Rallidae

- Sarothrura
- Himantornis
- Canirallus
- Coturnicops
- Micropygia
- Rallina
- Anurolimnas
- Laterallus
- Nesoclopeus
- Gallirallus
- Rallus
- Lewinia
- Dryolimnas
- Crex
- Rougetius
- Aramidopsis
- Atlantisia
- Aramides
- Amaurolimnas
- Gymnocrex
- Amaurornis
- Porzana
- Aenigmatolimnas
- Cyanolimnas
- Neocrex
- Pardirallus
- Eulabeornis
- Habroptila
- Megacrex
- Gallicrex
- Porphyrio
- Gallinula
- Fulica The family Rallidae is a large group of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. Nearly all members are associated with wetlands. There are exceptions, however, notably the Corncrake which breeds on farmland. The most typical family members occupy dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. Reedbeds are a particularly favoured habitat. They are omnivorous, and those that migrate do so at night: most nest in dense vegetation. In general they are shy and secretive birds, difficult to observe. Most species walk and run vigorously on strong legs, and have long toes which are well adapted to soft, uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and be weak fliers, although nevertheless capable of covering long distances. Island species often become flightless, and many of them are now extinct following the introduction of terrestrial predators such as cats, rats and pigs. Many reedbed species are secretive, apart from loud calls, and crepuscular, and have laterally flattened bodies. In the Old World, long billed species tend to be called “rails” and short billed species “crakes”. North American species are normally called rails irrespective of bill length. The larger species are also sometimes given other names. The black coots are more open water than their relatives, and some other large species are called gallinules. North American

Taxonomy

The family Rallidae has traditionally been grouped with two families of larger birds, the cranes and bustards to make up the order Gruiformes. The alternative Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy, which has been widely accepted in America, raises the family to ordinal level as the Ralliformes.

Species and genera

- Genus Sarothrura (Flufftails)
- White-spotted Flufftail, Sarothrura pulchra
- Buff-spotted Flufftail, Sarothrura elegans
- Red-chested Flufftail, Sarothrura rufa
- Chestnut-headed Flufftail, Sarothrura lugens
- Streaky-breasted Flufftail, Sarothrura boehmi
- Striped Flufftail, Sarothrura affinis
- Madagascar Flufftail, Sarothrura insularis
- White-winged Flufftail, Sarothrura ayresi
- Slender-billed Flufftail, Sarothrura watersi
- Genus Himanthornis
- Nkulengu Rail, Himantornis haematopus
- Genus Canirallus
- Grey-throated Rail, Canirallus oculeus
- Madagascar Wood Rail, Canirallus kioloides
- Genus Coturnicops
- Swinhoe's Rail, Coturnicops exquisitus
- Yellow Rail, Coturnicops noveboracensis
- Speckled Rail, Coturnicops notatus
- Genus Micropygia
- Ocellated Crake, Micropygia schomburgkii
- Genus Rallina
- Chestnut Forest Rail, Rallina rubra
- White-striped Forest Rail, Rallina leucospila
- Forbes's Forest Rail, Rallina forbesi
- Mayr's Forest Rail, Rallina mayri
- Red-necked Crake, Rallina tricolor
- Andaman Crake, Rallina canningi
- Red-legged Crake, Rallina fasciata
- Slaty-legged Crake, Rallina eurizonoides
- Genus Anurolimas
- Chestnut-headed Crake, Anurolimnas castaneiceps
- Russet-crowned Crake, Anurolimnas viridis
- Black-banded Crake, Anurolimnas fasciatus
- Genus Laterallus
- Rufous-sided Crake, Laterallus melanophaius
- Rusty-flanked Crake, Laterallus levraudi
- White-throated Crake, Laterallus albigularis
- Grey-breasted Crake, Laterallus exilis
- Black Rail, Laterallus jamaicensis
- Galapagos Rail, Laterallus spilonotus
- Red-and-white Crake, Laterallus leucopyrrhus
- Rufous-faced Crake, Laterallus xenopterus
- Genus Nesoclopeus
- Woodford's Rail, Nesoclopeus woodfordi
- Bar-winged Rail, Nesoclopeus poecilopterus
- Genus Gallirallus
- Weka, Gallirallus australis
- Calayan Rail, Gallirallus calayanensis
- New Caledonian Rail, Gallirallus lafresnayanus
- Lord Howe Island Rail, Gallirallus sylvestris
- Okinawa Rail, Gallirallus okinawae
- Barred Rail, Gallirallus torquatus
- New Britain Rail, Gallirallus insignis
- Buff-banded Rail, Gallirallus philippensis
- Guam Rail, Gallirallus owstoni
- Roviana Rail, Gallirallus rovianae
- Slaty-breasted Rail, Gallirallus striatus
- Genus Rallus
- Clapper Rail, Rallus longirostris
- King Rail, Rallus elegans
- Plain-flanked Rail, Rallus wetmorei
- Virginia Rail, Rallus limicola
- Bogota Rail, Rallus semiplumbeus
- Austral Rail, Rallus antarcticus
- Water Rail, Rallus aquaticus
- African Rail, Rallus caerulescens
- Madagascar Rail, Rallus madagascariensis
- Brown-banded Rail, Rallus mirificus
- Lewin's Rail, Rallus pectoralis
- Genus Lewinia
- Auckland Rail, Lewinia muelleri
- Genus Dryolimas
- White-throated Rail, Dryolimnas cuvieri
- Genus Crex
- African Crake, Crex egregia
- Corn Crake, Crex crex
- Genus Rougetius
- Rouget's Rail, Rougetius rougetii
- Genus Aramidopsis
- Snoring Rail, Aramidopsis plateni
- Genus Atlantisia
- Inaccessible Island Rail, Atlantisia rogersi
- Genus Aramides
- Little Wood Rail, Aramides mangle
- Rufous-necked Wood Rail, Aramides axillaris
- Grey-necked Wood Rail, Aramides cajanea
- Brown Wood Rail, Aramides wolfi
- Giant Wood Rail, Aramides ypecaha
- Slaty-breasted Wood Rail, Aramides saracura
- Red-winged Wood Rail, Aramides calopterus
- Genus Amaurolimnas
- Uniform Crake, Amaurolimnas concolor
- Genus Gymnocrex
- Bald-faced Rail, Gymnocrex rosenbergii
- Bare-eyed Rail, Gymnocrex plumbeiventris
- Genus Amaurornis
- Brown Crake, Amaurornis akool
- Isabelline Bush-hen, Amaurornis isabellinus
- Plain Bush-hen, Amaurornis olivaceus
- Rufous-tailed Bush-hen, Amaurornis moluccanus
- White-breasted Waterhen, Amaurornis phoenicurus
- Talaud Bush-hen, Amaurornis magnirostris
- Black Crake, Amaurornis flavirostris
- Sakalava Rail, Amaurornis olivieri
- Black-tailed Crake, Amaurornis bicolor
- Genus Porzana
- Little Crake, Porzana parva
- Baillon's Crake, Porzana pusilla
- Spotted Crake, Porzana porzana
- Australian Crake, Porzana fluminea
- Sora, Porzana carolina
- Dot-winged Crake, Porzana spiloptera
- Ash-throated Crake, Porzana albicollis
- Ruddy-breasted Crake, Porzana fusca
- Band-bellied Crake, Porzana paykullii
- Spotless Crake, Porzana tabuensis
- Henderson Island Crake, Porzana atra
- Yellow-breasted Crake, Porzana flaviventer
- White-browed Crake, Porzana cinerea
- Genus Aenigmatolimnas
- Striped Crake, Aenigmatolimnas marginalis
- Genus Cyanolimnas
- Zapata Rail, Cyanolimnas cerverai
- Genus Neocrex
- Colombian Crake, Neocrex colombianus
- Paint-billed Crake, Neocrex erythrops
- Genus Pardirallus
- Spotted Rail, Pardirallus maculatus
- Blackish Rail, Pardirallus nigricans
- Plumbeous Rail, Pardirallus sanguinolentus
- Genus Eulabeornis
- Chestnut Rail, Eulabeornis castaneoventris
- Genus Habroptila
- Invisible Rail, Habroptila wallacii
- Genus Megacrex
- New Guinea Flightless Rail, Megacrex inepta
- Genus Gallicrex
- Watercock, Gallicrex cinerea
- Genus Porphyrio
- Purple Swamphen, Porphyrio porphyrio
- Takahe, Porphyrio mantelli
- Genus Porphyrula
- Allen's Gallinule, Porphyrula alleni
- American Purple Gallinule, Porphyrula martinica
- Azure Gallinule, Porphyrula flavirostris
- Genus Gallinula
- San Cristobal Moorhen, Gallinula silvestris
- Tristan Moorhen, Gallinula nesiotis
- Common Moorhen, Gallinula chloropus
- Dusky Moorhen, Gallinula tenebrosa
- Lesser Moorhen, Gallinula angulata
- Spot-flanked Gallinule, Gallinula melanops
- Black-tailed Native-hen, Gallinula ventralis
- Tasmanian Native-hen, Gallinula mortierii
- Genus Fulica
- Red-knobbed Coot, Fulica cristata
- Eurasian Coot or Common Coot, Fulica atra
- Hawaiian Coot, Fulica alai
- American Coot, Fulica americana
- Caribbean Coot, Fulica caribaea
- White-winged Coot, Fulica leucoptera
- Andean Coot, Fulica ardesiaca
- Red-gartered Coot, Fulica armillata
- Red-fronted Coot, Fulica rufifrons
- Giant Coot, Fulica gigantea
- Horned Coot Fulica cornuta
- ja:クイナ科 (Sibley)

Crex

The Corn Crake (Crex crex) is a small bird in the family Rallidae. Their breeding habitat is not marshes like most crakes, but, as the name implies, meadows and arable farmland. They breed across Europe and western Asia, migrating to Africa in winter. They are in steep decline across most of their range because modern farming practices mean that nests and birds are destroyed by mowing or harvesting before breeding is finished. The best place to look for or listen for them in the UK is in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland. Adults have mainly brown heavily spotted upperparts, blue-grey head and neck, and reddish streaked flanks. They have a short bill. In flight they show chestnut wings and long dangling legs. Immature birds are similar, but the blue-grey is replaced by buff. The downy chicks are black, as with all rails. Corn Crakes are very secretive in the breeding season, and are then mostly heard far more often than they are seen. They are hard to flush, walking away through the vegetation. The song, mainly at night, is a repetitive "crex crex", like two notched sticks being rubbed together. These birds mainly eat insects. The name used commonly to be spelled as a single word, 'Corncrake', but the official English name is Corn Crake, and the trend now is to follow this. Category:Rallidae

Gallicrex

The Watercock ( Gallicrex cinerea) is a waterbird in the rail and crake family Rallidae. It is the only member of the genus Gallicrex. Their breeding habitat is swamps across south Asia from India and Sri Lanka to south China, Japan and Indonesia. They nest in a dry location on the ground in marsh vegetation, laying 3-6 eggs. These large rails are mainly permanent residents throughout their range. The body of this rail is flattened laterally to allow easier passage through the reeds or undergrowth. It has long toes and a short tail. Adult male Watercocks are 43 cm long. They have mainly black-grey plumage with red legs, bill, forehead shield and horn. Young males are buff in colour, darkening as they mature. Their bill is yellow and their legs are green. Female birds are smaller at 36 cm, and are dark brown above and paler below. the plumage is streaked and barred with darker markings. The bill is yellow and the legs are green. The downy chicks are black, as with all rails. These birds probe with their bill in mud or shallow water, also picking up food by sight. They mainly eat insects and small fish and seeds. They forage on the ground. Watercock are quite secretive, but are sometimes seen out in the open. They are noisy birds, especially at dawn and dusk, with a loud, gulping call.

Reference

- Birds of India by Grimmett, Inskipp and Inskipp, ISBN 0-691-04910-6 Category:Rallidae ko:뜸부기

Porphyrio

P. porphyrio
P. hochstetteri
P. albus (extinct) Porphyrio is a small genus of birds in the rail family. The two members of the genus are the Purple Swamphen, Porphyrio porphyrio, also known as the Purple Gallinule and the Takahe, Porphyrio hochstetteri. The extinct Lord Howe Swamphen, Porphyrio albus, also belonged to this genus. The extant species are large chicken-sized rails with purple as a predominant plumage colour, as reflected in the English and scientific names. They have large feet, a red frontal shield, and a red or pink bill. The Purple Swamphen breeds in reedbeds across the Old World, and has six or more subspecies, depending on the authority, which differ in the details of the plumage colours. It seems like that the Lord Howe Swamphen and the Takahe of New Zealand evolved from isolated island populations of the Purple Swamphen. The former lost its plumage colour, becoming white, and the latter became flightless . The near extinction of the Takahe allowed the Purple Swamphen to colonise New Zealand again in recent times, since the two Porphyrio species have similar ecological requirements; both also feed on shoots which are gripped by their large feet during consumption of the soft lower parts.

Reference

- Rails by Taylor and van Perlo, ISBN 90-74345-20-4 Category:Porphyrio

Gallinula

- San Cristobal Moorhen, Gallinula silvestris
- Tristan Moorhen, Gallinula nesiotis
- Common Moorhen, Gallinula chloropus
- Gough Island Moorhen, Gallinula comeri
- Dusky Moorhen, Gallinula tenebrosa
- Lesser Moorhen, Gallinula angulata
- Spot-flanked Gallinule, Gallinula melanops
- Black-tailed Native-hen, Gallinula ventralis
- Tasmanian Native-hen, Gallinula mortierii The moorhens are medium-sized water birds which are members of the rail family Rallidae. They constitute the genus Gallinula. These rails are all brown and black with some white markings in plumage, and, unlike many of the rails, they are usually easy to see, feeding in open water margins rather than skulking in reedbeds. They tend to have short, rounded wings and be weak fliers, although nevertheless capable of covering long distances; the Common Moorhen in particular migrates up to 2,000 km from some of its breeding areas in the colder parts of Siberia. Those that migrate do so at night. Moorhens can walk very well on strong legs, and have long toes that are well adapted to soft, uneven surfaces. These birds are omnivorous, taking plant material, small animals and eggs. They are aggressively territorial during the breeding season, but are otherwise often found in sizeable flocks on the shallow vegetated lakes they prefer.
-

Fulica

- Fulica cristata
- Fulica atra
- Fulica alai
- Fulica americana
- Fulica caribaea
- Fulica leucoptera
- Fulica ardesiaca
- Fulica armillata
- Fulica rufifrons
- Fulica gigantea
- Fulica cornuta The coots are medium-sized water birds which are members of the rail family. They constitute the genus Fulica. The greatest species variety is in South America, and it is likely that the genus originated there. These rails are all predominantly black in plumage, and, unlike many of the rails, they are usually easy to see, often swimming in open water rather than skulking in reedbeds. They have prominent frontal shields or other decoration on the forehead, and coloured bills, and many, but not all, have white on the undertail. Like other rails, they have lobed toes. They tend to have short, rounded wings and be weak fliers, although northern species are nevertheless capable of covering long distances; the American Coot has reached Great Britain and Ireland on rare occasions. Those species that migrate do so at night. Coots can walk and run vigorously on strong legs, and have long toes that are well adapted to soft, uneven surfaces. These birds are omnivorous, taking mainly plant material, but also small animals and eggs. They are aggressively territorial during the breeding season, but are otherwise often found in sizeable flocks on the shallow vegetated lakes they prefer.

Species

- Red-knobbed Coot, Fulica cristata
- Eurasian Coot, or Common Coot, Fulica atra
- Hawaiian Coot, Fulica alai
- American Coot, Fulica americana
- Caribbean Coot, Fulica caribaea
- White-winged Coot, Fulica leucoptera
- Andean Coot, Fulica ardesiaca
- Red-gartered Coot, Fulica armillata
- Red-fronted Coot, Fulica rufifrons
- Giant Coot, Fulica gigantea
- Horned Coot, Fulica cornuta

Photo gallery

Image:Eurasian_Coot_on_the_Thames.jpg|Eurasian Coot on the Thames

Reference

- Rails by Taylor and van Perlo, ISBN 90-74345-20-4
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology [http://www.birds.cornell.edu/programs/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/American_Coot_dtl.html]
-

Corncrake

Crepuscular

Crepuscular is a term used to describe animals that are primarily active during the twilight. Crepuscular is thus in contrast with diurnal and nocturnal. Crepuscular animals may also be active on a bright moonlit night. Many animals that are casually described as nocturnal are in fact crepuscular. Within the definition of crepuscular are the terms matutinal and vespertine, denoting animals active in the morning (dawn) and evening (dusk) respectively. dusk Crepuscular mammals include the ferret, guinea pig, common mouse and rat. Crepuscular birds include Common Nighthawk and Spotted Crake. Some species have different habits in the absence of predators. For example, the Short-eared Owl is diurnal on those of the Galapagos islands that do not have buzzard species, but crepuscular on the others. Category:Animal behaviour

The Legend of Zelda (tentative title)

The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess is an upcoming video game in Nintendo's Legend of Zelda series, for the Nintendo GameCube. Originally planned for release in November of 2005, Nintendo delayed it until 2006 so that the developers could add more content and fine-tune the game[http://cube.ign.com/articles/642/642238p1.html]. Websites for several online retailers have assigned the game various release dates in March or April, but Nintendo has said only that it will be released after their current fiscal year– which ends on March 31, 2006. In a recent interview by Club Nintendo (the official Nintendo magazine in Mexico), Reginald Fils-Aime mentions that Twilight Princess will launch in April[http://gc.advancedmn.com/article.php?artid=6236].

Description

Footage from the game was originally shown at E³ 2004 in the form of a short trailer, and a second trailer was later shown at the 2005 Game Developers Conference. It features a realistic art style (similar to but more advanced than that found in Ocarina of Time), rather than the cartoon look that The Wind Waker exhibited, although it will still make use of the cel-shading lighting effects and a modified version of The Wind Wakers engine. In a further departure from The Wind Waker, Link is once again a young man, as in the second half of Ocarina of Time. It is also believed that the game takes on a much darker tone than its predecessor, judging from the trailers. A number of former rumors about the game were confirmed at E³ 2005. The official title, The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess was announced. (The title was actually first revealed in a scan from Game informer[http://www.evilavatar.com/forums/archive/index.php/t-2113.html].) It was explained that Link would transform into a wolf when he enters the "Twilight Realm", a mysterious void that has ensnared Hyrule. It was confirmed that it falls chronologically "decades after Ocarina of Time", but before The Wind Waker, and that "the hero in the adventure is an all-new Link"[http://cube.ign.com/articles/616/616118p1.html]. Interviews and a playable demo exposed many new details, such as Link beginning the game as a sort of shepherd or cowboy, Link battling on horseback, changes in the horse controls from Ocarina, thematic differences between dungeons, and so on[http://www.gamespot.com/gamecube/action/thelegendofzelda/preview_6125311.html]. Live feeds of this demo have also been published. In recent interviews in Nintendo Power, Electronic Gaming Monthly, and the Spanish magazine Hobby Consolas, director Eiji Aonuma revealed that Princess Zelda and Ganondorf will be returning. What their roles are is unknown, but the new character art shows Princess Zelda with a thin and somewhat effeminate sword, leading many fans to theorise that she will fight at some point, or at the very least defend herself. Nintendo is unclear on whether the Master Sword will be featured in the game. Aonuma has also stated that the game will be much larger in size than Ocarina of Time, and will have many more dungeons. He revealed that Link can communicate with animals when in wolf form, but did not elaborate on this. When transformed into a wolf, Link's senses (smell, sight, and hearing) will also be raised quite significantly. With these advantages also come some obvious disadvantages. While he is a wolf, Link cannot use any of his items. Aonuma also confirmed that there will be no voice acting in the game. However, characters will still grunt, laugh, scream, and make other such noises, just as they have in all LoZ games on the Nintendo 64 and Nintendo GameCube. There have been claims that celebrities will provide voices for characters in the game, including rapper 50 Cent as the horse and Richard Simmons as Tingle. These claims are obvious hoaxes, stemming from user-submitted joke entries on the game's IMDb page. Nintendo has confirmed that the game will not contain any extensive voice acting. The IMDb also stated that the game's name would be changed to The Legend of Zelda: Tingle's Revenge, though the prank elements appear to have been removed recently[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0441877/], including a credit to 50 Cent for a song on the soundtrack, which was added after the initial cleanup.
Project history
Speculation regarding a realistic Zelda game on the Nintendo GameCube goes back as far as Summer 2000. During its 2000 Spaceworld convention, Nintendo unveiled the GameCube along with some demos for Luigi's Mansion, an unnamed Metroid game, Super Mario 128, an unnamed Pokémon game, and a Zelda demo where characters Link and Ganondorf fight. While Nintendo mentioned that the demos did not necessarily represent upcoming Nintendo projects accurately, the Zelda demo left a permanent impression on many fans. When Nintendo unveiled a trailer for what would become The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker during the 2001 Electronic Entertainment Expo, fans were stunned by the change in direction the Zelda series was taking on consoles. After the game was released in 2003, most criticism of the new style disappeared, as both reviews and word-of-mouth ratings for the game were generally positive. Many thought this acceptance (and the news that a "sequel", tentatively dubbed Wind Waker 2, was being built on the same engine) signalled that the next Zelda console game, (not counting Four Swords Adventures) would continue in that style. Four Swords Adventures At E³ 2004, this misconception ended, when a surprise announcement was made near the end of a Nintendo press conference. In an explanation for the stylistic departure from Wind Waker, game director Eiji Aonuma described the title as being more specifically targeted to the franchise's North American audience. The game was believed to be scheduled for release in November 2005, until August 16th, 2005, when Nintendo announced it would be released some time after March 31st 2006, because the development team needed more time to work on the game. A precise date has yet to be announced. This delay of Twilight Princess caused a large number of fans to speculate that Nintendo was actually planning to release the game for the company's next-gen console, the Nintendo Revolution. However, Perrin Kaplan, Nintendo's Vice President for Corporate Affairs, has confirmed that it will indeed be released on the GameCube: "...we feel a commitment to the GameCube owners who've been patiently awaiting this new Zelda title, and don't want to force them to wait and buy a brand new system in order to play the game."
Story
The game begins with Link residing in Toaru Village (this name has not been finalized; "Toaru" is Japanese which roughly translates as "unnamed"), working as a wrangler. This changes, however, when he is asked by the village's mayor to visit the Hyrule Summit. In doing so, Link leaves behind Ilia, the mayor's daughter (who some believe to be Link's girlfriend, or at least an admirer). It is his journey beyond the village which leads him to first encounter the Twilight Realm.
Animals
Animals play a big part in the game. Although it is confirmed that Link will be able to talk to some animals, and maybe even his horse, the exact roles of most of them are unknown. Dungeons are animal-themed, as revealed on the show X-Play. X-Play Link will also be able to enter the Twilight Realm and transform into a wolf, much like his transformation into a pink bunny rabbit when entering the Dark World in The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past. Link will be unable to use any weapons or items in this form, but will team up with Midna, a small character who rides on his back, wearing an odd helmet. As the Twilight gets pushed back, Link will regain his human form, altering Link and Midna's partnership[http://cube.ign.com/articles/616/616559p1.html]. In this game, Link's horse is apparently not Epona, despite its very similar appearance. While the E³ footage shows the horse's name as Epona, this time around, gamers can choose their own name for the horse. Whether or not it has an official story name (as with Link) is currently unknown. In the gameplay trailers, Link picks some "horse grass", and plays Epona's Song, which has been confirmed to summon the horse.
Confirmed new mechanics for riding include Link doing battle with his sword or bow while on horseback, and the possibility of being thrown from the saddle. The hawk seen with Link in gameplay trailers can be used much like the Boomerang; Link can target objects, and send the hawk out to hit (and, probably, retrieve) things from afar. Whether the hawk can be used to attack enemies or is merely a puzzle-solving ally is unclear. It is called upon using "Hawk weed" found in patches. As in the past games, Link can grab hold of cuccos to hover for short distances. This enables him to access secret or hard-to-reach places he could not normally get to. Unlike previous games in which they were always white, the cuccos in the E³ footage are brown, much like everyday chickens. The second trailer showed Link petting some cats, and later picking up one of them and running off with it (with the others chasing after). What their role will be is unknown, and they were only seen washing themselves in the expanded third trailer. A cat was also seen in some gameplay footage where Link had to get it off a roof and return it to its owner. In new gameplay footage Link could pick up a bone and toss it to a dog. This could become useful later in the game. Aonuma mentioned that Link "takes care of the goats" in Toaru Village, so we can expect to see these creatures in the game. The new dungeon shown in E³ footage and in the playable demo appears to be monkey-themed. Link rescues monkeys from cages; in return they help him cross a bridge to the mini-boss's lair, where he battles the bewitched baboon who locked them up.
Enemies
Not much is currently known about the enemies in the game; while some enemies from previous Zelda games return, as seen in the third official trailer, there are also many new creatures. Enemy AI is more advanced than in The Wind Waker. AI Some staple enemies return with a new look. Keese fly around to attack Link and are easily defeated, taking only one hit to subdue. They are seen in a forest in the third trailer and a dungeon from gameplay footage. Another classic enemy in the Zelda series, Stalfos have appeared in numerous screenshots and trailers. A Stalfos is a walking skeleton, usually equipped with a shield and sword, and in most cases they are easily defeated by blocking and counter-attacking. Like the Keese, they have been given a new, darker and more detailed look.
Possibly related to the Stalfos are the skeletal beasts which Link fights in a graveyard in the second trailer. In the second trailer, a squat statue comes to life and tries to attack Link with a hammer-like object. This is likely to be an Armos Knight, enemies who have been present in most Zelda games. Creatures very familiar to fans of the franchise, Moblins and Bokoblins attack Link in various locations, including (a new addition to the series) from the backs of boars while he's on horseback, in what appears to be a new rendition of Hyrule Field. What appears to be a Skull Kid (from Ocarina of Time, one of which played a major role in Majora's Mask) is present in game footage, seemingly in control of a group of creatures Link is fighting. The reptilian Lizalfos (and/or Dinofols) return from Ocarina of Time. These foes make appearances in a number of different places in the trailers. They appear to fight with swords and shields, and some wear a sort of skull helm. Keese In several trailers, Link is attacked by huge spiders. The identity of these monsters is unknown, but they are most likely Skulltulas. Their appearance is reminiscent of a Skulltula, although the skull is only a pattern on the abdomen, whereas the Skulltulas in the N64 games had a skull-shaped armored carapace.
These spider-creatures are seen in the dungeon in the new gameplay footage. They hang from webs much like Skulltulas, and they may also leave their webs and attack Link from the ground. This enemy appears to have the ability to encase Link in a web as seen in the second trailer. Strange creatures, which bear a disturbing resemblance to something out of Lovecraft's Cthulhu mythos (or the Nintendo classic it inspired, Eternal Darkness: Sanity's Requiem), have also been featured in the latest trailer. Apparently related to the incursion of the Twilight Realm into Hyrule, they are seen falling from an odd portal in the sky, and later being attacked by Midna and wolf-Link. There is also a Dragon-esque creature seen at the very beginning of the third trailer. Not much is known about this creature, however, Eiji Aonuma, the director of Twilight Princess, has stated that Link may be able to ride a winged mount.
Bosses
One of the new mini-bosses is a giant baboon with a black-and-red cap, who taunts Link and throws a boomerang. Simultaneously, Link is being attacked by an uprooted Deku Baba with three joined heads; it crawls on the ground and snaps at him. Link needs to deflect the baboon's boomerang back by hitting it, then roll into pillars to knock the baboon off. He then hits its red bottom several times until it is defeated. As demonstrated in the second trailer, enemies' attacks can hurt each other. The baboon is revealed to be good once it is defeated by Link and the cap falls off its head. A major boss seen in the third trailer resembles a towering plant with one eye. There is also another evil monkey in this room who swings back and forth along a vine with what appears to be a bomb flower. Link must use his Gale Boomerang to snatch the bomb and hurl it into the plant. When the plant is hit, it will give Link an oppertunity to slash away at its exposed eye. Another possible boss, briefly featured in the first trailer, is a giant figure of flame with a dangerous-looking chain. It appears to use the chain as a whip. Another boss or mini-boss battle is a sort of jousting match with an ugly creature riding a huge boar. To up the stakes, the creature has abducted a village boy, Colin, and is dangling him from the end of a pole! The goal of this match is apparently to knock the other rider from his mount and off the bridge on which they are jousting. In the second trailer, Link is biefly seen running headlong from a giant, black, one-eyed spider through a network of caves. This may be a more classic rendition of the Gohma, a giant tektite or a new enemy altogether.
Other playable character(s)
baboon Midna, a new character (who some speculate may be evil), is a resident of the Twilight Realm. At a certain point in the game she decides to team up with Link to fight a "greater evil" that she cannot overcome alone (fans assume this is Ganon). For these parts, the player controls her while she rides on wolf-Link's back. There has been much speculation regarding Midna's identity. Popular theories posit that she is related to, or even an incarnation of, the Master Sword or Majora's Mask. Official sources, however, do not suggest in any way that she is a familiar character, confirming only that she changes form in the normal world as Link does in the Twilight Realm. There is also some speculation—mostly unfounded—that Princess Zelda herself may be playable in the game. The primary basis for this theory is a piece of official concept art (shown right) in which Zelda holds a sword. No official confirmation exists (indeed, there have been statements to the contrary), however, and the fan community is largely divided on the prospect and implications of such a move.
Weapons & Items
The game will feature some as-yet-unrevealed new weapons/items, and many classic Zelda armaments - some with new twists, such as the Gale Boomerang. This novel version of a cherished tool can create a small whirlwind capable of picking up items, including lit bombs, and delivering them to other locations, such as to an enemy or back to Link.
A Boomerang of some sort is also used by the Baboon mini-boss in the E3 2005 Demo. A Lantern and Lantern Oil may also be in the game, which would be a first for a 3D Zelda. The Lantern Oil was shown in the E3 2005 Demo to be held in a bottle. Presumably, the Oil and the Lantern must be combined; or the Lantern equipped, and the Oil used as a regular item to refill it. It has also been confirmed that some weapons can now be combined, as with the bomb-arrows seen in one trailer. (This combo actually originated in the classic Game Boy adventure Link's Awakening, and fans have been clamoring for the feature's return ever since.) Classic items including Potions and Bottles will also return. In several videos Link is shown fighting on horseback and then drinking a Red Potion to regain health. Scenes in the sewers from the second trailer involve a flash and ghosts (not Poes) suddenly appearing in a way that suggests the Lens of Truth from OoT. It was later discovered this was the special vision of the wolf, as shown in the third trailer released, at E3 2005.
Environment
Link's Awakening Twilight Princess will feature many different types of environments. In the trailers, besides the dungeons (which are an important Zelda feature) and the mysterious Twilight Realm, forest and open field settings were shown, along with the small village where Link lives. There are also mountain areas, where Link was seen apparently sparring with a Goron. In the most recently released pictures, a market scene was introduced (most likely Hyrule Market), and snowy area where wolf-Link was running. It has also been confirmed that certain parts of some dungeons will have a top-down camera view to better show what is going on. This has led to speculation that there may be some areas which require such a view to solve a puzzle.
Races
The rock-eating Goron race from Ocarina of Time will return, although it has been stated the these will not be the same Gorons seen in OoT. In one trailer, a Goron is standing opposite Link, fists up and bouncing around a bit, as though they were having a boxing match (though Link is using his shield). Link takes a hit and is knocked down. The Zora people may also be making a comeback. In an interview from EGM #195, Eiji Aonuma said "...Because it [Twilight Princess] is several decades after Ocarina, it's possible some of the characters from that game might still be alive in this world. We've already shown the Goron in an earlier trailer; I think people can look forward to seeing if we include Zoras as well..." Nothing else official has been said regarding the Zoras. The humans in this game may not all belong to the Hylian race. In Toaru Village, the town Link starts out in, the townsfolk all have regular ears. Link himself still has pointy ears, and he must travel to Hyrule, so a Hylian presence in the game is still likely.
Miscellaneous
Returning in Twilight Princess is the fishing mechanic from the popular Ocarina of Time mini-game, which was inspired by a fishing mini-game in Link's Awakening. Its exact place and purpose in the game has not yet been confirmed (i.e., a mini-game, sidequest, or part of the main adventure). It has been hinted that one of its final uses may be to fish up a boss that Link must then defeat. Very little information is available regarding Princess Zelda's role in the game. The cloaked figure seen in the opening of the third official trailer released by Nintendo at E3 in 2005 is Zelda, wearing traditional funereal robes. funereal Also worth noting is a rumored return of the Sheikah, a supposedly extinct tribe of ninja-like warriors originally found in Ocarina of Time, who were loyal to the Hyrulean throne. This speculation is based on the presence of a Sheikah symbol on the back of Zelda's robes in the trailer. The symbol, seen right, is a stylized eye with 3 spike-like lashes fanning out above it and a tear falling below. Originally seen on the chest of Impa, a survivor of the Sheikah people in Ocarina of Time, it was also worn by Sheik. It is not yet known what role, if any, the Sheikah play in Twilight Princess. The symbol may be merely a treat for fans; nothing has been officially said about it. Sources including Chinese gaming site [http://www.levelup.cn/article/html/news/ft/2005-11/15154012.htm Level Up] have confirmed the game's length to be 100 hours. This is in excess of several other infamous game lengths, including the 2-disc, 80-hour RPGs Tales of Symphonia (NGC) and Star Ocean: Till the End of Time (PS2).
External links

- [http://www.zelda.com/universe/game/legendzelda/ Official Zelda site]
- [http://cube.ign.com/objects/572/572738.html IGN coverage]
- [http://www.gamespot.com/gamecube/action/thelegendofzelda/index.html?q=zelda Gamespot coverage] Twilight Princess Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess, The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess, The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess, The

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