Neo-retro

The term "neo-retro" refers to an artistic style that attempts to produce something new, based on classical designs or processes; this is opposed to "retro", which is something from the past that is brought back. The main reasons for the neo-retro style are:
- Style: Sometimes the choice is simply artistic; a company will reuse an old design because they feel it still has some relevance in today’s world, and may be seen as innovative or an interesting change of pace from the contemporary. For example, in 1998 Volkswagen introduced the New Beetle, a new car with on outer design that resembled the Beetle of old, even though the car itself is very modern.
- Simplicity: Almost invariably, modern technology is more complex than older technology, as years of innovation have often followed the mantra: “the more the better.” In order to make technology friendlier, some have gone back to simpler times by reducing the feature set and the control schemes of new products. For example, Nintendo is attempting to undo the progression of the standard video game controller with the Revolution, by trimming down the number of buttons on the controller, and replacing the multiple analog sticks with a motion sensitive controller. Nintendo hopes to make the system friendlier to gamers and non-gamers alike.
- Cost: With the advent of modern technology, the cost of making movies and video games has increased tremendously; independent movie studios and smaller game development houses can’t afford the high price tag on the latest technology, and deliberately eschew it in favor of more simplistic graphics. Because of the resistance to use the latest technology to give an exceptional visual or audio performance, many video games with a neo-retro style are panned for having bad or outdated graphics; movie-goers have been a little more receptive, as high-end technology is usually used in sci-fi and fantasy, and not most movies. For example, offbeat games like Katamari Damacy would never sell in the numbers to justify spending millions of dollars on flashy graphics and sounds, so the game designers used a simpler art style to fit the budget of the game.

Retro

:Retro may also mean Retrorocket. Retro (=retroactive) is a contemporary term used to describe things from a bygone era. It is often used in a positive sense, referring to quirky or attractive products that are no longer available. For example, "Retro fashion" or "Retro Chic" may consist of outdated styles, such as tie-dyed shirts from the 1970s, or poodle skirts from the 1950s. A love of retro objects (things from the past) is called retrophilia. Retro, both in popular and in legitimized culture, can be seen as an uncritical exaltation of the past, used as a weapon against contemporary cultural forms. Retro is uncritical because it sees itself as a return to a lost authenticity, to basic values which somehow have been corrupted by later evolutions. A critical attitude towards both the legitimate and the non-legitimate would then be what is called camp. Camp is an ironical attitude, an explicit re-introduction of non-dominant forms. It claims legitimacy, but instead of aiming at timelessness, it wants to live only a short life. It does not want to present basic values, but precisely to confront culture with its waste, to show how any norm is historical. An example of Retro computing is the IBM 1130 computing system from 1966 which still has a following of interested users, albeit mostly via a simulator rather than the real thing. A pastime which is becoming increasingly popular is retro gaming where individuals play video games on vintage computers and games consoles; although the idea of what constitutes a vintage or retro machine is one open to debate. Retrofitting is a term used in e.g. car customizing, where older vehicles are fitted with new technologies; power windows, cruise control, remote keyless systems, electric fuel pumps etc.

References

- Jim Collins, 1989: Uncommon Cultures. Popular Culture and Post-Modernism, Mew York/London: Routledge.
- Umberto Eco, 1986: Travels in Hyperreality, New York: Harcourt.
- Umberto Eco, 1988 (1964, 1978): The Structure of Bad Taste, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker.
- Clem Robyns, 1991: "Beyond the first dimension: recent tendencies in popular culture studies", in Joris Vlasselaers (Ed.) The Prince and the Frog, Leuven: ALW, 14-32.
- Andrew Ross, 1989: No Respect. Intellectuals and Popular Culture, New York/London: Routledge. category:automotive technologies

Volkswagen Beetle

The VW Type 1, which was called the Beetle or Bug or Käfer (in German), is a small family car, the best known car of Volkswagen, one of the best known cars from Germany, and one of the most recognisable and distinctive cars in the world. Thanks to its distinctive shape and sound, and its reliability, it now enjoys a "cult" status. The Beetle was in production from 1938 until 2003, interrupted only by the Second World War. Over 21 million Beetles were produced. The "Beetle" name was not originally given to the car. Inside Volkswagen, it was simply known as the "Type 1" until the 1968 model year (August 1967), when, for the first time, German brochures used the name "Der Käfer" (meaning "The Beetle" in German) on the front cover and inside. The Beetle name was later reused when the New Beetle was introduced in 1998.

History

New Beetle The origins of the car date back to 1930s Nazi Germany. Adolf Hitler wanted private motorized transport to be widely available and commissioned engineer Ferdinand Porsche to produce such a vehicle. Some claim that this was based on a [http://www.hitler.org/artifacts/volkswagen/ sketch] that Hitler drew in 1932, a year before he came to power. Hitler decreed that this car should be capable of transporting two adults and three children at a speed of 100 km/h (62 mph), and that it should cost no more than a motorcycle and sidecar to buy. A savings scheme was also launched that would enable people to buy the car. However the advent and aftermath of World War II meant that those who paid into the scheme never received their cars. Rumors said that the Beetle was originally designed for conversion into a makeshift armored car in times of war. Its style resembles a tankette without a turret or armor. Who designed the car is a matter of controversy. The official story is that it was designed by Ferdinand Porsche. But in the 1920s Joseph Ganz had already made a similar design for a car that was smaller and more affordable than existing models. Car manufacturers were not interested, but two motorcycle manufacturers were. Adler produced the Maikäfer and Standard the Superior, which it advertised as 'Der Deutsche Volkswagen' and was the cheapest four wheel car at the time. When the Nazis came to power, they tested the Superior and favourable reviews appeared in magazines. However, shortly after, the Nazis suddenly imprisoned Ganz for a while, fired him as chief editor of the magazine Motor-Kritik and confiscated his documents, after which he fled to Switzerland, never to return. The reason for this is probably that they found out he was a Jew. The Nazis then turned to Porsche, who produced a prototype of the Käfer that looked a lot like the Superior. Volkswagen say that Ganz wasn't the only one to have such a design and that the Käfer was not based on his. See also [http://www.ganz-volkswagen.org/] Prototypes of the car called the KdF-Wagen (German: Kraft durch Freude = strength through joy; the car was so called because it was intended to be sold to members of the KdF, a Nazi leisure organization), appeared from 1935 onwards—the first prototypes were produced by Daimler-Benz in Stuttgart, Germany. The car already had its distinctive round shape (designed by Erwin Komenda) and its air-cooled, flat-four, rear-mounted engine. However, the factory (in the new town of Kdf-Stadt, purpose-built for the factory workers) had only produced a handful of cars by the time war started in 1939. Consequently the first volume-produced versions of the car's chassis (if not body) were military vehicles, the Jeep-like Kübelwagen Typ 82 (approx. 52,000 built) and the amphibious Schwimmwagen Typ 166 (approx. 14,000 built). Deliberately designed to be as simple as possible mechanically, there was simply less that could go wrong; the aircooled 985 cm³ 25 hp (19 kW) motors proved especially effective in action in North Africa's desert heat. The innovative suspension design used compact torsion beams instead of coil or leaf springs. A handful of civilian-spec Beetles were produced, primarily for the Nazi elite, in the years 1940–1945, but production figures were small. In response to gasoline shortages, a few wartime "Holzbrenner" Beetles were fueled by wood pyrolysis gas producers under the hood. In addition to the Kübelwagen, Schwimmwagen, and a handful of others, the factory managed another wartime vehicle: the Kommandeurwagen; a Beetle body mounted on the 4WD Kübelwagen chassis. A total of 669 Kommandeurwagens were produced until 1945, when all production was halted due to heavy damage sustained in Allied air raids on the factory. Much of the essential equipment had already been moved to underground bunkers for protection, allowing production to resume quickly once hostilities had ended. leaf springs Much of the Beetle's design was inspired by the advanced Tatra cars of Hans Ledwinka, particularly the T97. This also had a streamlined body and a rear-mounted 4 cylinder horizontally-opposed air-cooled engine. Tatra sued, but the lawsuit was stopped when Germany invaded Czechoslovakia. The matter was re-opened after WW2 and in 1961 Volkswagen paid Tatra 3,000,000 Deutsche Marks. These damages meant that Volkswagen had little money for the development of new models and the Beetle's production life was necessarily extended. Deutsche Mark The Volkswagen company owes its postwar existence largely to one man, Oldham-born British army officer Major Ivan Hirst (1916–2000). After the war, he was ordered to take control of the heavily bombed factory, which the Americans had captured. His first task was to remove the unexploded bomb which had fallen through the roof and lodged itself between some pieces of irreplaceable production equipment; if the bomb had exploded, the Beetle's fate would have been sealed. He persuaded the British military to order 20,000 of the cars, and by 1946 the factory was producing 1,000 cars a month. The car and its town changed their Nazi-era names to Volkswagen (people's car) and Wolfsburg, respectively. The first 1,785 Beetles were made in a factory near Wolfsburg in 1945. Production of the "Type 1" VW Beetle increased dramatically over the years, with the 1 millionth car coming off the assembly line in 1954. During the 1960s and early 1970s, innovative advertising campaigns and a glowing reputation for reliability and sturdiness helped production figures to surpass the levels of the previous record holder, the Ford Model T, when Beetle No. 15,007,034 was produced on February 17, 1972. By 1973 total production was over 16 million, and by 2002 there had been over 21 million produced. The car was known under various names in different countries, usually local renderings of the word "beetle": Käfer in Germany; Sedan, then Fusca in Brazil; Coccinelle in France; Maggiolino in Italy; Sedán or Vocho in Mexico; Kever in the Netherlands; kotseng kuba (literally: hunchback car) in the Philippines; Garbus (literally: "Hunchback") in Poland; Brouk in Czech Republic; Carocha in Portugal; Escarabajo in Spain; Hipushit in Israel; Bug in the US. While production of the standard Beetle continued, a Type 1 variant called the Super Beetle, produced from model year 1971 to 1979, offered MacPherson strut front suspension, better turning radius, and more space in the front luggage compartment. The Super Beetle was improved in 1973 to include a padded dashboard and a curved windshield. Faced with stiff competition from more modern designs—in particular economical Japanese autos in the US—sales began dropping off in the mid-1970s. There had been several unsuccessful attempts to replace the Beetle throughout the 1960s; but the Type 3, Type 4, and the NSU-based K70 were all failures. Finally, production lines at Wolfsburg switched to the new watercooled, front-engined, front wheel drive Golf in 1974, a car unlike its predecessor in most significant ways. Golf Beetle production continued in smaller numbers at other German factories until 1978, but mainstream production shifted to Brazil and Mexico. The last Beetle was produced in Puebla, Mexico, in mid-2003. The final batch of 3,000 Beetles were sold as 2004 models and badged as the Última Edición, with whitewall tires, a host of previously-discontinued chrome trim, and the choice of two special paint colors taken from the New Beetle. Production in Brazil ended in 1988, then restarted in 1993 and continued until 1996. Volkswagen sold Beetles in the United States until 1978 and in Europe until 1985. Independent importers continued to supply several major countries, including Germany, France, and the UK until the end of production in 2003. Devoted fans of the car even discovered a way to circumvent US safety regulations by placing more recently manufactured Mexican Beetles on the floorpans of earlier, US-registered cars. The end of production in Mexico can be primarily blamed on the Mexican government's decision to gradually outlaw the use of 2-door cars as taxi cabs, since the Beetles did no longer meet environmental friendliness requirements for Mexico City, in which Beetles were used abundantly as affordable taxies. In addition, Volkswagen, now Germany's largest automaker, has been attempting to cultivate a more upscale, premium brand image, and the simple Beetle, with its US$7000 base price, clashed with VW's new identity, as seen in the Touareg and Phaeton luxury vehicles.

Pop culture

Phaeton] Like its competitors the Mini and the Citroën 2CV, the Beetle has been regarded as something of a "cult" car since its 1960s association with the hippie movement; and the obvious attributes of its unique and quirky design. Much like their Type 2 counterparts, Beetles were psychedelically painted and considered an art car ancestor. From 1968 to 2005 a white Beetle with racing numbers and stripes named "Herbie" played a starring role in The Love Bug series of Disney comedy films. A yellow Wunderkäfer, called DuDu, appeared in a series of German films for children. Also made famous is the Autobot Bumblebee (Gold Bug) in the cartoon The Transformers.

New Beetle

The Transformers At the 1994 North American International Auto Show, Volkswagen unveiled the J Mays-penned "Concept 1", a concept car with futuristic styling deliberately reminiscent of the original Beetle's rounded shape. Strong public reaction convinced the company to move the car into production, and in 1998 Volkswagen launched the New Beetle, designed by Mays and Freeman Thomas at the company's California design studio. The New Beetle is related to the original only in name and appearance: under the hood, it is a modern car in every way, based on the Volkswagen A platform. In stark contrast to the original, the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety gave the New Beetle among the best safety ratings in its class at the time of its launch. Marketing campaigns have enhanced the continued goodwill towards the original, and helped the new model to inherit it. The Volkswagen New Beetle was Motor Trends Import Car of the Year for 1999.
Phase-out of the original Beetle
In 2002 total production of the VW Golf, at 22 million units, overtook that of the Beetle. However this measure includes all four distinct generations of Golf since 1974, and these are really different cars using the same name, as is also the case with the Toyota Corolla. By 2003 Beetle annual production had fallen to 30,000 from a peak of 1.3 million in 1971. On July 30, 2003, the final original VW Beetle (No. 21,529,464) was produced at Puebla, Mexico, some 65 years after its public launch in Nazi Germany, and an unprecedented 58-year production run since 1945. VW announced this step in June, citing decreasing demand. The last car was immediately shipped off to the company's museum in Wolfsburg, Germany. In true Mexican fashion, a mariachi band serenaded the last car. The final edition had the following specifications:
- Length: 4 m (13.32 ft)
- Width: 1.6 m (5.08 ft)
- Height: 1.5 m (4.92 ft)
- Length between axles: 2.4 m (7.87 ft)
- Weight: 810 kg (1,786 lb)
- Engine: 4 cylinders, 1.6 L
- Transmission: Manual
- Brakes: front disc, back drum
- Passengers: Five
- Tank: 40 L (10.57 gallons)
- Colors: Aquarius blue, Harvestmoon beige.
See also

- List of bestselling vehicle nameplates
External link

- [http://dmoz.org/Recreation/Autos/Makes_and_Models/Volkswagen/Air_Cooled/Beetle/ ODP Beetle directory]
- [http://www.beetles.de/ German New Beetle Community]
- [http://www.newbeetle.org/ American New Beetle Community]
- [http://www.daskaeferdock.de/ German Beetle Fanclub]
- [http://used-volkswagen-beetle.freeway.co.uk/ Used Volkswagen Beetle information] Beetle Category:Rear-engined vehicles Category:Rear wheel drive vehicles Category:Industrial design examples ko:폴크스바겐 비틀 ja:VWビートル

Nintendo Revolution

The Nintendo Revolution is Nintendo's fifth home video game console and the successor to the Nintendo GameCube. Its main innovation will likely be its controller that responds to its own position and orientation in 3-D physical space in front of the television, a concept never before seen in mainstream consoles. Another innovation is that its slot-loading optical drive is the first that accepts both 3 and 5 inch discs, GameCube and dual-layered DVD based media. The system was unveiled at Nintendo's 2005 E³ press conference and the game controller at the 2005 Tokyo Game Show by Satoru Iwata during his keynote speech [http://www.irwebcasting.com/050916/03/ff3672f7df/main/index_hi.htm] in September. On December 8, 2005 a site containing Revolution information accidentally leaked information about a PPU graphics card that will create much more vibrant effects than its competitors. Promotional material released at the 2005 Tokyo Game Show stated the console was scheduled for a 2006 release. In an interview with Nikkei Business Iwata stated the Revolution will be coming out after April of that year, and that they are considering attempting an international launch [http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20051024-5474.html] with no more than 14 weeks of difference between the first and last launching regions. [http://www.1up.com/do/newsStory?cId=3145192] Nintendo has announced that more details about the system will be made public on May 9, 2006. [http://www.gamespot.com/news/6140464.html] The latest sources point towards a Thanksgiving 2006 launch date. [http://revolution.ign.com/articles/673/673596p1.html] Nintendo has had a tendency to be coy with release of information regarding the Revolution, leaving some media outlets with the idea that Nintendo was not prepared or did not have the intention to compete with Microsoft's Xbox 360, and Sony's PlayStation 3. Top executives at the company denied that and insisted that they were simply protecting their intellectual property from imitation by competitors before the system is released. Innovations (such as the inclusion of a D-Pad and later an analog stick as standard, wireless controller technology, shoulder buttons, vibrating feedback for controllers, and four controller ports) have been widely disseminated following their mainstream arrival on Nintendo's machines.

Confirmed hardware and technology

Nintendo has announced that IBM had been working with the development of the CPU, codenamed "Broadway." IBM was previously involved with the development of the processor in Nintendo's current system, the GameCube. Broadway has recently been completed and given to Nintendo. Nintendo has also announced that Canadian graphics card maker ATI Technologies is involved with the GPU, which is codenamed "Hollywood". Before the GameCube's release, ATI had bought ArtX, the company responsible for the GameCube's GPU and whose members were made of former Silicon Graphics employees involved with the Nintendo 64. Nintendo's president, Satoru Iwata, also announced that the Revolution will be backwards-compatible with GameCube games and have built-in Wi-Fi allowing certain games to be played online, provided by Broadcom Corporation [http://cube.ign.com/articles/595/595089p1.html]. Nintendo is providing an optional PC-compatible wireless router for use by consumers that do not already have access to a wireless connection. The accessory is compatible with the Nintendo DS and will be with the Revolution. While no ethernet port is planned, Nintendo has suggested ethernet may be possible for the system with USB via an adaptor. MoSys, whose 1T-SRAM memory technology was used in the GameCube, will again provide the random access memory technology for Revolution. Nintendo has gone on record as stating that the Revolution will use standard DVD/CD size optical discs. Nintendo would not be specific when asked about which format would be used. It will also have the ability to play DVD movies with an undisclosed add-on (most likely a hardware dongle). Presumably this is to avoid paying royalties and lower the cost of the system. While all major Nintendo consoles to date have expansion serial ports, none have been announced for Revolution. Other information states that Revolution will be able to hook up to a computer monitor as well as a TV, dating back to May 2003. However, Nintendo has confirmed that at this point in time, they are not supporting HDTV output for the Revolution, however, 480p will be standard. [http://cube.ign.com/articles/624/624200p2.html] It has been confirmed by NOA's Reggie Fils-Aime that the Revolution will not support HD whatsoever. Nintendo also has said the console will be "sleek", approximately the thickness of three DVD cases (pictures are of the prototype, which is three DVD cases large), considerably thinner than the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3. It will stand both horizontally and vertically. This new industrial design will also address remarks regarding the GameCube's unique look which some have complained does not fit in amongst most home entertainment components. The console has also been stated to be a very quiet system in comparison to the fan noise output by most gaming consoles and will also be more affordable than it's competitors. [http://www.nintendo.com/newsarticle?articleid=9594f668-5342-4b38-8eb1-d6bf479c4139&page=home]. Nintendo recently sent a e-mail to members of the gaming press saying that there are "a mere 165 days to go (give or take)" until they will reveal "all the incredible details about Nintendo's upcoming games and hardware, including our next home console, code-named Revolution." (quote from gamespot as of November 28, 2005)[http://www.gamespot.com/news/6140464.html][http://cube.ign.com/articles/671/671782p1.html] This would mean that this information is going to be revealed on May 9, 2006, most likely at Nintendo's pre-E³ conference.

Controller

E³ The Nintendo Revolution controller, unveiled at Tokyo Game Show 2005, has a shape reminiscent of a television remote control and operates like a mouse in three-dimensional real-space. The controller is also a reminiscent of the Nintendo 64, and NES in terms of the buttons. The controller is a major departure from the last twenty years of console design. Two sensors near the television allow the controller to sense its position in three-dimensional space; other sensors in the controller itself allow it to sense its tilt and yaw. Players can thus mime actions (and receive "rumble pak" style vibration feedback) instead of simply pushing buttons. An early marketing video [http://media.cube.ign.com/articles/651/651334/vids_1.html] showed actors miming such actions as fishing, cooking, drumming, conducting an orchestra, shooting a gun, sword fighting, and performing dental surgery. The video can also be found here [http://www.nintendo.com/pop_video.vm?url=/mediaFiles/1gU-iPnJmxfd1N2RUaeDUUbGZBz--ozJ.mov&width=400&height=420 ]. To communicate with the sensors, the Revolution's controller uses Bluetooth technology. [http://www.gamesradar.com/news/default.asp?pagetypeid=2&articleid=37344&subsectionid=2504] Bluetooth A digital directional pad is positioned at the top of the controller face, with a large GameCube-styled A button directly below it and a trigger on the underside acting as the B-button. Below the A button is a row of three small buttons: Start, Home, and Select. Near the bottom end of the controller are two additional buttons labeled lowercase a and b (labeled X and Y in promotional videos), suggesting that users can turn the controller 90 degrees and use it like a classic NES controller. Beneath these buttons are four lights which indicate which "port" is being used--at present, up to four players are expected to be able to play on a single Revolution console. NES The controller can also slip inside or be attached to peripherals through a proprietary port on its bottom end. A tethered peripheral with an analog stick and two shoulder buttons (labeled Z1 and Z2) will, according to Satoru Iwata, be bundled with the free-hand controller (letting the user play games "nunchaku-style"). A "shell" peripheral is also slated to release for the Revolution that will be "very similar in style and form to the Wavebird" [http://www.engadget.com/entry/1234000297061506/]. The official name for this is the "Classic-Style Expansion Controller". According to Iwata, it is meant for playing "the existing games, virtual console games, and multi-platform games" ([http://www.irwebcasting.com/050916/03/ff3672f7df/main/index_hi.htm TGS 2005 keynote], 40:43). The freehand controller will slide into a hole in the top of the classic controller, and thus it will retain the freehand controller's position sensing capabilities. IGN has an article called "Understanding the Revolution Controller", which discusses the shell as well as includes a mock-up of what the shell might look like. [http://cube.ign.com/articles/651/651559p1.html] Nintendo promises a wide variety of peripherals ranging from dance mats to analog game controllers. It is possible that they may be inexpensive enough to be bundled with games much like the rumble pack, expansion pack, and microphone for Star Fox 64, Donkey Kong 64, and Mario Party 6 respectively. Mr. Iwata has confirmed that the sensors will be compatible with any television, including projectors. Also," Miyamoto added before exiting the stage [of Japan's Digital Interactive Entertainment Conference], "there are still secrets to this controller, and these will be revealed next year." What secrets could the controller yet still hold? There is much speculation that Nintendo may opt to place a microphone into the controller, or some kind of port where you could plug in a headset on the controller. Nintendo has continuously shown interest in voice-controlled/influenced games, as shown in the Nintendo DS title Nintendogs and the GameCube titles Mario Party 6 and Mario Party 7, which both use the GameCube's microphone peripheral. Nintendo has also stated that the odd real-time Japanese war/pinball simulator, Odama, will also use the GameCube's microphone peripheral for directing troops. Also, it should be noted that a microphone/headset could be useful for communication during online play, as that in the Nintendo WiFi Connection.

Known specifications

Due to the relatively early stages of development, specifications may change before the console's final release. According to a recent interview with Nintendo of Europe's Jim Merrick, Nintendo may never release a complete system specification, citing that the exact technology is irrelevant, and has little bearing on how "satisfying" the gameplay is [http://www.eurogamer.net/article.php?article_id=61492].
- Processors:
- IBM PowerPC CPU "Broadway":
- Has been recently completed
- ATI GPU "Hollywood":
- Supposedly "one development source we spoke to had this to say of the Revolution CPU and GPU: "Basically, take a GameCube, double the clock rate of the CPU and GPU and you're done." source: [http://revolution.ign.com/articles/673/673799p1.html]
- Memory:
- 512 MB 1T-SRAM by MoSys
- A few developers have told the media that there will only be between 96 and 128 MB of RAM [http://gamesindustry.biz/news.php?aid=13482]
- 512 MB built-in expandable flash memory
- 16 MB DRAM or D-RAM
- Ports and peripherals:
- Two USB 2.0 ports.
- Wireless controllers.
- Possibly a single proprietary output for video and audio.
- 4 × Nintendo GameCube controller ports and 2 × Nintendo GameCube memory card ports (for compatibility).
- Optional USB PC-compatible 802.11b wireless router.
- Media:
- Slot loading optical disc drive compatible with both 12 cm and 8 cm proprietary optical discs (again, for GameCube compatibility) as well as standard DVD discs. The proprietary optical discs will hold 4.7 GB (single layered) and 8.5 GB (double layered).
- 2 × front loading SD memory card slots.
- Nintendo has announced that the Revolution will have a content ratings system in its console, having age restrictions as follows: PEGI 3+, 7+, 12+, 16+,18+, and ESRB EC, E, E10+, T, M, and AO.
- Networking:
- Wi-Fi by the Broadcom Corporation:
- Built-in 802.11b & 802.11g support.
- No Ethernet port built-in, though Iwata has mentioned that a USB-attachment Ethernet port peripheral will be released, though no further information is known.
- Final version will be smaller than the presented E³ prototype, which is "about the size of three stacked standard DVD cases" (as quoted from the conference).

Features

Online arguments commenced when Nintendo of America's Vice President of Corporate Affairs, Perrin Kaplan, announced there would be no HD support for their upcoming system. Kaplan stated beautiful graphics and innovative gameplay could be achieved without HD and that abstaining from the technology would help keep the cost of games down. In reaction, major Internet based magazines like IGN.com organized letter writing campaigns to protest against Nintendo regarding the decision and urging consumers to take action [http://cube.ign.com/articles/625/625423p1.html]. A website called 1080up.org was also formed specifically for lobbying Nintendo to include the feature but so far nothing clear has come from it.

Backwards compatibility

The Nintendo Revolution has reportedly been designed to be compatible with Nintendo GameCube software and most peripherals. Standing vertically, the top of Revolution has four GameCube controller ports that will allow the system to be compatible with ordinary GameCube controllers, Nintendo's wireless Wavebird controller, the DK Bongos, the Nintendo GameCube Game Boy Advance cable, and the Dance Dance Revolution Mario Mix dance pads. It also features two memory card slots that should be fully compatible with all generations of GameCube memory cards ("Memory Card 59", "Memory Card 251", and "Memory Card 1019") and the Nintendo GameCube Microphone. The Nintendo Revolution is designed to accept the tiny Nintendo GameCube discs through the same slot-loading disc drive that will accept standard-sized Revolution game discs and DVD movies; this is a first for slot-loading disc drives, which typically only accept discs of one standard size. Nintendo is no stranger to backwards compatibility, as the Game Boy Advance can play older Game Boy Color and original Game Boy games, and the DS can play Game Boy Advance games. Many have criticized the Xbox 360 for including only partial backwards compatibility with Xbox games, which does not include many recent releases, though it seems Nintendo is making compatibility a high priority. However, it is unclear if it will have the high-speed port required for use with the Game Boy Player accessory, but it is unlikely because of the difference in the Revolution's and the GameCube's size (a rectangle against an almost quadratic footprint with different measures).

Virtual console

Nintendo has announced that Revolution will have the ability to play all the Nintendo-produced Nintendo 64, SNES/Super Famicom, and Nintendo Entertainment System/Famicom games; the software may be recompiled or emulated but will be offered via the Nintendo online download service. Satoru Iwata refers to this feature as the "Virtual Console". According to a Japanese press release, "all downloaded games will be stored on the 512 [MiB] flash memory built into the system."[http://www.nintendojo.com/infocus/view_item.php?1118165596] To prevent illegal copying, downloaded games will feature a proprietary DRM system. Nintendo announced that the downloadable games may be redesigned. It was also said that although the gameplay would stay the same, it would be possible "that with Revolution, we may be able to see the old games with new looks." (this may be compared to the 1993 SNES release Super Mario All-Stars, a single cartridge containing several classic Super Mario Bros games with updated graphics). Some 3D games may "look sharper when played on Revolution." [http://www.1up.com/do/newsStory?cId=3141582] If the technical aspects of Revolution also go well, "[Nintendo is] discussing the possibility of having older games like Mario Party playable online." Although no specifics have yet been released, there will be fees associated with the "virtual console" feature. Nintendo has suggested that they may give some of the downloadable games away with Nintendo products or through other special offers.[http://www.cnet.com.au/games/hardware/0,39029706,40055184,00.htm] It is also unknown what specific titles will be available or whether third-party developers will release their older games for the Revolution, although it has been said that Nintendo is in talks with these developers for this purpose. Yuji Naka, the designer of Sonic the Hedgehog at Sega, said in an interview with Famitsu, "It's also great that we'll be able to play Famicom and other games via download. I hope Sega games will be playable as well." He also said similar in a recent interview with Nintendo Power. Currently, Nintendo could release more than 200 potential titles (and if, like it has been rumoured, the Revolution is indeed compatible with the Game Boy Player accessory, then over 98 percent of Nintendo's back catalogue could be playable on the system, but does not include Virtual Boy software). Some see Nintendo trying to pattern the most successful strategy used by the music industry against illegal music downloads. Since computers have been powerful enough to emulate past-generation home consoles and the Internet provided an easy, fast, and widely accessible distribution path for ROM images (a file which contains the data for a game which can then be played via an emulator), illegal ROM downloading has been common among a segment of fans of old games. The music industry's most successful method of reducing illegal music downloading has apparently been to offer consumers a way to download music legally for a small cost. If Nintendo is successful at utilizing this model, they may be able to reduce illegal ROM downloading and open up a new revenue stream. This backward-compatibility feature also stands as a new unique selling point against the Revolution's competitors. The unveiling of the new controller has also shed some light on the functionality of the backwards compatibility; specifically, when held sideways, the controller resembles the NES controller. Nintendo recently filed a patent on the interface of the virtual console ([http://www.revolutionreport.com/articles/read/198]), suggesting that it will be a full emulator, as opposed to using re-written games, and that it may be possible to have extra features such as new characters added to the game. According to Jim Merrick, there's a possibility for users to download games from others regions, a feature important to European gamers who could download (for example) Super Mario RPG from an American server. Also according to Jim Merrick, N64 games played on Revolution will have a better frame rate but that there would not generally be any other significant graphical improvements.

Parental controls

The Revolution will feature parental controls, prohibiting young viewers from viewing inappropriate content. This allows parents to set the age level of the system, and when a disc is inserted, it will read the content rating encoded on the game discs; if this rating is greater than the system's age level setting, the game will not load unless the user correctly enters a password to override the setting. For instance, a game carrying an ESRB rating of M for Mature, which is intended for those over the age of 17, will not play on a system that is set to only allow games rated E for Everyone (ages six and older). This will be found in all systems released around the world; it is confirmed that the European units will use the PEGI rating system [http://planetgamecube.com/news.cfm?action=item&id=6665], North American units will use the ESRB rating system [http://www.gamingtarget.com/article.php?artid=4773], and units for the Japanese market will presumably use the CERO rating system. It is unknown what effect this will have on importing and playing games from one region on another region's machine; since Nintendo's consoles are also region locked, it is likely that whatever method importers use to circumvent the regional lock-out would have to override the parental lock-out as well. Some politicians have expressed that they are pleased with this concept. For instance, an article listed on Nintendo's website claims that the governor of Washington state, Chris Gregoire, feels that it "gives parents more information and more control over what video games their kids play and at what age."[http://www.nintendo.com/newsarticle?articleid=z5UnNGZpQKWULzG0z8R501PA5IHoNPr2] However, this may prove unreliable as most parental control systems have a very easy way to reset the password, in case one forgets the password. This method is usually, in fact, in the instruction manual, and therefore, most anybody could bypass a parental lock. Details are currently unknown. The Xbox 360 and the PlayStation 3 video game consoles will feature this as well.

Games in development

:See List of Nintendo Revolution games. Many games featuring Nintendo's classic franchises, such as Mario (most likely the long awaited Mario 128), The Legend of Zelda, Metroid and Super Smash Brothers, have been announced. It has also been hinted that older games such as Kid Icarus will be on the Revolution as well, though as of most of the Revolution's details this has only been based on speculation. Nintendo has also announced that it is in the process of developing an entirely new and original franchise to be added into the Nintendo universe, although all other details about this project are unknown at this time. It has been speculated that the new franchise might be more mature than most previous Nintendo games. Square Enix is working on a sequel Crystal Chronicles title, Ubisoft is releasing Splinter Cell 4 on all major consoles including Revolution, and has announced an exclusive FPS and another non-exclusive game. The exclusive title is being coined off as a 'Doom' clone. Blitz has announced that Possession will come to all three next-gen consoles. Koei and Namco/Bandai (merging) have made announcements that they will make games for Revolution but not what games yet. Also, Camelot has announced that they are currently working on a Revolution RPG. Some rumors say that this may very well be the third Golden Sun game. Killer 7 producer Goichi Suda, aka Suda 51, has confirmed that Grasshopper Manufacture is planning to make a Revolution game. [http://cube.ign.com/articles/661/661552p1.html] According to Game Informer, Hideo Kojima is developing a Revolution game with the team from Kojima Productions that developed Metal Gear Acid. [http://infendo.blogspot.com/2005/10/kojima-working-on-revolution.html] A new video game company called NIBRIS is said to make an exclusive game called "Raid Over The River." It will be a futuristic overhead shooter.

Rumors and speculation

Metal Gear Acid
- A recent patent filed at the US Patent Office, number 6,971,957, describes how Nintendo aims to utilise Displacement Mapping techniques to cut down on the processing power required to generated high quality models. Displacement Mapping is a technique where a high-quality mesh physically transforms (displaces) a lower-quality object. Using the technique, a displacement map can be placed over a mesh of only a few hundred polygons and still look as comparable to a model consisting over thousands, even millions, of polygons. What this means in effect is that by using displacement mapping, Revolution games could look as good as Xbox 360/PlayStation3 titles without the need for high-powered processors such as CELL.
- Based on the specs available, IGN predicts that the system will cost $150, but might come in at $100. Historically, Nintendo consoles have been lauched with a $200 price tag, although the N64 had a $250 price tag that was quickly cut to $200.
- Nintendo will probably have multiple colors for the Revolution. Five colors were shown at E³: White, Silver, Black, Red, and Lime.
- The Revolution may have connectivity with the Nintendo DS or Nintendo's next handheld system (seeing as Nintendo says that the Nintendo DS is not the next Game Boy system). Nintendo Power magazine has said this is likely in its July 2005 issue. A reported interview with Mr. Miyamoto seems to confirm this; however, the legitimacy of the source is unknown.[http://www.aussie-nintendo.com/content/news_archives/gen_nin.php?subaction=showfull&id=1118895694&archive=&s%20tart_from=&ucat=5 ]
- Several publications are citing an anonymous source inside Nintendo that claims the system will be renamed "Revo". The source has released images of what could be 2.5GHz IBM G5 Custom cores, with 128 KiB of level 1 cache and a 512 KiB shared level 2 cache, while the graphics will be powered by a dual core ATI RN520 chipset, with 16 MiB of on-board eDRAM for the frame buffer."[http://www.gamesindustry.biz/news.php?aid=8658] Current rumors from the same website provides new, as well as contradictory, details to the first report: "The specifications [...] suggest that the system will be powered by two 1.8Ghz IBM PowerPC G5 processors, a 600Mhz graphics chip from ATI and a 7.1 Digital Sound chipset. The console will apparently sport 128MiB of high speed 1T-SRAM as main memory, along with 256MiB of slower DRAM, while the graphics chip has 12MiB of on-board high speed RAM. 6GiB proprietary DVD-size discs, designed by Panasonic, would be used for Revolution's games. 1 "[http://www.nintendojo.com/infocus/view_item.php?1118705713] The contradictions make it evident that some, if not all the information presented by this source, is incorrect.
- Additionally, Jim Merrick of NoE stated that the hardware specs won't be released far from the Revolution's Launch, if ever. This is an attempt to put down the importance of specifications (which are now almost certain to be low), and the fact that the Non-Gamers, an audience they're trying to reach, may not care.
- Another rumor on the specs - According to a rumor, the Nintendo Revolution will have a dual-threaded IBM Custom PowerPC 2.5 GHz with 256 KB L1 cache and 1 MB of L2 cache (an L3 cache is rumored), an ATI R520-based custom GPU core at 600 MHz with 256 MiBs of 1T-SRAM with a average in game performance of 100 million polygons per second and 50 billion shader operations per second, and an Aegia PhysX PPU with 32MB 1T-SRAM. [http://forums.g4tv.com/messageview.cfm?catid=8&threadid=489191&FTVAR_MSGDBTABLE=&STARTPAGE=3#top] Factor 5 president Julian Eggebrecht responded by saying that Han_Solo is not a employee of Factor 5, does not speak for Factor 5, and might be facing possible legal action from Factor 5. Yet another possibility is that the Revolution will use two dual-core PowerPC chips by IBM, with each core running at 2.5 ghz and a fifth single-core processor running at 3.2ghz. However, this is highly unlikely. [http://cube.ign.com/mail/2005-09-26.html]
- Many gamers hope that the Revolution's specs would be similar to the specs for Nintendo's Revolution System 2 prototype. Something like: CPU: IBM Custom PowerPC 2.5 GHz + 4 internal Power PC G5 cores running at 2.5 GHz each. Each core will have 128 KB L1 cache. The whole CPU will share 512 of L2 cache. Dual Threaded so there will also be two hardware threads per core, 8 hardware threads total. 15 billion dot product operations per second 2 GPU cores running at 500 MHz. Now this says there will be HD support up to the resolution as above... Each GPU will have 256 MB of GDDR4 RAM 28 way parallel floating-point dynamically scheduled shader pipelines for each core with unified shader architecture. Polygon Performance: 500 million triangles per second theoretical, average in game would be around <100 Million/sec> Shader Performance: 52 billion shader operations per second Internal Flash Drive with 512 MB of memory. 512 MB of 700 MHz Updated 1T-SRAM Revolution will support a PPU chip (Physical Processing Chip). There will be 32 MB’s of its own RAM, which will link to the CPU and GPU and the Controller.
- A Nintendo of Europe Executive (Jim Merrick) has claimed that "there would be no significant difference between the graphical abilities of the console compared to other next generation systems". This suggests that the graphical abilities of the Revolution are likely to be almost comparable to those of the Xbox 360 and perhaps even the Playstation 3.
- There is speculation that there may be up to 50 games ready for launch. A third Super Smash Bros. game with online play is said to be bundled in with the Revolution.
- Classic Sega titles may also be made available for download, in addition to classic Nintendo titles. This potentially includes titles released for the Sega Master System, Sega Genesis/Megadrive, Sega CD, Sega 32x and Sega Saturn. Some of the CD-based games would need to be either stored on external SD cards that the Revolution supports or delivered on optical discs, given the system's expected 512MiB of internal storage. These rumors were sparked by comments made by Sega on the Nintendo Revolution. [http://www.eurogamer.net/article.php?article_id=60168]
- A new Kid Icarus game was hinted to be in development by Shigeru Miyamoto in an interview with IGN.
- Mario Revolution is likely to be the long developed Super Mario 128, considering comments by Mr. Miyamoto. [http://www.gamespot.com/news/2005/06/16/news_6127632.html]
- Pilotwings 3 may be slated for a Nintendo Revolution release, after being cancelled for the GameCube.
- Konami may be in the process of developing two projects for Revolution.
- An ad circulating on the net states "A new experience is coming. The revolution starts March 2006". This could be a potential release date. Another rumor previously suggested a November 2006 release. Newer Information discredits the original rumour. Nintendo President Satoru Iwata said the Revolution will not launch until its fiscal year ends, which is March 31st.
- Nintendo may utilize an internally developed proprietary visual distortion method to be applied to all of the games compatible with the Nintendo Revolution, including NES, SNES, N64, GameCube and Revolution titles.
- Nintendo or a third-party company may develop an Ethernet port accessory compatible with the system's USB 2.0 ports.
- It has been rumored that the Nintendo Revolution will have the ability to download Nintendo DS video game demos that you will be able to receive on your Nintendo DS. [http://nrupdates.qj.net/][http://www.addict3d.org/index.php?page=viewarticle&type=news&ID=10157]
- Nintendo has been strongly hinting that not every major feature with regards to the Nintendo Revolution, and specifically its controller, has been revealed, likening it to the way that they first only revealed the fact that the Nintendo DS would have two screens, and only later revealing that it had a touchscreen, microphone, and wireless capabilities. According to Nintendo of Europe's Jim Merrick, they "have not shared everything that there is to know about Revolution or its controller. (...) C'mon, we're Nintendo - we like to hold things until the very end!". [http://www.gamesradar.com/news/default.asp?pagetypeid=2&articleid=37344&subsectionid=2504]
- Third-party developers such as Activision, Atari, Capcom, Electronic Arts, Konami, Midway, Sega, and THQ have said positive comments about the Revolution and it may be possible they are supporting the system, but have not announced any specific games themselves.
- Some websites are claiming the Revolution will be released (meaning sold) on May 9, 2006 and Nintendo says it plans to release the Revolution with a 14 week worldwide span, meaning Europe may not have to wait until 2007. Noteworthy is that on that date more information about the console will be released, although no mention of a full release had been made.
- It has been suggested that the reason that Nintendo released the information about the real-space controller was because they caught wind of a "pitch" and "yaw" handheld extension of the EyeToy was being considered for the PlayStation3 and so realeased the information to avoid accusations of plagiarism.
- The GPU is believed to be being developed by the same team formerly known as the Californian firm ArtX which developed the graphics chip of both the GameCube and its predecessor, the Nintendo 64, before being purchased by ATI
- Current information on Revolution specs gathered by IGN from developers has caused a stir among gamers as many are simply referring to it as a "beefed up xbox" due to the fact its capability is merely (or even less than) twice that of the gamecube, compared to other next gen consoles which are several times more powerful than their predecessors. According to developers the Revolution will have 104Mb of ram, 16MBs of D-RAM 88MBs of 1T-SRAM, highly likely around 800Mhz (compared to 512 MBs 700 MHz GDDR3 RAM on the Xbox360 and 256 MBs 700 MHz GDDR3 VRAM and 256 MBs 3.2GHz high spec Rambus XDR RAM in the PlayStation3. The CPU is said to be an upgraded version of the current (gamecube's) Gekko CPU. However, Nintendo officials have continually stated that the Revolution is not about power, and instead about presenting an affordable, innovative way of gaming, although it does cast doubt on weather all games ported to the Revolution from other 7th generation consoles may have to be 'watered down' to cope with the Revolution's hardware. However, developers are still without final specifications for it's ATI-developed graphics chip, codenamed Hollywood. So, right now, there is still a chance the specs might be changed.
- There is talk of expected 3rd party and/or freeware (or even pirate) emulation systems for the Revolution that may allow it to play games based on consoles of non-Nintendo origin and might even include PS1 games. Conincidentally there has also been talk of similar items for Xbox360 and PlayStation3, with one forum-group of programmers talking of constructing a Revolution emulator optimized for PS3's hardware, allowing you to play non real space controller based Revolution games on the PS3, beginning development shortly after the release of the PS3.
- Nintendo has filed patents [http://www.playbomb.com/2005/12/11/124/nintendo-displacement-mapping-patents-discoverec/] related to a technology known as displacement mapping, a method used to reduce processor strain and improve graphics. This may allow the Revolution to support graphics reasonably closer (or potentially better) to its competitors than such a technically inferior processor would normally allow.
Gallery
Image:NintendoRevolution.jpg Image:Nintendo-revolution1.jpg Image:Nintendo-revolution2.jpg Image:Nintendo-revolution3.jpg Image:Nintendo-revolution4.jpg Image:Nintendo-revolution5.jpg Image:Nintendo-revolution6.jpg Image:RevolutionController.jpg Image:Revolution09.jpg Image:revcon screen005.jpg Image:Revo analog1.jpg Image:Revcon screen006.jpg

See also

- List of Nintendo Revolution games
- Nintendo GameCube
- Nintendo DS
- List of video games published by Nintendo
References

- [http://www.nwizard.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1 Information on Nintendo's Wireless Router]
- [http://www.nintendojo.com/infocus/view_item.php?1119809021 Information about system titles in development]
- [http://www.nintendojo.com/infocus/view_item.php?1118165596 Nintendojo news update] Press release with post-E³ information about Revolution.
- - Official Nintendo pre-E³ Presentation of "Revolution" prototype
- [http://www.n-sider.com/articleview.php?articleid=344 N-Sider], October 2004 in-depth FAQ
- [http://www.gyration.com/intl/uk/pr-nintendo_uk.htm Gyration], September 24, 2001 Press release involving Nintendo investment
- [http://cube.ign.com/articles/522/522559p1.html?fromint=1 IGN GameCube FAQ]
- [http://www.gameinformer.com/News/Story/200503/N05.0310.107.55454.htm Game Informer interview with Reggie Fils-Aime]
- [http://cube.ign.com/articles/618/618832p1.html IGN: Revolution Technical Specs] - May 25, 2005
- [http://cube.ign.com/articles/617/617295p1.html IGN - E³ 2005: Revolution Not Final Name]
- [http://cube.ign.com/articles/22/522559p2.html "IGNcube's Nintendo 'Revolution' FAQ"]
- [http://www.nintendojo.com/infocus/view_item.php?1122302454 EGM interview transcript provided by Nintendojo]
- [http://www.revogaming.net/html/modules/news/article.php?storyid=73 Interview giving high hopes for controller in the crowded gaming industry] August 20, 2005
-
- [http://revolution.ign.com IGN Revolution]
- [http://www.revolutionreport.com Revolution Report]
External links

- [http://www.nintendo.com/revolution Nintendo.com/Revolution] Official revolution page
- [http://revolution.ign.com/ IGN: Revolution]
- [http://www.revolutionreport.com/ RevolutionReport.com] The first site dedicated to Nintendo's next console, codenamed the Nintendo Revolution
- [http://nintendo-revolution.blogspot.com Definitive Nintendo Revolution speculation]
- [http://www.seriousgamer007.blogspot.com Highly controversial revolution blog - most likely fake]
- [http://www.revogaming.net/html/modules/news RevoGaming.net]
- [http://revolutionreport.com RevolutionReport.com: A Dedicated Site For The Nintendo Revolution]
- [http://hardware.gamespot.com/Story-ST-15143-2567-x-x-x GameSpot: The Revolution Revealed]
- [http://cube.ign.com/articles/651/651224p1.html IGN: Revolution Controller - The Possibilities]
- [http://media.cube.ign.com/articles/651/651334/vids_1.html Video of controller usage]
- [http://lostgarden.com/2005/09/nintendos-genre-innovation-strategy.html Nintendo Genre Innovation Strategy]
- [http://www.gamingsteve.com/archives/2005/09/why_is_the_revo.php#more Slides from the TGS Keynote announcing the Revolution controller]
- [http://www.gamasutra.com/features/20050928/hong_01.shtml Responses from developers]
- [http://www.1up.com/do/feature?pager.offset=0&cId=3144666 1up: The Revolution Begins Now]
- [http://hardware.gamespot.com/Story-ST-15143-2025-4-6-x Namco/Bandai]
- [http://www.revolutionreport.com/articles/read/106 Koei]
- [http://www.cubed3.com/ Cubed3.com: Nintendo Information/Community]
- [http://www.dsrevolution.com DSRevolution.com: Nintendo - Revolution - DS]
- [http://www.twoop.com/gamespun/ Gamespun] Revolution and other game news. Category:Nintendo Category:Nintendo consoles Category:Seventh-generation video game consoles Category:Wi-Fi ja:レボリューション

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