one wicket after a hurricane innings by Jessop. Despite taking 213 wickets for 13 each, Rhodes had set such a high standard that, helped by the wettest season of his career so far, it was thought he should have done better! This line was repeated after the equally wet summer of 1903, but that was the year Rhodes first showed the ability as a batsman noticed before he joined Yorkshire. On soft pitches in both matches with Nottinghamshire, Rhodes gave the best displays of his career so far, and as a makeshift opener, he carried his bat against the MCC. Touring Australia with the MCC in 1903/1904, Rhodes had a memorable tour. Aided by a record wet summer in Melbourne, he took 15 for 124 (despite eight dropped catches), and despite still going in last, added 130 with Tip Foster for the last wicket in Sydney. Between 1904 and 1906, though overshadowed by the astonishing Hirst, Rhodes continued to develop as a batsman and did the "double" in each of these years. He rapidly moved up the order for Yorkshire and scored a maiden double century against Somerset in 1905. By this time his batting was truly solid and dependable, and he could be courageous, as shown when facing the Lancashire fast bowlers during 1905: in the second game his batting virtually decided the Championship. From 1906, with Yorkshire having problems in batting due to the loss of F.S. Jackson, Rhodes regularly opened that batting, and despite being no longer the bowler he was on the rock-hard wickets of southern England that summer, he remained deadly when pitches helped him despite trying to develop a higher flight. Rhodes toured Australia in 1907/1908, but it was a disappointing tour in often appallingly hot weather, especially as a bowler.

Opening the batting for England

After a moderate season in 1908, Rhodes enjoyed perhaps his greatest ever year in 1909. Not only did he bowl as well as ever, he was only twenty runs shy of being the leading run-getter of the season - an amazing advance for someone who once went in last or second last! His aggregate of 2094 runs was a remarkably display of skill and tenacity on a succession of rain-affected pitches. With England's batting in a crisis, Rhodes went in first wicket down in the last Test and made 66 and 54, and opened with Jack Hobbs on the winter's tour of South Africa, where he was only modestly successful against the "googly" bowlers. Despite [http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/f/7/f7786.html one wonderful all-round performance against Surrey] - in which he mastered the otherwise irrepressible Razor Smith on an exceptionally bad pitch - 1910 was disappointing, but in 1911 Rhodes batted so well he reached his highest aggregate and was chosen for the tour of Australia as a regular opening batsman. Though his bowling failed so much that he did not take a wicket in the Tests, his partnerships with Hobbs were invariably superb both in this series and the 1912 Triangular Tournament. At the MCG, Rhodes batted seven hours for a wonderfully careful 179, whilst at Lord's and The Oval the following year the pair's skill on wet pitches helped established England's clear superiority over Australia. Rhodes maintained his form until the war halted county cricket, even howing some traces of his old form as a bowler in 1914 with 118 wickets for 18 each.

Irrepressible in county cricket - hopeless in Australia

With Yorkshire in desperate need of bowling in 1919 after the tragic deaths of Major Booth and Alonzo Drake, Rhodes moved down the batting order (with Herbert Sutcliffe and Percy Holmes forming an amazing partnership as openers) to concentrate once more on bowling. He was so successful in county cricket that he averaged under 13 for the next five years and his average in 1923 was the lowest for any bowler between 1895 and 1957. At the same time, Rhodes maintained his batting so well that by the end of 1924 he had completed a thousand runs for eighteen consecutive years. With George Macaulay, Abe Waddington and Roy Kilner, Yorkshire had a bowling combination that, even on good wickets, tied opposing batsmen down so well that most failed completely, whilst on wickets at all helpful, it was invariably unplayable. In his forties, Rhodes (like J.T. Hearne) had the most marvellous accuracy, but it was always thought he had lost a lot of the spin of the period from 1898 to 1902. Yet, in Australia in 1920/1921 Rhodes' bowling was remarkably innocuous. He took only four wickets for 61 each in the Tests! This ineffectiveness characterised many county bowlers of the time, and shows how Rhodes' average reflects the fact that so many county sides were first-class only in name during the period - largely because they had not the money to attract the professionals the top counties could, and top amateurs were almost never able to play. His batting showed severe faults against fast bowling during 1921, so that, despite his remarkable county record, he was left out of the Tests after the first.

Last days as a player

In 1925, Rhodes was required so little as a bowler that he only took 57 wickets, but, despite the decline of all Yorkshire's other bowlers the following year, Rhodes, incredibly at the age of forty-eight, bowled so well that he headed the first-class averages with several remarkable performances, notably 14 for 77 against Somerset at Dewsbury and 7 for 116 against Lancashire on a pitch that defeated all other bowlers. With his batting continuing at its former level, Rhodes was recalled for the last Test at the Oval, and bowled so well that he took six wickets for 79 runs and gave England the Ashes for the first time since 1912. In 1927, a sign of Rhodes' age was seen with his aggregate of runs halving - he did not reach fifty in the Championship - and his bowling falling from an aveage of 13 to one of 20. However, his amazing accuracy - which only grew by age - still made him deadly on helpful wickets despite loss of spin, and in 1928 Rhodes was once again Yorkshire's leading bowler. Early the following year Rhodes took an amazing 9 for 39 on a sticky Leyton wicket, during which he took his 4000th first-class wicket - a feat now impossible to equal. He also achieved the amazing analysis of 35 over, 29 maidens, 11 runs, no wickets at Trent Bridge in July that year - in a game left without a first innings result after three full days. In that game Rhodes showed a glimpse of his old skill as a batsman and helped Percy Holmes play the longest innings in County Championship history. That winter, Rhodes played in several "Tests" (then called by the more appropriate title of Representative Matches because the team was equivalent to modern "England A") in the West Indies and became the oldest Test player ever at over fifty-two years (being 52 years and 165 days at the end of the last match on April 12, 1930).

Retirement

In 1930, Rhodes played in the early matches with only moderate success either with bat or ball, and with Hedley Verity coming into the team in July and heading the first-class bowling averages, he was in and out of Yorkshire side and announced he would retire at the end of the year. His last first-class match was for H.D.G. Leverson Gower's XI against the Australians on September 10 to 12 1930. He finished his career with an excellent performance of five for 95 against a strong batting side. After 1930, he became cricket coach at Harrow School until World War II. He was blind by 1945, but continued to attend cricket matches regularly, claiming to be able to follow everything from the sounds. Appropriately, he died during a Test match (against New Zealand) being played at his favourite ground of Headingley.

Career summary

Few cricketers have performed consistently for so long. This goes far to explaining his unsurpassed career aggregates of wickers and doubles. His durability is emphasised by his status as the oldest ever Test player. He is one of only four people (together with W. G. Grace, Frank Woolley and George Hirst) to score 30,000 runs and take 2,000 wickets in a career. He also took 765 catches, the seventh highest total ever. Only he and Hirst have scored 20,000 runs and taken 2,000 wickets in the County Championship. He played in a total of 58 Test matches, taking 127 wickets. His stand of 323 with Sir Jack Hobbs at Melbourne in 1911 is still the highest stand for England for the first wicket in an Ashes series Test, and his stand of 130 with Tip Foster at Sydney in 1903 is still the highest for England for the last wicket in any Test match, proof of his ability to bat as an opener and a tail-ender.

External links

[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Players/0/241/t_Batting_by_Season.html Test batting]
[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Players/0/241/t_Bowling_by_Season.html Test bowling]
[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Players/0/241/f_Batting_by_Season.html First-class batting]
[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Players/0/241/f_Bowling_by_Season.html First-class bowling]
[http://content.cricinfo.com/england/content/player/19376.html Cricinfo page on Wilfred Rhodes] Rhodes, Wilfred Rhodes, Wilfred Rhodes, Wilfred Rhodes, Wilfred Rhodes, Wilfred Rhodes, Wilfred Rhodes, Wilfred Rhodes, Wilfred

October 29

October 29 is the 302nd day of the year (303rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 63 days remaining.

Events


- 437 - Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II, Eastern Roman Emperor in Constantinople. This unifies the two branches of the House of Theodosius
- 969 - Byzantine troops occupy Antioch Syria
- 1061 - Emperor disposes of Bishop Cadalus & Pope Honorius II
- 1268 - Conradin, the last legitimate male heir of the Hohenstaufen dynasty of Kings of Germany and Holy Roman Emperors, is executed along with his companion Frederick I, Margrave of Baden by Charles I of Sicily, a political rival and ally to the hostile Catholic church.
- 1422 - Charles VII of France becomes king in succession to his father Charles VI of France
- 1467 - Battle of Brusthem: Charles the Bold defeats Liege
- 1618 - English adventurer, writer, and courtier Sir Walter Raleigh is beheaded for allegedly conspiring against James I of England.
- 1658 - Action of 29 October 1658 (Naval battle)
- 1675 - Leibniz makes the first use of the long s, ∫, for integral.
- 1787 - Mozart's opera Don Giovanni receives its first performance in Prague.
- 1792 - Mt. Hood (Oregon) is named after the British naval officer Alexander Arthur Hood by Lt. William E. Broughton who spotted the mountain near the mouth of the Willamette River.
- 1863 - Sixteen countries meeting in Geneva agree to form the International Red Cross.
- 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Wauhatchie - Forces under Union General Ulysses S. Grant ward-off a Confederate attack led by General James Longstreet. Union forces thus open a supply line into Chattanooga, Tennessee.
- 1881 - The Judge (US magazine) first published.
- 1886 - The ticker-tape parade is invented in New York City when office workers spontaneously throw ticker tape into the streets as the Statue of Liberty is dedicated.
- 1901 - In Amherst, Massachusetts nurse Jane Toppan is arrested for murdering the Davis family of Boston with an overdose of morphine.
- 1901 - Capital punishment: Leon Czolgosz, the assassin of US President William McKinley, is executed by electrocution.
- 1921 - The Link River Dam, a part of the Klamath Reclamation Project, is completed.
- 1923 - Turkey becomes a republic following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire.
- 1929 - The New York Stock Exchange crashes, ending the Great Bull Market of the 1920s and beginning the Great Depression.
- 1942 - Holocaust: In the United Kingdom, leading clergymen and political figures hold a public meeting to register outrage over Nazi Germany's persecution of Jews.
- 1944 - Breda in the Netherlands is liberated by 1st Polish Armoured Division
- 1945 - Getulio Vargas, president of Brazil, resigns.
- 1948 - Safsaf massacre
- 1955 - The Soviet battleship Novorossiisk strikes a World War II mine in the harbor at Sevastopol.
- 1956 - Suez Crisis begins: Israel invades the Sinai Peninsula and push Egyptian forces back toward the Suez Canal.
- 1956 - Tangier Protocol signed: The international city Tangier is reintegrated into Morocco.
- 1957 - Israel's prime minister David Ben Gurion and five of his ministers are injured as a hand grenade is tossed into Israel's parliament, the Knesset.
- 1960 - In Louisville, Kentucky, Cassius Clay (who later takes the name Muhammad Ali) wins his first professional fight.
- 1964 - A collection of irreplaceable gems, including the 565 carat (113 g) Star of India, is stolen from the American Museum of Natural History in New York City.
- 1969 - The first computer-to-computer link is established on ARPANET.
- 1971 - Vietnam War: Vietnamization - The total number of American troops still in Vietnam drops to a record low of 196,700 (the lowest level since January 1966).
- 1980 - Demonstration flight of a secretly modified C-130 for an Iran hostage crisis rescue attempt ends in crash landing at Eglin Air Force Base's Duke Field, Florida leading to cancellation of Operation Credible Sport.
- 1985 - Major General Samuel K. Doe is announced the winner of the first multiparty election in Liberia.
- 1988 - In Japan, the Sega Megadrive is released for the first time.
- 1989 - After years of delays, the 63rd Street Tunnel opens for service, the first expansion of the New York City subway system since 1967.
- 1991 - The American Galileo spacecraft makes its closest approach to 951 Gaspra, becoming the first probe to visit an asteroid.
- 1992 - The Food and Drug Administration approves Depo Provera for use as a contraceptive in the United States.
- 1994 - Francisco Martin Duran fires over two dozen shots at the White House (Duran was later convicted of trying to kill US President Bill Clinton).
- 1998 - Apartheid: In South Africa, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission presents its report, which condemns both sides for committing atrocities.
- 1998 - Space Shuttle Discovery blasts-off with 77-year old John Glenn on board, making him the oldest person to go into space. He became the first American to orbit Earth on February 20, 1962.
- 1998 - While en route from Adana to Ankara, a Turkish Airlines flight with a crew of 6 and 33 passengers is hijacked by a Kurdish militant who orders the pilot to fly to Switzerland. The plane instead lands in Ankara after the pilot tricked the hijacker into thinking that he was landing in the Bulgarian capital of Sofia to refuel.
- 1998 - In Freehold Borough, New Jersey, Melissa Drexler pleads guilty to aggravated manslaughter for killing her baby moments after delivering him in the bathroom at her senior prom, and is sentenced to 15 years imprisonment.
- 1998 - Hurricane Mitch made landfall in Honduras.
- 2004 - The Arabic news network Al Jazeera broadcasts an excerpt from a video of Osama bin Laden in which the terrorist leader first admits direct responsibility for the September 11, 2001 attacks and references the 2004 U.S. presidential election.
- 2004 - In Rome, European heads of state sign the Treaty and Final Act establishing the first European Constitution.
- 2005 - 29 October 2005 Delhi bombings kill more than 60.
- 2005 - Ghana International Airlines launched with inaugural flight from Accra to London.

Births


- 1017 - Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1056)
- 1656 (O.S.) - Edmond Halley, English astronomer

Yorkshire

:This article is about the English county. For other uses, see Yorkshire (disambiguation). Yorkshire (disambiguation) Yorkshire (disambiguation) Yorkshire is the largest traditional county of England, covering some 6,000 sq. miles (15,000 km²) with a population of some five million. It is traditionally divided into West, North and East Ridings (from Old Norse þriðing, "third part", a legacy of the area's ninth century Scandinavian settlers). The county town, York, is not part of any riding. The emblem of Yorkshire is the White Rose of the House of York, and there is a Yorkshire Day celebrated on August 1. Amongst the celebrations there is a Civic gathering of Lord Mayors, Mayors and other Civic Heads from across the county and convened by the Yorkshire Society, in 2004 it was held in Leeds and in 2005 it was held in Bradford. The people of Penistone will be hosting the Civic gathering in 2006. There is also an "anthem" for the county in the form of the folk song "On Ilkla Moor Baht'at" (on Ilkley Moor without a Hat). The Yorkshire dialect is colloquially known as "Tyke", and this is also the "affectionate" (!) term for a Yorkshireman, though the term is not universally used by all Yorkshiremen and is virtually non-existent on the North Riding coastline. The social stereotype of a Yorkshireman has a tendency to include such accessories as a flat cap and a whippet. Among Yorkshire's unique traditions is the Long Sword dance, a traditional dance not found elsewhere in England. More recently, Yorkshire has been home to its own genre of techno music, Yorkshire Bleeps and Bass.

History

:Main article History of Yorkshire The Ridings were divided further into wapentakes. In about 1823 these were North Riding
- Allertonshire
- Birdforth
- Bulmer
- Gilling East and West
- Halikeld
- Hang East and West
- Langbaurgh East and West
- Pickering Lythe
- Ryedale
- Whitby Strand East Riding
- Buckrose
- Dickering
- Harthill - Bainton beacon, Holme beacon, Hunsley beacon and Wilton beacon
- Holderness South Middle and North
- Howdenshire
- Ouse and Derwent West Riding
- Agbrigg and Morley (Agbrigg and Morley divisions)
- Barkston Ash
- Ewcross
- Claro Lower and Upper
- Morley
- Osgoldcross
- Skyrack Lower and Upper
- Staincliffe East and West
- Staincross
- Strafforth and Tickhill Lower and Upper Apart from these there were the Ainsty wapentake, the City of York (not part of any riding), and Hullshire (geographically in the East Riding though not part of it). The Ridings were used as the basis of administrative counties upon the introduction of local government, in 1888, although many boroughs within the area were made county boroughs in their own right. In 1974 the local government system was reformed, with the bulk of the area being split between:
- North Yorkshire (including Yorkshire's county town of York — although the county town of North Yorkshire is Northallerton)
- South Yorkshire
- West Yorkshire
- Humberside (including parts of Lincolnshire)
- Cleveland (including parts of County Durham) South and West Yorkshire are termed metropolitan counties, as they cover mostly built-up areas. Additionally, small portions were ceded to the control of Cumbria (Sedbergh Rural District), Lancashire (Bowland Rural District, Barnoldswick, Earlby, and part of Skipton Rural District), County Durham (Startforth Rural District) and Greater Manchester (Saddleworth]]). In 1986 the county councils of West and South Yorkshire were abolished, and in 1996 Cleveland and Humberside were broken up into districts, which became independent administrative counties (unitary authority areas) in their own right, as did an expanded City of York. The bulk of the Yorkshire part of Humberside became known as the East Riding of Yorkshire, with Kingston upon Hull being independent. For ceremonial purposes the districts previously covered by Cleveland now fall in the ceremonial counties of North Yorkshire and County Durham, and the districts previously covered by Humberside now fall in the ceremonial counties of East Riding of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. Much of Yorkshire is now represented by the region of Yorkshire and the Humber.

Villages, towns and cities in Yorkshire

See the list of places in Yorkshire.

Local government areas in ceremonial Yorkshire


- East Riding of Yorkshire
- Kingston upon Hull
- Middlesbrough
- North Yorkshire
  - Craven
  - Hambleton
  - Harrogate
  - Richmondshire
  - Ryedale
  - Scarborough
  - Selby
- Redcar and Cleveland
- Stockton-on-Tees south of the river
- South Yorkshire
  - Barnsley
  - Doncaster
  - Rotherham
  - Sheffield
- West Yorkshire
  - Bradford
  - Calderdale
  - Kirklees
  - Leeds
  - Wakefield
- York

See also


- Yorkshire County Cricket Club
- Yorkshire Pudding
- Yorkshire Wolds
- Yorkshire Dales
- North Yorkshire Moors
- Famous Yorkshire people
- Yorkshire Society
- Jorvik
- Kings of Jorvik
- Earl of York
- Duke of York
- Yorkshire Regiment

External links


- [http://www.britannia.com/history/yorkshire/ The History of Yorkshire]
- [http://www.yorkshire-dialect.org/ Samples of Yorkshire Dialect]
- [http://flagspot.net/flags/gb-en-ys.html Yorkshire flags]
- [http://www.book-lover.com/yorkshire/images/yorkshire.html Yorkshire Images] - a gallery of drawings depicting Yorkshire as it was in the 1800s.

1973

1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday.

Events

January


- January 1 - United Kingdom, Ireland, and Denmark enter the European Economic Community, now known as the European Union.
- January 3 - Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) sells the New York Yankees for $10 million to a 12-person syndicate led by George Steinbrenner.
- January 15 - Vietnam War: Citing progress in peace negotiations, President of the United States Richard Nixon announces the suspension of offensive action in North Vietnam.
- January 17 - Ferdinand Marcos becomes President for Life of the Philippines.
- January 22 - Supreme Court of the United States rules on Roe v. Wade.
- January 22 - George Foreman breaks Joe Frazier's professional career undefeated heavyweight world boxing champion status.
- January 22 - Nigerian Airlines passenger plane from Mecca crashes in Kano, Nigeria - 176 dead.
- January 23 - The eruption of Eldfell on the Icelandic island of Heimaey begins.
- January 23 - President Richard Nixon announces that a peace accord has been reached in Vietnam.
- January 25 - Derren Nesbitt convicted of assaulting Anne Aubrey
- January 27 - U.S. involvement in Vietnam War ends with the signing of peace pacts. See Paris Peace Accords.

February


- February 11 - Vietnam War: First release of American prisoners of war from Vietnam takes place.
- February 12 - Ohio becomes the first U.S. state to post distance in metric on signs. (See: Metric system in the United States)
- February 21 - Over the Sinai Desert, Israeli fighter aircraft shoot down a Libyan Arab Airlines jet killing 100.
- February 22 - Sino-American relations: Following President Richard Nixon's visit to mainland China, the United States and the People's Republic of China agree to establish liaison offices.
- February 27 - The American Indian Movement occupies Wounded Knee, South Dakota.

March


- March 1 - The New York Joffrey Ballet's Deuce Coupe Ballet opens. The ballet is set entirely around music by The Beach Boys.
- March 7 - Comet Kohoutek is discovered.
- March 8 - IRA bombs explode in the Whitehall and the Old Bailey.
- March 16 - Queen Elizabeth II opens the New London Bridge.
- March 29 - The last United States soldiers leave Vietnam.
- March 31 - Paramount's Carowinds opens for the first time.

April


- April 2 - Launch of LexisNexis computerized legal research service.
- April 4 - World Trade Center officially opens in New York with a ribbon-cutting ceremony.
- April 6 - Launch of Pioneer 11 spacecraft.
- April 17 -German GSG-9 group formed officially

May


- May 5 - Shambu Tamang becomes the youngest person to climb to the summit of Mount Everest.
- May 8 - A 71-day standoff between federal authorities and the American Indian Movement who were occupying the Pine Ridge Reservation at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, ends with the surrender of the militants.
- May 10 - Polisario formed.
- May 14 - Skylab, the United States' first space station, is launched.
- May 17 - Watergate scandal: Hearings begin in the United States Senate and are televised.
- May 27 - By the virtue of non-retroactiveness of the copyright laws of the USSR, all works published before this date are public domain. This applies worldwide.

June


- June 1 - Greek military junta abolishes the monarchy and proclaims a republic.
- June 3 - Tupolev Tu-144 crashes at the Paris air show - 15 dead.
- June 4 - patent for the ATM granted to Don Wetzel, Tom Barnes and George Chastain.
- June 9 - Secretariat wins the Belmont Stakes becoming the first Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing winner since 1948.
- June 10 - Grandson of J. Paul Getty is kidnapped in Rome.
- June 22 - William Mark Felt retires from the FBI.
- June 25 - Erskine Hamilton Childers is elected the fourth President of Ireland.
- June 26 - On Plesetsk Cosmodrome 9 persons were killed at an explosion of a Cosmos 3-M rocket.
- June 30 - Very long total solar eclipse. During the entire Second Millennium, only seven total solar eclipses exceeded seven minutes of totality.

July


- July 1 - US Drug Enforcement Agency founded.
- July 5 - Isle of Man begins to issue its own postage stamps
- July 10 - The Bahamas gain full independence within the British Commonwealth.
- July 12 - A major fire destroys the entire 6th floor of the National Personnel Records Center in St. Louis, Missouri. The disaster comes to be known as the 1973 National Archives Fire.
- July 16 - Watergate Scandal: Former White House aide Alexander Butterfield informs the United States Senate committee investigating the scandal that President Richard Nixon had secretly recorded potentially incriminating conversations.
- July 20 - France resumes nuclear bomb tests in Mururoa Atoll over protestations of Australia and New Zealand.
- July 25 - Soviet Mars 5 space probe launched.
- July 28 - Watkins Glen Summer Jam, a massive rock festival featuring The Grateful Dead, The Allman Brothers Band and The Band attracts over 600,000 music fans.
- July 30 - An 11-year legal action for the victims of Thalidomide ends.
- July 31 - Militant protesters of Ian Paisley disrupt the first sitting of the Northern Ireland Assembly

August


- August 2 - Flash fire kills 51 at the Summerland amusement centre at Douglas, Isle of Man.
- August 5 - Black September members open fire at Athens airport - 3 dead, 55 injured.
- August 8 - 1973 Kidnapping of Kim Dae-Jung
- August 13 - The film of Jesus Christ Superstar is released.
- August 15 - The U.S. bombing of Cambodia ends, marking the official halt to 12 years of combat activity in Southeast Asia.
- September 22 - Henry Kissinger, United States National Security Advisor, starts his term as Secretary of State.

September


- September 11 - Chile's democratically-elected government is overthrown in a military coup after serious instability. President Salvador Allende dies, and General Augusto Pinochet heads a military junta that will govern Chile for the next 16 years.
- September 15 - Sweden's king Gustav VI Adolf dies. Carl XVI Gustav becomes king.
- September 18 - The two German Republics, the BRD and the DDR, are admitted to the United Nations.
- September 20 - Billed as The Battle of the Sexes, Billie Jean King defeats Bobby Riggs 6-4, 6-4, 6-3.
- September 28 - ITT was bombed in New York City as a protest of their involvement with the Coup in Chile.

October


- October 6 - Yom Kippur War - Fourth and largest Arab-Israeli conflict begins as Egyptian and Syrian forces attack Israel as Jews mark Yom Kippur.
- October 10 - Spiro T. Agnew resigns as vice president of the United States and then, in federal court in Baltimore, pleads no contest to charges of evasion of income taxes on $29,500 he received in 1967 while he was governor of Maryland. He is fined $10,000 and put on three years' probation.
- October 17 - Arab Oil Embargo against several countries which gave support to Israel, triggerring the 1973 energy crisis.
- October 20 - The Saturday Night Massacre.
- October 20 - Sydney Opera House is opened by Elizabeth II.
- October 26 - Yom Kippur War ends.
- October 27 - The Canyon City meteorite, a 1.4 kg chondrite type meteorite struck earth in Fremont County, Colorado.

November


- November 1: Watergate scandal, acting Attorney General Robert Bork appointed Leon Jaworski as the new Watergate Special Prosecutor.
- November 3 - Mariner program: NASA launches the Mariner 10 toward Mercury (on March 29, 1974 it became the first space probe to reach that planet).
- November 7 - The U.S. Congress overrides President Richard M. Nixon's veto of the War Powers Resolution, which limits presidential power to wage war without congressional approval.
- November 11 - Egypt and Israel sign a United States-sponsored cease-fire accord.
- November 14 - In the United Kingdom, Princess Anne marries a commoner, Captain Mark Phillips, in Westminster Abbey (they divorced in 1992).
- November 16 - Skylab program: NASA launches Skylab 4 with a crew of three astronauts from Cape Canaveral, Florida for an 84-day mission.
- November 16 - US President Richard Nixon signs the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act into law, authorizing the construction of the Alaska Pipeline.
- November 17 - Watergate scandal: In Orlando, Florida, US President Richard Nixon tells 400 Associated Press managing editors "I am not a crook."
- November 17 - Student uprising against the military regime in Athens, Greece.
- November 21 - President Nixon's attorney, J. Fred Bushardt, revealed the existence of an 18-and-a-half-minute gap in one of the White House tape recordings related to Watergate.
- November 25 - Greek Dictator George Papadopoulos is ousted in military coup led by Lieutenant General Phaidon Gizikis.
- November 27 - The United States Senate votes 92 to 3 to confirm Gerald Ford as Vice President of the United States (on December 6, the House confirmed him 387 to 35).

December


- December - Chile breaks diplomatic contacts with Sweden.
- December 1 - Papua New Guinea gains self government from Australia.
- December 3 - Pioneer program: Pioneer 10 sends back the first close-up images of Jupiter.
- December 15 - Gay rights: The American Psychiatric Association removes homosexuality from its DSM-II.
- December 23 - The OPEC doubles the price of crude oil.
- December 30 - Terrorist Carlos fails in his attempt to assassinate British businessman Joseph Sieff.
- December 31 - In the UK, as a result of high coal and oil prices, the Three-Day Week officially comes into force.

Unknown dates


- The National House Building Council was formed in the United Kingdom.
- The COSC The Swiss Official Chronometer testing Institute was founded in Switzerland by 5 Watch Cantons & FH, Federation of the Swiss Watch Industry.
- Title Queen of Australia created

Fictional events


- December 6 - Susie Salmon murdered, in Alice Sebold's The Lovely Bones.

Births

January


- January 1 - Danny Lloyd, American actor
- January 8 - Sean Paul, Jamaican singer
- January 11 - Rahul Dravid, Indian cricketer
- January 13 - Nikolai Khabibulin, Russian hockey player
- January 14 - Giancarlo Fisichella, Italian race car driver
- January 15 - Tomás Galásek, Czech football player
- January 17 - Cuauhtémoc Blanco, Mexican football player
- January 18 - Crispian Mills, British musician (The Jeevas and Kula Shaker)
- January 19 - Karen Lancaume, French actress (d. 2005)
- January 29 - Jason Schmidt, baseball player

February


- February 4 - Oscar De La Hoya, American boxer
- February 11 - Varg Vikernes, Norwegian musician (Burzum)
- February 14 - Steve McNair, American football player
- February 16 - Cathy Freeman, Australian athlete
- February 17 - Amy Van Dyken, American swimmer
- February 20 - Kimberley Davies, Australian actress
- February 22 - Shota Arveladze, Georgian football player
- February 24 - Jordan Jovtchev, Bulgarian gymnast
- February 26 - Marshall Faulk, American football player
- February 26 - Jenny Thompson, American swimmer
- February 28 - Eric Lindros, Canadian hockey player

March


- March 1 - Ryan Peake, Canadian guitarist (Nickelback)
- March 9 - Aaron Boone, baseball player
- March 13 - Edgar Davids, Dutch football player
- March 17 - Caroline Corr, Irish musician (The Corrs)
- March 23 - Jason Kidd, American basketball player
- March 29 - Marc Overmars, Dutch football player
- March 30 - Adam Goldstein, American DJ

April


- April 1 - Stephen Fleming, New Zealand cricket captains
- April 4 - David Blaine, American magician
- April 5 - Pharrell Williams, American musician and producer (The Neptunes)
- April 6 - Rie Miyazawa, Japanese actress and singer
- April 8 - Bobby Ologun, Nigerian television performer and martial artist
- April 10 - Roberto Carlos, Brazilian football player
- April 11 - Jennifer Esposito, American actress
- April 24 - Sachin Tendulkar, Indian cricketer
- April 28 - Elisabeth Röhm, American actress

May


- May 1 - Oliver Neuville, German football player
- May 3 - Michael Reiziger, Dutch football player
- May 10 - Dario Franchitti, Scottish race car driver
- May 14 - Natalie Appleton, Canadian singer (All Saints)
- May 16 - Tori Spelling, American actress
- May 30 - Leigh Francis, British comedian
- May 31 - Dominique van Roost, Belgian tennis player

June


- June 1 - Fred Deburghgraeve, Belgian swimmer
- June 1 - Heidi Klum, German model
- June 1 - Derek Lowe, baseball player
- June 8 - Lexa Doig, Canadian actress
- June 9 - Tedy Bruschi, American football player
- June 9 - Iain Lee, British comedian and radio and television presenter
- June 10 - Faith Evans, American singer
- June 12 - Darryl White, Australian footballer
- June 13 - Sam Adams, American football player
- June 22 - Carson Daly, American talk show host
- June 26 - Gretchen Wilson, American singer
- June 28 - Adrian Annus, Hungarian athlete
- June 30 - Chan Ho Park, Korean Major League Baseball player

July


- July 4 - Gackt, Japanese singer
- July 9 - Kelly Holcomb, American football player
- July 11 - Konstantinos Kenteris, Greek athlete
- July 15 - John Dolmayan, Lebanese-born drummer (System of a Down)
- July 17 - Eric Moulds, American football player
- July 20 - Peter Forsberg, Swedish hockey player
- July 20 - Haakon Magnus, Crown Prince of Norway
- July 23 - Nomar Garciaparra, baseball star
- July 23 - Fran Healy, British singer (Travis)
- July 23 - Monica Lewinsky, White House intern
- July 23 - David Mitchell, British comedian
- July 26 - Kate Beckinsale, English actress

August


- August 1 - Tempestt Bledsoe, American actress
- August 6 - Asia Carrera, American actress
- August 8 - Scott Stapp, American singer (Creed)
- August 12 - Richard Reid, English terrorist
- August 14 - Kieren Perkins, Australian swimmer
- August 19 - Mette-Marit Tjessem-Høiby, Crown Princess of Norway
- August 20 - Todd Helton, baseball player
- August 24 - Inge de Bruijn, Dutch swimmer

September


- September 4 - Jason David Frank, American actor
- September 5 - Rose McGowan, American actress
- September 12 - Darren Campbell, British athlete
- September 14 - Nas, American rapper
- September 18 - Mark Shuttleworth, South African entrepreneur
- September 19 - José Azevedo, Portuguese cyclist
- September 22 - Craig McRae, Australian footballer

October


- October 3 - Neve Campbell, Canadian actress
- October 10 - Mario López, American actor
- October 22 - Ichiro Suzuki, Japanese baseball player
- October 24 - Levi Leipheimer, American professional cyclist
- October 26 - Seth MacFarlane, American voice actor
- October 29 - Gabrielle Union, American actress
- October 30 - Silvia Corzo, Colombian newsreader

November


- November 1 - Aishwarya Rai, Indian actress
- November 5 - Johnny Damon, baseball player
- November 12 - Martin M. Weiss, American author
- November 14 - Lawyer Milloy, American football player
- November 14 - Dana Snyder, American voice actor
- November 28 - Jade Puget, American guitarist (AFI)
- November 29 - Ryan Giggs, Welsh footballer
- November 29 - Raphael Smith, South African screenwriter and songwriter

December


- December 2 - Monica Seles, Yugoslavian-born tennis player
- December 3 - Holly Marie Combs, American actress
- December 7 - Terrell Owens, American football star
- December 15 - Surya Bonaly, French figure skater
- December 14 - Thuy Trang, Vietnamese-born actress (d. 2001)
- December 17 - Paula Radcliffe, British athlete
- December 29 - Theo Epstein, baseball general manager
- December 30 - Ato Boldon, West Indian athlete

Deaths

January-April


- January 22 - Lyndon Johnson, President of the United States (b. 1908)
- January 23 - Kid Ory, American musician (b. 1886)
- January 24 - J. Carrol Naish, American actor (b. 1897)
- January 26 - Edward G. Robinson, American actor (b. 1893)
- January 31 - Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch, Norwegian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1895)
- February 11 - Hans D Jensen, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1907)
- February 15 - Wally Cox, American actor (b. 1924)
- February 23 - Dickinson W. Richards, American physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1895)
- February 19 - Joseph Szigeti, Hungarian violinist (b. 1892)
- March 6 - Pearl S. Buck, American writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)
- March 8 - Ron Pigpen McKernan, American musician (Grateful Dead) (b. 1945)
- March 14 - Rafael Godoy, Colombian composer (b. 1907)
- March 14 - Chic Young, American cartoonist (b. 1901)
- March 26 - Noel Coward, English composer and playwright (b. 1899)
- April 8 - Pablo Picasso, Spanish artist (b. 1881)
- April 16 - Istvan Kertesz, Hungarian conductor (b. 1929)
- April 19 - Hans Kelsen, Austrian-born legal theorist (b. 1881)
- April 21 - Arthur Fadden, thirteenth Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1894)
- April 26 - Irene Ryan, American actress (b. 1902)

May-August


- May 2 - Alan Carney, American actor and comedian (b. 1909)
- May 11 - Lex Barker, American actor (b. 1919)
- May 12 - Art Pollard, American race car driver(b. 1927)
- May 14 - Jean Gebser, German author, linguist, and poet (b. 1905)
- May 18 - Jeannette Rankin, first U.S. Congresswoman (b. 1880)
- June 18 - Roger Delgado, English actor (b. 1918)
- July 2 - Swede Savage, American race car driver (b. 1946)
- July 6 - Otto Klemperer, German-born conductor (b. 1885)
- July 7 - Veronica Lake, American actress (b. 1922)
- July 8 - Wilfred Rhodes, English cricketer (b. 1877)
- July 20 - Bruce Lee, American martial artist and actor (b. 1940)
- July 29 - Roger Williamson, British race car driver (b. 1948)
- August 1 - Gian Francesco Malipiero, Italian composer (b. 1882)
- August 11 - Karl Ziegler, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1898)
- August 12 - Walter Rudolf Hess, Swiss physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1881)
- August 16 - Selman Waksman, Ukrainian-born biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1888)
- August 17 - Conrad Aiken, American writer (b. 1889)
- August 17 - Jean Barraqué, French composer (b. 1928)

September-December


- September 2 - J. R. R. Tolkien, British writer (b. 1892)
- September 11 - Salvador Allende, President of Chile (b. 1908)
- September 19 - Gram Parsons, American musician (b. 1946)
- September 23 - Pablo Neruda, Chilean poet, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1904)
- September 29 - W. H. Auden, English poet (b. 1907)
- October 2 - Paavo Nurmi, Finnish runner (b. 1897)
- October 17 - Ingeborg Bachmann, Austrian writer (b. 1926)
- October 22 - Pablo Casals, Catalan cellist and conductor (b. 1876)
- November 11 - David "Stringbean" Akeman, American banjo player (b. 1915)
- November 11 - Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, Finnish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1895)
- November 27 - Frank Christian, American musician (b. 1887)
- December 1 - David Ben-Gurion, Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1886)
- December 3 - Emile Christian, American musician (b. 1895)
- December 20 - Bobby Darin, American singer (b. 1936)
- December 20 - Luis Carrero Blanco, first minister of Spain (assassinated) (b. 1907)
- December 25 - Gabriel Voisin, French aviation pioneer (b. 1880)
- December 26 - Harold B. Lee, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1899)

Unknown date


- Friedrich Panse, German psychiatrist (b. 1899)

Nobel Prizes


- Physics - Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever, Brian David Josephson
- Chemistry - Ernst Otto Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson
- Medicine - Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz, Nikolaas Tinbergen
- Literature - Patrick White
- Peace - Henry A. Kissinger, Le Duc Tho
- Economics - Wassily Leontief

Templeton Prize


- Mother Theresa Category:1973 Category:1973 als:1973 ko:1973년 ja:1973年 simple:1973 th:พ.ศ. 2516

Bournemouth

Bournemouth is a seaside resort on the south coast of England. It is located about 107 miles southwest of London, at . The town is bordered by Poole in the west and Christchurch in the east (forming a conurbation), and overlooks Poole Bay. It is traditionally part of Hampshire but was ceded to Dorset in a 1974 local government reform. Evidence of this can be found at a roundabout at the end of the Wessex Way called "County Gates" where the gate marking the divide between Hampshire and Dorset once stood, and which now marks the border between Poole and Bournemouth. On April 1, 1997 Bournemouth became an independent unitary authority. Bournemouth is one of the most popular tourist destinations on South Coast of England, because of the fine long beach that runs the length of Poole Bay, the wide range of accommodation and entertainment, the mild climate, and easy access to the New Forest, Jurassic Coast, Devon, and the Dorset and Hampshire countryside. This section of the English coast enjoys some of the warmest, driest, and sunniest weather in Britain. Rapid growth in Bournemouth has taken place (see History). In 1880, it had 17,000 people, 60,000 by 1900 and had reached 150,000 by 1990. In the latest census, the town had a population of 163,441. Bournemouth is part of the "Bournemouth Urban Area" conurbation, with a population of 383,713, [http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=8271&Pos=2&ColRank=1&Rank=224] including the neighbouring towns of Poole and Christchurch, the whole area being sufficiently populous to be one of the major retail and commercial centres in the south of England. Traditionally a retirement town, Bournemouth now houses many students who attend Bournemouth University, which is noted for its Media School, and the Arts Institute.

The Town

Arts Institute






The town is an important venue for major conferences and the Bournemouth International Centre (BIC), which stands on the cliff-tops near the middle of the town overlooking the sea and the pier, is the town's main venue for large conferences including in 2003 the Labour Party annual conference. Bournemouth (and Poole, the town immediately to the West) have several chines (e.g. Branksome Chine, Alum Chine), valleys formed by the action of water, that lead down to the beaches and form a very attractive feature of the area. Bournemouth Central Gardens are a separate major park, leading for several miles down the valley of the River Bourne through the centre of the town to the sea (reaching the sea at the pier). The Russell-Cotes Museum is located just to the east of the Central Gardens near to the Pavilion and next to the Royal Bath hotel. The museum includes many fine mostly 19th century paintings and the family collections acquired when travelling e.g in Japan and Russia. It was Sir Merton Russell-Cotes, one of Bournemouth's most prominent Victorians, who successfully campaigned to have a promenade built; the promenade now runs continuously along the Bournemouth and Poole shoreline. The Royal Bath Hotel, located near the sea and just to the east of the Central Gardens, has attracted many important visitors over the years, including Oscar Wilde, H. G. Wells, Richard Harris, Sir Thomas Beecham, Shirley Bassey, and prime ministers Disraeli (who stayed for three months to help his gout), Gladstone, Asquith and Lloyd George. Royal guests have been Edward VII and Edward VIII when each was the Prince of Wales, George VI when he was the Duke of York, Queen Wilhemina of Sweden and Empress Eugenie of France. A new £9.5 million Bournemouth Library was completed in 2003, winning the Prime Minister's Better Public Building Award, in the British Construction Industry Awards competition in recognition of its relatively low cost and high fit with client requirements. The Town also plays host to a professional football club, AFC Bournemouth, currently playing in League One. They play at The Fitness First Stadium in Boscombe on the eastern outskirts of the Town Centre.

Shopping

The main shopping streets in the centre of town are just behind the seafront on either side of the small Bourne river; indeed footpaths lead down to the sea (from The Square) through the lower section of Bournemouth Central Gardens. The shopping streets are mostly pedestrianised and lined with a wide range of boutiques, stores, jewellers and accessory shops. There are major stores (Debenhams, Beales, Marks and Spencer, Bhs, Dingles), modern shopping malls, Victorian arcades (including the elegant Victorian arcade between Westover Road and Old Christchurch Road), and a large selection of bars, clubs and cafes. About a mile to the west of the town centre, in the district of Westbourne, there is an impressive selection of designer clothes and interior design shops. About a mile to the east, in the district of Boscombe, there is another major shopping area including many antiques shops and a street market. North of the centre there was a new out-of-town shopping complex called Castle Point with supermarkets, DIY stores and larger versions of high street shops, but it is closed as of November 2005 due to the car park being declared unsafe by engineers.

History

Boscombe Bournemouth barely existed at the start of the 19th century. When retired army officer Lewis Tregonwell visited in 1810, he found only a bridge crossing a small stream at the head of an unspoilt valley (or 'chine') that led out into Poole Bay. An inn had recently been built at what is now The Square (centre of Bournemouth), catering both for travellers and for the smugglers who lurked in the area at night. Captain Tregonwell and his wife were so impressed by the area that they bought several acres and built a home, which is today part of the Royal Exeter Hotel. Tregonwell also planted pine trees, providing a sheltered walk to the beach. The town was to grow up around its scattered pines. Bournemouth quickly became a destination for affluent holiday-makers and for invalids in search of the sea air. The site of Bournemouth had once been a hunting estate 'Stourfield Chase' but by the late 18th century only a small part of this was maintained: the 'Decoy Pond Estate' comprising several fields around the Bourne Stream. In the 1840s the fields south of the road crossing (later The Square) were drained and laid out with shrubberies and walks. By the 1860s the fields to the north were also laid out with walks by the owners of the Branksome Estate. In the early 1870s all the fields were leased to the Bournemouth Commissioners, by the freeholders. These fields now form The Pleasure Gardens, which run through the centre of the town; although the former name of The Lower Pleasure Gardens is no longer officially applied to the area south of The Square, for fear of encouraging an indulgence in 'lower pleasures'. The immaculately tended gardens are still much-loved and the Central Gardens contain the town's impressive war memorial, guarded by two stone lions. The War Memorial was installed in 1921, when the Borough Council moved to the Mont Dore Hotel adjacent, which it still occupies. Various building works were carried out - such as the Saint Stephen's Road bridge, to stamp the municipal identity on this area of the town, the war memorial was one of them. It was designed by Bournemouth's deputy architect Albert Edward Shervey, who copied the two lions, one sleeping, the other awake and roaring, from Antonio Cavona's lions which guarded the tomb of Pope Clement XIII. A large sanatorium, overlooking the Central Gardens, treated patients with chest diseases. It has recently been re-developed as Brompton Court, a complex of retirement homes, preserving its remarkable chapel. Next to the sanatorium was built the magnificent Mont Dore Hotel, which is now the Town Hall. In the hotel's heyday in the 1880s it was renowned nationally and internationally for its sumptuous luxury which included possessing one of the first telephones in England - the number was "3". Although the number of invalids sent to the town dropped in the late 19th century, the resort was still booming and its population increasing rapidly. As Bournemouth's popularity increased, the town centre spawned theatres, concert halls, cafes, cinemas and more hotels. The town's first large entertainment venue was the original glass Winter Gardens, built in 1875 as the home of the town's municipal orchestra, (now the internationally renowned Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra). Elgar, Sibelius and Holst conducted there, but the acoustics were reputedly poor. In 1935, the original Winter Gardens was demolished. Its replacement, opened two years later, was intended as an indoor bowls centre, but by chance turned out to have superb acoustics, and after the Second World War it became the orchestra's new home. Before the opening of the BIC, the Winter Gardens welcomed just about every major entertainer of the day, including Maurice Chevalier, The Beatles, Pink Floyd and Morecambe and Wise. The building has been in decline since the late 1970s, and is now closed as the town council examines alternative uses. [http://www.bournemouth.gov.uk/News/press_office/Press_Releases/September/wintergardens_cabinet.asp] The Pavilion dates from 1925 and was built on the site of the former Belle Vue boarding house, one of the town's first buildings. Theatrical legends, including Ralph Richardson and Trevor Howard, played the Pavilion Theatre in its heyday. The Pavilion faces the cinemas and upmarket shops of Westover Road, which prides itself on being the town's "Bond Street". Westover Road's Odeon cinema began life as the Regent in 1929 and retains many of the art deco features of the era. It was known as the Gaumont from 1949-86 and used to host live performances as well as films. Stars who appeared there included Ella Fitzgerald, Dusty Springfield, Victor Borge and in 1963, the Beatles. The cinema now has six screens. The nearby ABC cinema dates from 1937, when it contained one 2,600-seater auditorium. It has three auditoriums today, one of them boasting the areas largest cinema screen, and is the only cinema in the county capable of projecting epics in 70mm.

History of Bournemouth Pier

1937 The first pier in Bournemouth consisted of a short wooden jetty that was completed in 1856. This was replaced by a much longer wooden pier, designed by George Rennie, which opened on Septembe