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U.S. 101

U.S. 101

:For the country-western band, see Highway 101 (band). U.S. Highway 101, or U.S. Route 101 (often just U.S. 101), is a north-south highway that is aligned along the Pacific West Coast of the United States. Its counterpart is U.S. Highway 1 (U.S. 1) aligned along the Atlantic East Coast of the United States (not to be confused with California State Highway 1 (CA/SR-1), also known as the "Pacific Coast Highway"). U.S. Route 101 is often referred to as the Oregon Coast Highway in Oregon, and as the Pacific Highway in parts of Washington and California. Colloquially, the highway is also referred to as The 101 by residents of Southern California or simply 101 by residents of Northern California and Oregon. U.S. Route 101 once was the major north-south link along the Pacific coast. It has been replaced in importance by the highways of the Interstate Highway System, specifically Interstate 5 (I-5), which are more modern in their physical design. Note that this highway is still in use as an alternative to the Interstates throughout its entire length. One of the notable exceptions is where the alignment of I-5 is on the alignment of U.S. Route 101 (that is, the pavement is the same but the route number changed to I-5 and U.S. Route 101 was decommissioned) beginning about one mile (1.6km) east of downtown Los Angeles and continuing south to San Diego. In Southern California, the highway is a heavily traveled commuter route serving the west side of the greater Los Angeles area. The route follows the Hollywood Freeway west from Downtown Los Angeles through the Cahuenga Pass before turning west onto the Ventura Freeway. Communities along the alignment include Hollywood and the southern edge of the San Fernando Valley, and the cities of Burbank, Thousand Oaks, and Agoura Hills. In the San Francisco Bay Area, it is one of the major commuter routes carrying residents of Marin County and San Mateo County (along with Interstate 280) into downtown San Francisco, as well as Silicon Valley. The route crosses the San Francisco Bay, from the city of San Francisco to Marin County, over the Golden Gate Bridge.

Route summary

California

Golden Gate Bridge The south terminus of U.S. Route 101 is in Los Angeles, about one mile east of downtown Los Angeles at the East Los Angeles Interchange, also known as the "Commuters' Complex." This southernmost portion is named the Santa Ana Freeway, inheriting that title as the northerly extension of the roadway now known as Interstate 5. After merging with westbound traffic from the San Bernardino Freeway (I-10), U.S. Route 101 then proceeds northwest via the Downtown Slot under the northern edge of Los Angeles' Civic Center to California State Highway 110 at the Four Level Interchange. Between this interchange and the junction with the California State Route 134 (CA/SR-134) and California State Route 170 (CA/SR-170), US-101 is known as the Hollywood Freeway. At the junction with CA/SR-134 and CA/SR-170 (known as the Hollywood Split) the alignment of U.S. 101 'shifts' to the alignment of CA/SR-134 (i.e. heading northbound, the road's alignment turns left, or westbound) and thereafter is referred to as the Ventura Freeway. Confusingly, the "Hollywood Freeway" name continues northward from this interchange on CA/SR-170, and the "Ventura Freeway" name continues eastward to CA/SR-134. From the Hollywood Split, U.S. 101 is an east-west highway until it reaches Gaviota State Park where it shifts back to a north-south alignment. The east-west geographical alignment of the Ventura Freeway and the north-south designation on freeway signs can be confusing to visitors; the same freeway entrance can often be signed as "101 North" and "101 West"; this is most common in the San Fernando Valley. Beginning at Ventura, the highway closely follows the Pacific coastline (generally no more than one to two miles from the shore) until Gaviota State Park about 23 miles (37 km) west of Goleta. North of Ventura the highway is an intermittent freeway (i.e. there is occasional cross traffic) but there are no traffic signals until one arrives at San Francisco (the last ones were removed in the early 1990s when the section through downtown Santa Barbara were constructed.) Communities and cities along the alignment north of Ventura include Santa Barbara, San Luís Obispo, Salinas, Gilroy, San Jose, Palo Alto, and San Francisco. The highway joins California State Route 46 (CA/SR-46) for about three miles through Paso Robles. The highway also passes through the Gaviota Tunnel 1 mile north of the point where the road heads due north. See the page for the California State Route 1 (CA/SR-1) "Pacific Coast Highway", that runs along the Pacific coastline in California, parallel, and to the west of, U.S. Route 101, for more information. California State Route 1 From at least Gilroy to South San Jose the freeway is called the South Valley Freeway. From San Jose to San Francisco, Highway 101 is also known as the Bayshore Freeway. This segment most likely took its name from the 101A bypass that ran along this path. From the San Francisco county/city line until the junction with Interstate 80 it is named the James Lick Freeway. After that Highway 101 is briefly named Central Freeway before the divided highway ends and traffic follows city streets. Northbound US-101 runs north on Van Ness Avenue and then turns left at Lombard Street (turning right on Lombard leads one to the Crookedest Street in the World). From Lombard Street, northbound US-101 traffic is shifted to Richardson, entering The Presidio, where it becomes a divided highway again, joining California State Highway 1 to cross the Golden Gate Bridge into Marin County, where it is known as the Redwood Highway. From there to the Oregon border, Highway 101 is in some places a freeway and in others a two-lane road. A scenic portion of the route is just north of the Golden Gate Bridge and through the Waldo Tunnel, the first of its kind in 300 miles (the other being the Gaviota Tunnel in Santa Barbara County. In Sonoma County, it is a heavily-traveled, four lane freeway, which will be upgraded to six lanes by 2010. The interchange with California State Route 12 is named the Grape Crush Interchange; like the Orange Crush Interchange in Southern California, it handles major traffic loads, which makes for traffic jams from 6:00 AM through to 8:00 PM. Another scenic portion of Highway 101 within California is in Humboldt County, where it travels through Humboldt Redwoods State Park and a portion of the highway is known as the Avenue of the Giants for the huge, centuries-old redwood trees that can be found there. Shortly north of Crescent City 101 intersects with U.S. Highway 199, which heads northeast as the Redwood Highway, terminating in Grants Pass, Oregon. Highway 101 (no longer called the "Redwood Highway" at this point) continues north along the California coast until it reaches the Oregon border. ----

Oregon

Main article: U.S. Highway 101 (Oregon) Highway 101 enters Oregon four miles south of Brookings, and is seldom out of sight of the Pacific Ocean until it reaches Astoria; the major exception being a significant inland stretch south of Tillamook, Oregon. The stretch between Florence and Yachats is considered one of the more attractive segments of this highway, although there are an abundance of Oregon state parks along the Pacific coast. Because Highway 101 forms the main street of almost all of the coastal towns in Oregon (with the exception of Cannon Beach and others), it is frequently congested and slow. The highway crosses the mouth of the Columbia River over the 4-mile-long Astoria-Megler Bridge at Astoria into Washington, and follows the Columbia downstream to Ilwaco. Ilwaco.]]

Washington

From Ilwaco, Highway 101 follows the Pacific coastline as far as Raymond, from which it proceeds directly north to Aberdeen, offering access from this city into the Olympic National Park. While the AAA has designated this segment north and then east to Port Angeles and Sequim as a scenic byway, some clear-cut logging in the early 1990s has diminished the scenic value of the highway where it crosses the Quinault Indian Reservation. An expressway (super 2) goes through Sequim. East of Port Angeles Highway 101 turns southward, leading to Shelton and its northern terminus in Olympia, the state capital. After going through Shelton US 101 turns into a freeway, merging with Washington State Route 8 and finally ending at Interstate 5.

Historic Route(s)

Parts of Historic Route 101 can still be found in San Diego County between Oceanside and La Jolla under different names, including Interstate 5, Pacific Highway, Camino Del Mar, and Torrey Pines Road. All have been decommissioned, but the roadways still exist and are occasionally signed as Historic 101. Most of Historic 101 between Gilroy and San Francisco is still active, either signed as Business 101 or as Highway 82. The 101A bypass, however, is mostly discontinuous and is paralled by the actual freeway, in some cases serving as an access road to the freeway.

Termini

As of 2004, the highway's "northern" terminus is in Olympia, Washington at an intersection with Interstate 5. Roughly east of the interchange with Washington State Route 112, US-101 is signed east/west, and roughly south of the interchange with Washington State Route 20, US-101 is signed north/ south but having turned around 180 degrees. The direct route between the towns of Aberdeen and Olympia is US 12 and Washington State Route 8. Its southern terminus is in Los Angeles, California at the East Los Angeles Interchange, the world's busiest freeway interchange.[http://www.scvresources.com/highways/east_los_angeles_interchange.htm]

States traversed

The highway passes through the following states (north to south):
- Washington
- Oregon
- California

Related U.S. routes


- U.S. Highway 1 (not actually the "parent" of US 101)
- U.S. Highway 99
- Alternate U.S. Highway 101 (since 1964 replaced with California State Route 1)
- Bypass U.S. Highway 101 (all segments eliminated by 1965)
- List of U.S. Highways

Trivia

Mentioned in the Phantom Planet song "California", the Jackson Browne song "Running on Empty", the Social Distortion song "Highway 101", and the Hayley and the Vibe song "101." Lewis Black also mentions the freeway on his "Luther Burbank Performing Arts Center Blues," which was recorded in Santa Rosa, California. In the video game Sonic Adventure 2, there are two racing levels: "Route 101" (named after US Highway 101) and "Route 280" (named after Interstate 280 (California)). Both highways run through San Francisco, California. San Francisco is also the home of the North American headquarters of Sega, the company that produces the Sonic the Hedgehog video games. The highway is also featured in Cruis'n USA, a racing game in which players drive across the country.

See also


- United States highway

External links


- [http://www.gbcnet.com/ushighways/US101/US101.html Historic California US Highways]
- [http://www.scvresources.com/highways/east_los_angeles_interchange.htm East Los Angeles Interchange Complex]
- [http://www.geocities.com/usend0009/End101/end101.htm Endpoints of US highways]
- [http://www.milebymile.com/main/United_States/California/United_States_101_1/United_States_California_road_map_travel_guides.html Mile By Mile: US 101 Highway Travel Guide: Junction Highway 1 to Oregon Border]
- [http://www.milebymile.com/main/United_States/California/United_States_101_2/United_States_California_road_map_travel_guides.html Mile By Mile: US 101 Highway Travel Guide: Oxnard to Las Croces, Junction of Highway 1] Category:Oregon Coast 101 101 101 101

Highway 101 (band)

Highway 101 is an American country music band whose original lineup was Jack Daniels, Cactus Moser, Curtis Stone and lead singer Paulette Carlson. In the 1980s they scored hits with songs including "The Bed You Made For Me" and "Somewhere Tonight." Carlson left the group (after recording three albums) for a solo career in 1990. Nikki Nelson took Carlson's place and recorded two albums which did not achieve much success. By this time, Daniels had also left. Carlson would later return to the group, but could not regain her former stature and left again. The current lead singer is Chrislynn Lee, who has one album recorded with the group.

Selected Discography


- Highway 101 [Paulette Carlson] (1987)
- Highway 101² [Paulette Carlson] (1988)
- Paint the Town [Paulette Carlson] (1989)
- Greatest Hits [Paulette Carlson] (1990)
- Bing Bang Boom [Nikki Nelson] (1991)
- The New Frontier [Nikki Nelson] (1993)
- Reunited [Paulette Carlson] (1996)
- Latest & Greatest [Paulette Carlson] (1997)
- Big Sky [Chrislynn Lee] (1999)

External links


- [http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/highway_one_o_one/artist.jhtml CMT.com: Highway 101]

Pacific

:For other meanings of Pacific, see Pacific (disambiguation). The Pacific Ocean (from the Latin name Mare Pacificum, "peaceful sea", bestowed upon it by the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan) is the world's largest body of water. It encompasses a third of the Earth's surface, having an area of 179.7 million km² (69.4 million sq miles). Extending approximately 15,500 km (9,600 miles) from the Bering Sea in the Arctic to the icy margins of Antarctica's Ross Sea in the south (although the Antarctic regions of the Pacific are sometimes described as part of the circumpolar Southern Ocean)the Pacific reaches its greatest east-west width at about 5°N latitude, where it stretches approximately 19,800 km (12,300 miles) from Indonesia to the coast of Colombia. The western limit of the ocean is often placed at the Strait of Malacca. The lowest point on earth—the Mariana Trench—lies some 10,911 m (35,797 ft) below sea level. The Pacific contains about 25,000 islands (more than the total number in the rest of the world's oceans combined), the majority of which are found south of the equator. (See: Pacific Islands.) Along the Pacific Ocean's irregular western margins lie many seas, the largest of which are the Celebes Sea, Coral Sea, East China Sea, Sea of Japan, South China Sea, Sulu Sea, Tasman Sea, and Yellow Sea. The Straits of Malacca joins the Pacific and the Indian Oceans on the west, and the Straits of Magellan links the Pacific with the Atlantic Ocean on the east. As the Pacific straddles the ±180° longitude where East becomes West, the Asian side of the ocean (where latitudes are E) is correctly referred to as East Pacific and the opposite side (eastwards) where latitudes are W is the West Pacific. To retain the popular "left is western" and "right is eastern" means of reference, the Western Pacific is thus the East Pacific and the Eastern Pacific the West Pacific. The International Date Line follows the ±180° longitude to the greater part of its North-South demarcation but veers far eastwards around Kiribati (Caroline Island, which, not coincidentally, was renamed Millennium Island) and westwards round the Aleutian Islands as can be seen on the map at International Date Line. For most of Ferdinand Magellan's voyage from the Straits of Magellan to the Philippines, the Portuguese explorer indeed found the ocean peaceful. However, the Pacific is not always peaceful. Many typhoons and hurricanes batter the islands of the Pacific and the lands around the Pacific rim are full of volcanoes and often rocked by earthquakes. Tsunamis, caused by underwater earthquakes, have devastated many islands and wiped out whole towns. Tsunami

Ocean bottom

The ocean floor of the central Pacific basin is relatively uniform, an abyssal plain with a mean depth of about 4270 m (14,000 ft). The major irregularities in the basin are the extremely steep-sided, flat-topped submarine peaks known as seamounts. The western part of the floor consists of mountain arcs that rise above the sea as island groups, such as the Solomon Islands and New Zealand, and deep oceanic trenches, such as the Mariana Trench, the Philippine Trench, and the Tonga Trench. Most of the trenches lie adjacent to the outer margins of the wide western Pacific continental shelf. Along the eastern margin of the Pacific Basin is the East Pacific Rise, which is a part of the worldwide mid-oceanic ridge. About 3000 km (1800 miles) across, the rise stands about 3 km (2 miles) above the adjacent ocean floor. Because a relatively small land area drains into the Pacific, and because of the ocean's immense size, most sediments are authigenic or pelagic in origin. Authigenic sediments include montmorillonite and phillipsite. Pelagic sediments derived from seawater include pelagic red clays and the skeletal remains of sea life. Terrigenous sediments eroded from land masses are confined to narrow marginal bands close to land.

Elevation extremes


- lowest point: -10,924 m (-35,840 ft). at the bottom of the Mariana Trench
- highest point: 0 m (0 ft), sea level.

Water characteristics

Water temperatures in the Pacific vary from freezing in the poleward areas to about 29°C (84°F) near the equator. Salinity also varies latitudinally. Water near the equator is less salty than that found in the mid-latitudes because of abundant equatorial precipitation throughout the year. Poleward of the temperate latitudes salinity is also low, because little evaporation of seawater takes place in these frigid areas. The surface circulation of Pacific waters is generally clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere (the North Pacific Gyre) and anti-clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. The North Equatorial Current, driven westward along latitude 15°N by the trade winds, turns north near the Philippines to become the warm Japan or Kuroshio Current. Turning eastward at about 45°N, the Kuroshio forks and some waters move northward as the Aleutian Current, while the rest turn southward to rejoin the North Equatorial Current. The Aleutian Current branches as it approaches North America and forms the base of an anti-clockwise circulation in the Bering Sea. Its southern arm becomes the chilled slow, south-flowing California Current. The South Equatorial Current, flowing west along the equator, swings southward east of New Guinea, turns east at about 50°S, and joins the main westerly circulation of the Southern Pacific, which includes the Earth-circling Antarctic Circumpolar Current. As it approaches the Chilean coast, the South Equatorial Current divides; one branch flows around Cape Horn and the other turns north to form the Peru or Humboldt Current.

Climate

Only the interiors of the large land masses of Australia, New Guinea, and New Zealand escape the pervasive climatic influence of the Pacific. Within the area of the Pacific, five distinctively different climatic regions exist: the mid-latitude westerlies, the trades, the monsoon region, the typhoon region, and the doldrums. Mid-latitude westerly air streams occur in both northerly and southerly latitudes, bringing marked seasonal differences in temperature. Closer to the equator, where most of the islands lie, steadily blowing trade winds allow for relatively constant temperatures throughout the year of 21-27°C (70-81°F). The monsoon region lies in the far western Pacific between Japan and Australia. Characteristic of this climatic region are winds that blow from the continental interior to the ocean in winter and in the opposite direction in summer. Consequently, a marked seasonality of cloudiness and rainfall occurs. Typhoons often cause extensive damage in the west and southwest Pacific. The greatest typhoon frequency exists within the triangle from southern Japan to the central Philippines to eastern Micronesia. Although more poorly defined than the other climatic regions, two major doldrum areas lie within the ocean, one located off the western shores of Central America and the other within the equatorial waters of the western Pacific. Both areas are noted for their high humidity, considerable cloudiness, light fluctuating winds, and frequent calms.

Geology

The Andesite Line is the most significant regional distinction in the Pacific. It separates the deeper, basic igneous rock of the Central Pacific Basin from the partially submerged continental areas of acidic igneous rock on its margins. The Andesite Line follows the western edge of the islands off California and passes south of the Aleutian arc, along the eastern edge of the Kamchatka Peninsula, the Kuril Islands, Japan, the Mariana Islands, the Solomon Islands, and New Zealand. The dissimilarity continues northeastward along the western edge of the Albatross Cordillera along South America to Mexico, returning then to the islands off California. Indonesia, the Philippines, Japan, New Guinea, and New Zealand—all eastward extensions of the continental blocks of Australia and Asia—lie outside the Andesite Line. Within the closed loop of the Andesite Line are most of the deep troughs, submerged volcanic mountains, and oceanic volcanic islands that characterize the Central Pacific Basin. It is here that basaltic lavas gently flow out of rifts to build huge dome-shaped volcanic mountains whose eroded summits form island arcs, chains, and clusters. Outside the Andesite Line, volcanism is of the explosive type, and the Pacific Ring of Fire is the world's foremost belt of explosive volcanism.

Landmasses

The largest landmass entirely within the Pacific Ocean is the island of New Guinea— the second largest in the world. Almost all of the smaller islands of the Pacific lie between 30°N and 30°S, extending from South-east Asia to Easter Island; the rest of the Pacific Basin is almost entirely submerged. The great triangle of Polynesia, connecting Hawaii, Easter Island, and New Zealand, encompasses the island arcs and clusters of the Cook, Marquesas, Samoa, Society, Tokelau, Tonga, and Tuamotu islands. North of the equator and west of the international date line are the numerous small islands of Micronesia, including the Caroline Islands, the Marshall Islands, and the Mariana Islands. In the southwestern corner of the Pacific lie the islands of Melanesia, dominated by New Guinea. Other important island groups of Melanesia include the Bismarck Archipelago, Fiji, New Caledonia, the Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu. Islands in the Pacific Ocean are of four basic types: continental islands, high islands, coral reefs, and uplifted coral platforms. Continental islands lie outside the Andesite Line and include New Guinea, the islands of New Zealand, and the Philippines. These islands are structurally associated with the nearby continents. High islands are of volcanic origin, and many contain active volcanoes. Among these are Bougainville, Hawaii, and the Solomon Islands. The third and fourth types of islands are both the result of coralline island building. Coral reefs are low-lying structures that have built up on basaltic lava flows under the ocean's surface. One of the most dramatic is the Great Barrier Reef off northeastern Australia. A second island type formed of coral is the uplifted coral platform, which is usually slightly larger than the low coral islands. Examples include Banaba (formerly Ocean Island) and Makatea in the Tuamotu group of French Polynesia.

History and economy

See the Oceania article for information on one set of the Pacific Island states listed below here. Important human migrations occurred in the Pacific in prehistoric times, most notably those of Polynesians from Tahiti to Hawaii and New Zealand. The ocean was sighted by Europeans early in the 16th century, first by Vasco Núñez de Balboa (1513) and then by Ferdinand Magellan, who crossed the Pacific during his circumnavigation (1519-1522). In 1564 conquistadors crossed the ocean from Mexico led by Miguel López de Legazpi who sailed to the Philippines and Mariana Islands. For the remainder of the 16th century Spanish influence was paramount, with ships sailing from Spain to the Philippines, New Guinea, and the Solomons. The Manila Galleons linked Manila and Acapulco. During the 17th century the Dutch, sailing around southern Africa, dominated discovery and trade; Abel Janszoon Tasman discovered (1642) Tasmania and New Zealand. The 18th century marked a burst of exploration by the Russians in Alaska and the Aleutian Islands, the French in Polynesia, and the British in the three voyages of James Cook (to the South Pacific and Australia, Hawaii, and the North American Pacific Northwest). Growing imperialism during the 19th century resulted in the occupation of much of Oceania by Great Britain and France, followed by the United States. Significant contributions to oceanographic knowledge were made by the voyages of the HMS Beagle in the 1830s, with Charles Darwin aboard; the HMS Challenger during the 1870s; the U.S.S. Tuscarora (1873-76); and the German Gazelle (1874-1876). Although the United States took the Philippines in 1898, Japan controlled the western Pacific by 1914, and occupied many other islands during World War II. By the end of that war the U.S. Pacific Fleet was the virtual master of the ocean. Seventeen independent states are located in the Pacific: Australia, Fiji, Japan, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, New Zealand, Palau, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Republic of China (Taiwan), Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu. Eleven of these nations have achieved full independence since 1960. The Northern Mariana Islands are self-governing with external affairs handled by the United States, and Cook Islands and Niue are in similar relationships with New Zealand. Also within the Pacific are the U.S. state of Hawaii and several island territories and possessions of Australia, Chile, Ecuador, France, Japan, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The exploitation of the Pacific's mineral wealth is hampered by the ocean's great depths. In shallow waters of the continental shelves off the coasts of Australia and New Zealand, petroleum and natural gas are extracted, and pearls are harvested along the coasts of Australia, Japan, Papua New Guinea, Nicaragua, Panama, and the Philippines, although in sharply declining volume. The Pacific's greatest asset is its fish. The shoreline waters of the continents and the more temperate islands yield herring, salmon, sardines, snapper, swordfish, and tuna, as well as shellfish. In 1986, the member nations of the South Pacific Forum declared the area a nuclear-free zone in an effort to halt nuclear testing and prevent the dumping of nuclear waste there.

Ports and harbours


- Acapulco (Mexico)
- Anchorage (United States)
- Auckland (New Zealand)
- Brisbane (Australia)
- Callao (Peru)
- Hong Kong (Hong Kong (China (PRC)))
- Honolulu (United States)
- Kobe (Japan)
- Long Beach (United States)
- Los Angeles (United States)
- Panama City (Panama)
- Portland (Oregon) (United States)
- Prince Rupert (Canada)
- San Diego (United States)
- San Francisco (United States)
- Sapporo (Japan)
- Seattle (United States)
- Shanghai (China (PRC))
- Sydney (Australia)
- Taipei (China (ROC))
- Vancouver (Canada)
- Victoria (Canada)
- Vladivostok (Russia)
- Yokohama (Japan)

Bibliography


- Barkley, R.A., Oceanographic Atlas of the Pacific Ocean (1969)
- Cameron, I., Lost Paradise (1987)
- Couper, A., Development in the Pacific Islands (1988)
- Crump, D.J., ed., Blue Horizons (1980)
- Gilbert, John, Charting the Vast Pacific (1971)
- Lower, J. Arthur, Ocean of Destiny: A Concise History of the North Pacific, 1500-1978 (1978)
- Oliver, D.L., The Pacific Islands, 3nd ed. (1989)
- Ridgell, R., Pacific Nations and Territories, 2nd ed. (1988)
- Soule, Gardner, The Greatest Depths (1970)
- Spate, O.H., Paradise Found and Lost (1988)
- Terrell, J.E., Prehistory in the Pacific Islands (1986). :Based on public domain text from US Naval Oceanographer

External links


- [http://www.epic.noaa.gov/epic/ewb/ EPIC Pacific Ocean Data Collection] Viewable on-line collection of observational data
- [http://dapper.pmel.noaa.gov/dchart/ NOAA In-situ Ocean Data Viewer] Plot and download ocean observations
- [http://www.mapsouthpacific.com/ Map South Pacific]
- [http://www.oscar.noaa.gov/datadisplay/ NOAA Ocean Surface Current Analyses - Realtime (OSCAR)] Near-realtime Pacific Ocean Surface Currents derived from satellite altimeter and scatterometer data
- [http://floats.pmel.noaa.gov/floats/ NOAA PMEL Argo profiling floats] Realtime Pacific Ocean data
- [http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/jsdisplay/ NOAA TAO El Nino data] Realtime Pacific Ocean El NIno buoy data
- [http://www.southpacific.org/ South Pacific Organizer] Category:Oceans
- zh-min-nan:Thài-pêng-iûⁿ ko:태평양 ja:太平洋 simple:Pacific Ocean th:มหาสมุทรแปซิฟิก

West Coast of the United States

West Coast
Red states are those bordering the Pacific Ocean.
In general, the term "West Coast" is a nickname for the coastal states of the Western United States, comprising California, Oregon and Washington, and sometimes Alaska and Hawaii (see Pacific States). Occasionally Nevada, not a coastal state, is included as a West Coast state since it is in close proximity. The West Coast is a portion of the West. It has also come to be called "The Coast", especially by New Yorkers, or the "Left Coast," a pun based on its lefthand position on a map of the US as well as its reputation for being more politically liberal than the East Coast or Midwest. The term has been taken by rap music performers when used to refer to a particular school of artists, such as Tupac Shakur and Dr. Dre. The East Coast/West Coast hip hop rivalry has led to violence and much rhetoric. This violence and rhetoric largely subsided by the beginning of the 21st century. It should be noted that the urban centers of Nevada, namely Las Vegas and Reno, as well as Phoenix, Arizona are largely influenced by California culture and thus may be in a sense considered part of the "west coast" despite their inland locales.

See also


- Geography of the Western United States
- List of regions of the United States ja:西海岸

United States Highway 1

United States Highway 1 is a United States highway which parallels the east coast of the United States. It runs 2,390 miles (3,846 km) from Key West, Florida in the south to Fort Kent, Maine at the Canadian border in the north. US 1 parallels Interstate 95, although for a longer route and usually further to the west. It connects the major cities of the east coast, including: Miami, Florida; Fort Lauderdale, Florida; Jacksonville, Florida; Augusta, Georgia; Columbia, South Carolina; Raleigh, North Carolina; Petersburg, Virginia; Richmond, Virginia; Fredericksburg, Virginia; Alexandria, Virginia; Washington, DC; Baltimore, Maryland; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Trenton, New Jersey; Newark, New Jersey; New York, New York; Bridgeport, Connecticut; New Haven, Connecticut; Providence, Rhode Island; Boston, Massachusetts; Portsmouth, New Hampshire; and Portland, Maine. Theoretically, the highway is numbered "US 1" because it is the U.S. Federal Highway furthest east, and north-south highways are numbered east to west; however, several U.S. Highways run east of US 1, such as U.S. Highway 13 and most of U.S. Highway 17. The location of the road may have been influenced by the desires of several large cities to have a "major" road run through them; the location of the fall line at the foot of the Appalachian Mountains may have influenced the highway's location as well. US 1 replaced the pre-existing "NE 1" of the New England Interstate Highway System instituted in 1922. US 1 largely follows the route of the Atlantic Highway and originally shared the same termini of Fort Kent, Maine and Miami, Florida. A major exception is the route between Augusta, Georgia and Jacksonville, Florida, where a more inland route was selected. Early auto trails often overlapped; as a result, in Virginia, it was also known as Jefferson Davis Highway. The section from Miami, Florida to Jacksonville, Florida duplicates the Dixie Highway; that from New York City to Providence, Rhode Island duplicates the Boston Post Road. The names of the old auto trails are still used locally in many places.

Termini

As of 2005, the highway's northern terminus is in Fort Kent, Maine at the Canadian border, where it crosses the Saint John River and intersects Provincial Highway 205. Its southern terminus was originally Miami, Florida and was later extended to Key West, Florida, the southwesternmost island in the Florida Keys, where it is known as the Overseas Highway.

Length / States Traversed

Overseas Highway The highway passes through the following states and jurisdictions:

Route Description

Florida

Overseas Highway In Florida, where signs for U.S. Highways formerly had different colors for each highway, the "shield" for US 1 was red. Florida began using the colored shields in 1956, but during the 1980's the MUTCD was revised to specify only a black and white color scheme for U.S. Highway shields. As such, Federal funds were no longer available to maintain the colored signs. On August 27, 1993, the decision was made to no longer produce colored signs. Since then, the remaining colored signs have gradually been replaced by black-and-white signs; at present, there are a few rare colored ones still in place. US 1 is a designated Blue Star Memorial Highway along its entire route through the state. Markers are placed at various locations, including one in Rockledge, Florida. Florida State Road A1A runs next to the Atlantic Ocean, roughly parallel to US 1 for much of its path through Florida.

Georgia

In Georgia, US Highway 1 is generally a very rural highway, it runs through the historical plantation areas, it goes through the Okefenokee Swamp near the coast of Georgia.

South Carolina

In much of South Carolina, US 1 is known as Two Notch as the road used to be marked by posts into which two notches were carved.

North Carolina

The US Route 1 is known as the "Fall Line Highway" in the state of North Carolina since it runs in the central part of the state in the "Capital" region near Raleigh for 208 miles, it generally goes through the area of peach orchards in the Piedmont Plateau.

Virginia

In Virginia, US 1 is known as the Jefferson Davis Highway.

Washington, DC

From Arlington, Virginia, US 1 enters Washington, DC, running parallel to I-395. It follows 14th Street to Constitution Avenue, where it is multiplexed with US 50. The US 1/50 multiplex continues up 6th and 9th Streets before ending at New York Avenue, where US 50 turns east towards Annapolis, Maryland. US 1 continues its solo route up 6th Street, and finally crosses from the District into the Maryland suburbs via Rhode Island Avenue.

Maryland

In Maryland US Route 1 passes through (from south to north) the border with Washington D.C., Hyattsville, College Park (including the University of Maryland campus), Beltsville, Laurel, Baltimore City where it is known as Washington Boulevard. In Baltimore City it is known as Southwestern Boulevard and Wilkens Avenue, as well as Monroe and Fulton Streets and traverses the North end of the city where its appropriately named North Avenue representing the old boundary of the city. It is then known as Bel Air Road from Northeast Baltimore until Fallston, MD where it becomes the Bel Air Bypass, and finally it becomes Conowingo Road after crossing MD 543. A long section of rural areas, near the mouth of the Susquehanna River where it crosses over the Conowingo Dam the first road to physically cross over a dam in 1927 connects with the upper neck of the Chesapeake Bay, and then hits the Pennsylvania border.

Pennsylvania

Route 1 enters Pennsylvania through Chester County's southern end, where it is known as "Baltimore Pike", and passes through such major Chester County towns as Kennett Square and Oxford. Before intersecting with U.S. Highway 202 in Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania (at an intersection commonly known as "Painter's Crossing"), it passes by Longwood Gardens, a year-round botanical garden attraction. The road winds through Chadds Ford and Wawa, Pennsylvania, wherein it provides an address to the Wawa Dairy Farms, which went on to create Wawa Food Markets, one of the most successful local convenience store chains in the United States. Before arriving in Media, Pennsylvania, it becomes the "Media Bypass," a superhighway that runs to the north of busy downtown Media. "Baltimore Pike," meanwhile, becomes a local road, running parallel to Route 1 through Media and Springfield, Pennsylvania before terminating in West Philadelphia near the University of Pennsylvania. After providing drivers access to Interstate 476 (this interchange is one of the busiest on I-476), the route becomes a local road again, dubbed "Township Line Road", as it continues north through towns such as Springfield, Drexel Hill, and Upper Darby. For a long time, this portion of Route 1 was the only place in all of Delaware County, Pennsylvania containing a Subway restaurant. Passing PA Route 3 in Upper Darby, Pennsylvania, not too far from the SEPTA transit system's 69th Street Terminal, Route 1 drops the "Township Line Road" moniker at Haverford Avenue, which separates Philadelphia and Delaware counties. It is now "City Avenue" (locally known as "City Line Avenue") and acts as a border between the city of Philadelphia and the suburbs of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. St. Joseph's University makes its home on this particular stretch of the route, as do Philadelphia television stations WPVI-TV and WCAU-TV, whose studios happen to be on opposite sides of the roadway. Many of the city's radio stations are located just off of City Avenue, mainly in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania. At the Schuylkill River, Route 1 interchanges (and is even a temporary part of) Interstate 76 (the Schuylkill Expressway portion). This, too, is one of the busiest interchanges in the region, witnessing traffic backups in all directions during morning and afternoon rush hours. Now completely within the Philadelphia city limits, it becomes the Roosevelt Expressway over the river and finally just the Roosevelt Boulevard. This portion of Route 1 is the proverbial lifeline of those wishing to access Northeast Philadelphia and regularly sees traffic tie-ups at all of its major intersections. The Roosevelt Boulevard portion of Route 1 is separated into two sections in each direction (a superhighway "inner drive" portion and a local road "outer drive" portion) and is home to the intersections of Northeast Philadelphia streets Red Lion Road and Grant Avenue, two of the top three most dangerous intersections in the United States. Riders will also pass by the large outdoor Roosevelt Mall and the Northeast Philadelphia Airport before Route 1 meets up with the Pennsylvania Turnpike (at the toll road's "Philadelphia" interchange) just across the Philadelphia/Bucks county line. In Bucks County, Pennsylvania, Route 1 becomes the "Lincoln Highway", an accident-prone superhighway that ferries motorists to and from northeastern Bucks County towns such as Bensalem and Langhorne. The latter suburb is home to suburban Philadelphia landmarks Oxford Valley Mall and the Sesame Place amusement park, based on characters from PBS' Sesame Street program. Crossing Interstate 95, it proceeds through Morrisville, Pennsylvania before crossing the Delaware River into Trenton, New Jersey, acting as one of the main bridges in the New Jersey capital's general area. List of major junctions
- Chester County
  - PA Route 52
  - U.S. Highway 202
  - U.S. Highway 322
- Delaware County
  - Interstate 476
  - PA Route 3
  - Haverford Avenue
- Philadelphia County/Montgomery County
  - U.S. Highway 30
  - Interstate 76/Schuylkill Expressway
- Philadelphia County
  - PA Route 73
  - PA Route 63
  - Pennsylvania Turnpike
- Bucks County
  - PA Route 413
  - Interstate 95
  - U.S. Highway 13

New Jersey

US 1 is 66.1 miles in New Jersey. US 1 begins as the 5.5-mile long Trenton Freeway from the Pennsylvania state line through the city of Trenton up to Lawrence Township in Mercer County. It then becomes a 4-lane or 6-lane principal arterial highway traveling through the Lawrence and West Windsor townships in Mercer County, the Plainsboro, South Brunswick, North Brunswick, New Brunswick, Edison, and Woodbridge townships in Middlesex County, and the cities of Rahway, Linden, and Elizabeth in Union County. This segment is also known as the Herbert Highway and is 40.0 miles in length. In Newark (Essex County), US 1 becomes a freeway for 3.5 miles and then continues as the General Pulaski Skyway (freeway) after the junction with Interstate 78. The General Pulaski Skyway continues for another 5.6 miles into Kearny and Jersey City in Hudson County. In Jersey City, US 1 leaves the General Pulaski Skyway and heads north as a 4-lane principal arterial road (Tonelle Avenue and Broad Avenue) into North Bergen township in Hudson County and Fairview, Ridgefield, Palisades Park and Fort Lee in Bergen County. This section is 10.3 miles long. US 1 then joins Interstate 95 (together with US 9 and US 46) for about 1.2 miles before crossing the New York state line. US 46 terminates at the state line while US 1 and US 9 continue into New York City. List of major junctions:
- Mercer County
  - US 206
  - Interstate 295
- Middlesex County
  - US 130
  - Interstate 287
  - Garden State Parkway
  - US 9 (southbound) [US 9 and US 1 are multiplexed for 30.2 miles in New Jersey]
- Union County
  - Interstate 278
- Essex County
  - US 22
  - Interstate 78
  - New Jersey Turnpike (Interstate 95)
- Hudson County
  - NJ 139 (to Holland Tunnel)
  - NJ 495 (to Lincoln Tunnel)
- Bergen County
  - US 46 (westbound) [US 46, US 9, and US 1 are multiplexed for 3.2 miles in New Jersey]
  - Interstate 95 (southbound) [US 46, US 9, US 1, and I-95 are multiplexed for 1.2 miles in New Jersey]
  - US 9W
  - Palisades Interstate Parkway

New York

US 1 is 21.7 miles in New York. US 1 enters Manhattan on the George Washington Bridge together with US 9 and Interstate 95. US 9 separates 0.8 miles from the New Jersey state line heading north on Broadway, while US 1 and Interstate 95 continue for another 1.8 miles to the Bronx. US 1 then leaves Interstate 95 (at Exit 2B) traveling for another 6.3 miles in the Bronx before entering Westchester County. US 1 travels for 12.7 miles in Westchester County, going through the villages/cities of Pelham Manor, New Rochelle, Larchmont, Mamaroneck, Rye and Port Chester before entering the state of Connecticut. List of major junctions:
- Manhattan
  - NY 9A
  - US 9 (northbound)
  - Harlem River Drive
- Bronx
  - Interstate 87
  - Interstate 95 (northbound)
  - Bronx River Parkway
- Westchester County
  - Hutchinson River Parkway
  - Interstate 95 (New Rochelle)
  - Interstate 95 and Interstate 287 (Rye)

Connecticut

US 1 runs 117.37 miles in Connecticut. US 1 in Connecticut stays close to Interstate 95 throughout the state and has many junctions with it. It goes through the following towns as the roads listed below. From Greenwich to Branford, US 1 is mostly a 4-lane or 6-lane principal arterial road (with some 2-lane sections in dense areas). From Branford to Stonington, US 1 becomes a 2-lane or 4-lane minor arterial road (it is classified as a principal arterial road within Waterford town).

Route

Greenwich: 5.67 miles; New York State line to Stamford city line
- West Putnam Avenue and East Putnam Avenue
  - Junction with Interstate 95 at Exit 5 Stamford: 3.30 miles; Greenwich town line to Darien town line
- West Main Street, Tresser Boulevard and East Main Street
  - Junction with Interstate 95 at Exit 9 Darien: 3.91 miles; Stamford city line to Norwalk city line
- Boston Post Road
  - Junction with Interstate 95 at Exit 11 and 13 Norwalk: 5.11 miles; Darien town line to Westport town line
- Connecticut Avenue, Van Buren Avenue, Belden Avenue, Cross Street, North Avenue and Westport Avenue
  - Junction with Interstate 95 at Exit 14
  - Junction with U.S. Highway 7 Westport: 4.78 miles; Norwalk city line to Fairfield town line
- Post Road West and Post Road East Fairfield: 5.43 miles; Westport town line to Bridgeport city line
- Post Road, Kings Highway Cutoff and Kings Highway East
  - Junction with Interstate 95 at Exit 19, 23, and 24 Bridgeport: 4.73 miles; Fairfield town line to Stratford town line
- North Avenue and Boston Avenue Stratford: 2.41 miles; Bridgeport city line to Milford city line
- Boston Avenue and Barnum Avenue
  - Junction with Interstate 95 at Exit 33 Milford: 6.26 miles; Stratford town line to Orange town line
- Bridgeport Avenue and Boston Post Road
  - Junction with Interstate 95 at Exit 34 and 39 Orange: 2.86 miles; Milford city line to West Haven city line
- Boston Post Road West Haven: 2.07 miles; Orange town line to New Haven city line
- Boston Post Road New Haven: 4.08 miles; West Haven city line to East Haven town line
- Orange Avenue, Columbus Avenue, Church Street South, Columbus Plaza, Water Street and Forbes Avenue
  - Connection to U.S. Highway 5 East Haven: 1.55 miles; New Haven city line to Branford town line
- Saltonstall Parkway
  - Junction with Interstate 95 at Exit 51 Branford: 6.96 miles; East Haven town line to North Branford town line
- West Main Street, North Main Street and East Main Street
  - Junction with Interstate 95 at Exit 53, 54, and 55 North Branford: 0.06 miles; Branford town line to Guilford town line
- Boston Post Road Guilford: 5.83 miles; North Branford town line to Madison town line
- Boston Post Road
  - Junction with Interstate 95 at Exit 57 and 59 Madison: 5.65 miles; Guilford town line to Clinton town line
- Boston Post Road
  - Junction with Interstate 95 at Exit 62 Clinton: 3.30 miles; Madison town line to Westbrook town line
- West Main Street and East Main Street Westbrook: 3.91 miles; Clinton town line to Old Saybrook town line
- Boston Post Road Old Saybrook: 4.99 miles; Westbrook town line to Old Lyme town line
- Boston Post Road and Interstate 95 Old Lyme: 5.78 miles; Old Saybrook town line to East Lyme town line
- Interstate 95, Neck Road, Halls Road and Boston Post Road
  - Junction with Interstate 95 at Exit 70 East Lyme: 4.83 miles; Old Lyme town line to Waterford town line
- Boston Post Road
  - Junction with Interstate 95 at Exit 75 Waterford: 4.78 miles; East Lyme town line to New London city line
- Boston Post Road New London: 3.62 miles; Waterford town line to Groton town line
- Bank Street, [Bank Street, Jefferson Avenue] (Colman Street), Colman Street, [South Frontage Road] (North Frontage Road) and Interstate 95
  - Junction with Interstate 95 at Exit 83 Groton: 7.23 miles; New London city line to Stonington town line
- Interstate 95, [I-95 ramp] (Long Hill Road, Gold Star Highway), Long Hill Road, Poquonnock Road, Fort Hill Road, New London Road and West Main Street
  - Junction with Interstate 95 at Exit 85 and 86 Stonington: 8.27 miles; Groton town line to Rhode Island State line
- East Main Street, Broadway, Roosevelt Street, Williams Avenue, Stonington-Westerly Road, South Broad Street and West Broad Street
  - US 1A (1.93 miles) loop route (North Water Street, Trumbull Avenue, Alpha Avenue and Elm Street)

Rhode Island

US 1 runs 56.8 miles in Rhode Island. It has a business/bypass split in Warwick where US 1 Business runs along Post Road and US 1 Bypass runs along Post Road Bypass. The business route is officially recognized by the Rhode Island Department of Transportation as US 1.

Route

US 1 takes the following route through the State (South to North):
- Westerly: 6.4 miles; Connecticut State line to Charlestown town line
  - Broad Street, [Main Street, Union Street] (Broad Street), Broad Street, Granite Street, Franklin Street, Post Road and Shore Road
- Charlestown: 7.1 miles; Westerly city line to South Kingstown town line
  - Post Road
- South Kingstown: 7.7 miles; Charlestown town line to Narragansett town line
  - Commander Perry Memorial Highway
- Narragansett: 0.8 miles; South Kingstown town line to South Kingstown town line
  - Commander Perry Memorial Highway
- South Kingstown: 4.6 miles; Narragansett town line to North Kingstown town line
  - Commander Perry Memorial Highway and Tower Hill Road
- North Kingstown: 9.8 miles; South Kingstown line to East Greenwich town line
  - Tower Hill Road and Post Road
- East Greenwich: 2.4 miles; North Kingstown town line to Warwick city line
  - Post Road and Main Street
- Warwick: 7.5 miles; East Greenwich town line to Cranston city line
  - Post Road, [Post Road, West Shore Road] (Greenwich Avenue, Veterans Memorial Drive), Post Road and Elmwood Avenue
- Cranston: 1.1 miles; Warwick city line to Providence city line
  - Elmwood Avenue
- Providence: 6.3 miles; Cranston city line to Pawtucket city line
  - Elmwood Avenue, Broad Street, [Broad Street, Franklin Street, Service Road #8] (Service Road #7, Broadway), Broadway, [Fountain Street] (Sabin Street), Francis Street, Gaspee Street, Smith Street and North Main Street
- Pawtucket: 3.1 miles; Providence city line to Massachusetts State line
  - Pawtucket Avenue, George Street, [East Avenue] (Park Place West, Dexter Street, Goff Avenue, Summer Street, High Street), Main Street, [Main Street, Walcott Street, North-South Expressway] (Walcott Street, Broadway) and Broadway

Massachusetts

US 1 takes the following route through the state (South to North): Attleborough to Newburyport. MA Route 1A runs alongside Route 1 in four parts of the state. Route 1 is multiplexed with I-93 south of Boston.

New Hampshire

Route

US 1 takes the following route through the State (South to North):
- Seabrook: X.X miles; Massachusetts State line (Salsbury) to Hampton Falls town line
  - Lafayette Road, [Lafayette Road] (Smith Lane, Main Street), and Lafayette Road
- Hampton Falls: X.X miles; Seabrook town line to Hampton town line
  - Lafayette Road
- Hampton: X.X miles; Hampton Falls town line to Portsmouth town line
  - Lafayette Road
- Portsmouth: X.X miles; Hampton town line to Maine state line (Kittery) at Memorial Bridge
  - Lafayette Road, Middle Street, [State Street] (Middle Street, Congress Street, Market Square, Daniel Street), and State Street

Maine

In Maine US Route 1 skirts the Maine coast line, then heads north, hugging the border with New Brunswick. A total of 529 miles lies in Maine, with spurs in York, Portland, Rockland, Bangor, Millbridge, Machias, and Aroostook County.

Related U.S. routes


- U.S. Highway 101 (not a "child" of US 1)
- U.S. Highway 201
- U.S. Highway 301
- U.S. Highway 401
- U.S. Highway 501
- U.S. Highway 601
- U.S. Highway 701

External links


- [http://www.geocities.com/usend0009/End001/end001.htm Endpoints of U.S. highways] (used with permission)
- [http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ Federal Highway Administration Home Page]
- [http://www.marion.ohio-state.edu/fac/schul/trails/national/atlantic.html Control Cities of Atlantic Highway]
- [http://www.ffgc.org/projects/bluestar/ Blue Star Memorial Highway History]
- [http://www.ethomsen.com/ushighway1/ U.S.Highway 1]
001 001 001 001 001 001 001 001 001 001 001 001 001 001 001

East Coast of the United States

the East Coast
Red states show states that have coastlines, while pink shows states that are included as part of the East Coast but do not border the Atlantic Ocean.
The "East Coast," "Eastern Seaboard," or "Atlantic Seaboard" are terms referencing the easternmost coastal states in the United States of America. It includes all thirteen original colonies, as well as such selected places as Washington, DC, Florida and Vermont. People elsewhere in the United States sometimes refer to the East Coast colloquially as "back east". "East Coast" is frequentlty associated with the Northeastern United States, particularly for cultural concepts such as an "Eastern college" or "East-coast liberal"; the Southeast coast is more associated culturally with the larger American South. "East Coast" may also refer even more narrowly to the highly urbanized strip along the coast from Boston, Massachusetts to Washington, D.C., the so-called "BosWash megalopolis", which is also known as the "Northeast Corridor." In the rap music community the term has been embraced in a sense of regional loyalty to New York City. The terms "East Coast" and "West Coast" are often used as metonyms for New York and Los Angeles, respectively. There has been animosity and violence between rappers from each of these groups, though the controversy has waned in recent years. Perhaps the two best-known cases of this animus are that of the murders of The Notorious B.I.G. (of Brooklyn, New York) and Tupac Shakur (of Oakland, California). See also: Geology of the Appalachians Category:Regions of the United States ja:東海岸

California State Route 1

Highway 1, legislatively deemed California State Route 1, runs along the Pacific coast for most of the length of the US state of California. In Southern California it is known as the Pacific Coast Highway or P.C.H., and in parts of central California, it is known as the Cabrillo Highway.

Route Description (north to south)

The highway is famous for some of the most beautiful coastline in the world, which contributed to its designation as an All-American Road. From the north, the highway passes through the cities of Ferndale, Fort Bragg and Bodega Bay before joining with U.S. Highway 101 and entering San Francisco over the Golden Gate Bridge. The highway continues south on the west coast of the San Francisco Peninsula, passing through Devil's Slide, on through Half Moon Bay to Santa Cruz and Monterey. Several miles south of Carmel, State Route 1 crosses the Rocky Creek Bridge and then the scenic Bixby Creek Bridge, a reinforced concrete arch with a 320-foot span that passes over the Bixby Creek gorge. The highway then continues south through the cliffs of Big Sur, then past Hearst Castle, and on to the coastal cities of San Luis Obispo, Pismo Beach and Lompoc. Route 1 joins US 101 south of Buellton and passes through Santa Barbara. About 3 miles south of the Santa Barbara County line, California State Route 1 separates from US 101 to travel along the beach from the Mobil Pier Undercrossing to Emma Wood State Beach where it rejoins US 101 and travels through Ventura. Ventura California State Route 1 then separates from US 101 as it enters Oxnard and connects to such Southern California beach cities as Malibu, Pacific Palasades, Santa Monica, Manhattan Beach, Redondo Beach and Torrance. South of the Los Angeles area, "PCH" winds through cities which include Long Beach (where it intersects with Lakewood Boulevard CA-19 and Los Coyotes Diagonal at the "infamous" Long Beach Traffic Circle), Signal Hill, Seal Beach, Sunset Beach, Huntington Beach, Newport Beach, Corona del Mar, Crystal Cove, Laguna Beach, South Laguna, Monarch Beach and Dana Point. In the "downtown" section of Dana Point, State Route 1 splits into two one-way avenues for approximately one mile (1.6 kM). The northbound traffic continues along the original PCH alignment whilst southbound commuters are diverted onto Del Prado Street at the intersection of Street of the Blue Lantern. Del Prado Street and Pacific Coast Highway parallel each other until they are rejoined at the intersection of Street of the Copper Lantern. There are a number of businesses and services (including the Dana Point Post Office) that are located in between the north- and southbound lanes. Caution needs to be observed when exiting their parking lots – remember to always turn left ! For most of its length, from roughly San Luis Obispo northward, State Route 1 is a winding, two lane road with occasional passing lanes, except between Watsonville and Santa Cruz, where it is a multi-lane freeway, between Colma and Daly City, where it is co-signed with Interstate 280 and again a multi-lane freeway, and in San Francisco, where it is six-lane wide 19th Avenue and Park Presidio Boulevard, a major approach to the Golden Gate Bridge. State parks and small coastal towns can be found amongst hundreds of miles of wilderness. Along the southern length, PCH is a wide, multi-laned boulevard and is even part of a freeway as it is co-signed with U.S. Highway 101 in Ventura. Ventura Ventura

State Law

Legal Definition of Route 1: [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/California_Streets_and_Highways_Code%2C_Chapter_2%2C_Article_3%2C_Section_301-635#Route_1 California Streets and Highways Code, Chapter 2, Article 3, Section 301]

Other Names


- Blue Star Memorial Highway: From Junction with I-5 at Dana Point in Orange County to State Hwy Route 101 at Leggett in Mendocino County. Sponsored by the National Council of State Garden Clubs, Inc. as a tribute to the men and women of the Nation's Armed Forces.
- CHP Officer John Pedro Memorial Highway: From Harkins Slough Road to Pajaro River Bridge. Officer John Pedro was killed in the line of duty in a traffic collision.
- Los Angeles County Vietnam Veterans Memorial Highway: Portion in L.A. County.
- Louis J. Papan Highway: From Interchange at Skyline Boulevard to Southern City Limits of Pacifica. "Assemblyman, chair numerous committees, aided poor."
- Orange County Korean War Veterans Memorial Highway: From San Juan Capistrano to Golden West Street in Huntington Beach.
- San Simeon Highway: From San Luis Obispo to Monterey. Named by historical and long local usage in the County of San Luis Obispo.
- U.S. Submarine Veterans of WWII Memorial Highway: From Golden West St in Huntington Beach to Orange County Boundary.
- Ventura County Vietnam Veterans Memorial Highway: Portion in Ventura County. Source: [http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/tsip/HSEB/products/named_freeways_2004.pdf 2004 Named Freeways, Highways, Structures and Other Appurtenances In California]

See also


- U.S. Highway 101

External links


- [http://www.westcoastroads.com/california/ca-001.html WestCoastRoads - California 1]
- [http://www.cahighways.org/001-008.html#001 California Highways: CA-1]
- [http://www.geocities.com/bennyp81/ca1.html The Big Highways Page: California Route 1]
- [http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/traffops/signtech/calnexus/reports/onenorth.htm Cal-NExUS: Route 1 North]
- [http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/traffops/signtech/calnexus/reports/onesouth.htm Cal-NExUS: Route 1 South] 001 Category:All-American Roads

Washington

Washington is a state in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The state is named after George Washington, the first President of the United States. The state capital is Olympia, and the largest city is Seattle. As of the 2000 census, the state population was approximately 5.9 million and the state work force numbered about 3.1 million. Residents are called "Washingtonians" (emphasis on the third syllable, which rhymes with bone). It should not be confused with Washington, D.C., the nation's capital. To avoid confusion, the capital is often called simply D.C. and the state often called Washington state. The battleship USS Washington was named originally for President Washington, but was later renamed USS Washington in honor of the state, which is named after President Washington.

History

Prior to the arrival of explorers from Europe, this region of the Pacific Coast had many established tribes of Native Americans, each with its own unique culture. Today, they are most notable for their totem poles and their ornately carved canoes and masks. Prominent among their industries were salmon fishing and whale hunting. In the east, nomadic tribes travelled the land and missionaries such as the Whitmans settled there. The first European record of a landing on the Washington coast was by Spanish Captain Don Bruno de Heceta in 1775 on board the Santiago, part of a two-ship flotilla with the Sonora. They claimed all the coastal lands up to the Russian possessions in the north for Spain. In 1778, British explorer Captain James Cook sighted Cape Flattery, at the entrance to the Strait of Juan de Fuca, but the straits would not be explored until 1789 by Captain Charles W. Barkley. Further explorations of the straits were performed by Spanish explorers Manuel Quimper in 1790 and Francisco Eliza in 1791, then by British Captain George Vancouver in 1792. The Spanish Nootka Convention of 1790 opened the northwest territory to explorers and trappers from other nations, most notably Britain and then the United States. Captain Robert Gray (for whom Grays Harbor county is named) then discovered the mouth of the Columbia river and, beginning in 1792, he established trade in Sea Otter pelts. In 1805 the Lewis and Clark expedition entered the state on October 10. In 1819 Spain ceded their original claims to this territory to the United States. This began a period of disputed joint-occupancy by Britain and the U.S. that lasted until June 15, 1846 when Britain ceded their claims to this land with the Treaty of Oregon. Due to the migration along the Oregon Trail, many settlers wandered north to what is now Washington and settled the Puget Sound area. The first settlement was New Market (now known as Tumwater) in 1846. In 1853 the Northern Pacific railroad line reached Puget Sound, linking the region to the other states. During that same year Washington Territory was formed from part of Oregon Territory. Washington became the 42nd state in the United States on November 11, 1889. Early prominent industries in the state included agriculture and lumber. In eastern Washington the Yakima Valley became known for its apple orchards while the growth of wheat using dry-farming techniques became particularly productive. The heavy rainfall to the west of the Cascade Range produced dense forests and the ports along Puget Sound prospered from the manufacturing and shipping of lumber products, particularly the Douglas fir. Other industries that developed in the state include fishing, salmon canning and mining. By the turn of the 20th century the state of Washington was one of dangerous repute in the minds of many Americans. Indisputably as "wild" as the rest of the wild west, the public image of Washington merely replaced cowboys with lumberjacks, and desert with forestland. One city in particular, Aberdeen, had the distinction of being "the roughest town west of the Mississippi" due to excessive gambling, violence, extreme drug use and prostitution (the city itself changed very little over the years and remained off-limits to military personnel well into the early 1980's). For a long period Tacoma was noted for its large smelters where gold, silver, copper and lead ores were treated. Seattle was the primary port for trade with Alaska and the rest of the country and for a time possessed a large ship-building industry. The region around eastern Puget Sound developed heavy industry during the period including World War I and World War II and the Boeing company became an established icon in the area. During the depression era a series of hydroelectric dams were constructed along the Columbia river as part of a project to increase the production of electricity. This culminated in 1941 with the completion of the Grand Coulee Dam, the largest in the United States. During World War II the Puget Sound area became a focus for war industries, with the Boeing Company producing many of the nation's heavy bombers and ports in Seattle, Bremerton, and Tacoma available for the manufacturing of warships. Seattle was the point of departure for many soldiers in the Pacific, a number of which were quartered at Golden Gardens Park. In Eastern Washington the Hanford Works atomic energy plant was opened in 1943 and played a major role in the construction of the nation's atomic bombs. In 1980, following a period of heavy tremors and eruptions, the northeast face of Mount St. Helens exploded outward, destroying a large part of the top of the volcano. This eruption flattened the forests for many kilometers, killed 57 people, flooded the Columbia River and its tributaries with ash and mud and blanketed large parts of Washington in ash, making day look like night.

Law and government

Washington has 49 Legislative Districts, and elects one Senator and two House members from each district. The majority party is the Democratic Party. Washington State senators and representatives are elected for four year and two year term respectfully. There are no terms limits. Washington's executive branch is headed by a governor elected for a four-year term. The governor may serve up to 4 terms. The current Governor of Washington is Christine Gregoire, a Democrat. She has been governor since 2005. See List of Washington Governors for the complete list of Washington's governors. The Washington Supreme Court is the highest court in the judiciary of the state of Washington. Nine justices serve on the bench, and are elected at large.

US Congress

The two US Senators from Washington are Senator Patty Murray (D) and Senator Maria Cantwell (D). Washington's representatives in the United States House of Representatives are Jay Inslee (D-1), Richard Ray (Rick) Larsen (D-2), Brian Baird (D-3), Richard Norman "Doc" Hastings (R-4), Cathy McMorris (R-5), Norm Dicks (D-6), Jim McDermott (D-7), David Reichert (R-8), and Adam Smith (D-9).

State Elected Officials


- Executive
  - Christine Gregoire, governor (D)
  - Brad Owen, lieutenant governor (D)
  - Sam Reed, secretary of state (R)
  - Rob McKenna, attorney general (R)
  - Mike Murphy, treasurer (D)
  - Brian Sonntag, auditor (D)
  - Terry Bergeson, superintendent of