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Marion Barry

Marion Barry

:For the U.S. Representative from Arkansas with a similar name, see Marion Berry. Marion Berry Marion Shepilov Barry, Jr. (born March 6, 1936) served as Democratic mayor of Washington, D.C. from 1979 to 1991. He was forced to leave office during his third term as a result of his arrest and conviction on drug charges, but afterward again elected to the D.C. council and ultimately to the mayoralty, serving a fourth term from 1995 to 1999. Today, Barry serves on the Council of the District of Columbia, representing Ward Eight, which comprises Anacostia and Congress Heights.

Early life and activism

Barry was born in Itta Bena, Mississippi. He grew up in Memphis, Tennessee and graduated from LeMoyne College (now LeMoyne-Owen College) in 1958. Barry also graduated with a Masters of organic chemistry from Fisk University in 1960. Afterwards he joined the American civil rights movement during a movement to eliminate racial segregation of bus passengers, and was elected the first chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). He abandoned his doctoral chemistry studies at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville, Tennessee for his new duties. During his time leading SNCC, Barry heavily lobbied against racial segregation and discrimination. Barry is a prominent member of Alpha Phi Alpha, the oldest intercollegiate Greek-letter fraternity established for African Americans.

Washington, D.C. political career

In 1965, Barry moved to Washington, D.C. to open a local chapter of SNCC where he was heavily involved in coordinating peaceful street demonstrations. He served on the first city school board to implement school board elections, in 1971, and served as Board president during his tenure. He was elected a member of Washington's first elected city council in 1974, and while serving as a council member, he became chair of the Committee on Finance and Review. While serving on the D.C. city council in 1977, Barry was shot by radical Hanafi Muslim terrorists when they overran District Building. Barry was shot near his heart during a two-day crisis in which hostages were held by the terrorists, and which was finally defused by the FBI, and Muslim ambassadors. In 1978, Barry was elected mayor of Washington, DC. He was only the second person elected to this position. Barry was elected to three consecutive terms as mayor and held the position for over a decade. After being released from prison, Barry was successful in his 1992 bid for a city council seat. In 1994, Barry was elected to his fourth and final term as mayor, serving until January 1999. From 1997 onwards, the federally imposed Control Board reduced Barry's power to allocate and manage funds for city projects. The mayor was also involved in further scandals, eventually leading to his decision not to run for a fifth term in office. He was succeeded by Anthony A. Williams, the former Chief Financial Officer of the Control Board. After leaving office, Barry performed consulting work for an investment banking firm. On June 12, 2004 Barry announced that he was running in the Democratic primary for the Ward 8 council seat, a position he held before becoming mayor. Barry defeated the incumbent councilmember, Sandy Allen, on September 14, 2004, by a margin of at least 60–25%, setting him up to win the Ward 8 council seat in the November general election by a margin of 96–4%.

Legal problems

November.]] On January 18, 1990, Barry was arrested with a woman in a sting operation at the Vista Hotel by the FBI and D.C. Police for crack cocaine use and possession. The incident – played over and over on television – produced what is perhaps the most memorable quote of Barry's long career: "Goddamn bitch set me up!" Barry was charged with three counts of felony perjury, 10 counts of misdemeanor drug possession, and one misdemeanor count of conspiracy to possess cocaine; however, he was convicted only of a single misdemeanor count of possessing cocaine in November 1989. He was acquitted on one possession charge and a mistrial was declared on the 12 remaining charges. As a result of his arrest and the ensuing trial, Barry was forced to step down from his position as mayor. In the midst of his campaign for a city council seat, Barry was sentenced to a six-month federal prison term in October 1990. In 2002, Barry began a campaign for an at-large city council seat. But the bid was aborted after the U.S. Park Police alleged they had found small amounts of cocaine and marijuana in Barry's car. Barry has insisted the police planted the drugs. Barry's paranoia about being accused of drug crimes was so strong that in one instance, after a car of his was stolen and subsequently recovered by the police, Barry sold it without ever driving it again, claiming he feared police could have planted drugs in the car. In early October 2005, The Washington Post reported that Barry was under investigation by the Internal Revenue Service for failing to file federal and District of Columbia income tax returns and pay his taxes, from 1999-2004. [http://msnbc.msn.com/id/9593823/]. On October 28, 2005, Barry plead guilty to the misdemeanor charges stemming from the IRS investigation. He awaits sentencing, which will occur in January 2006.[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/28/AR2005102801028.html]

Health problems

In 1995, Barry was successfully treated for prostate cancer at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland.

External links

- [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/longterm/library/dc/barry/barry.htm Marion Barry: Making of a Mayor]
- [http://www.dccouncil.washington.dc.us/BARRY/default.htm Official website for Councilman Barry]
- [http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0963124668/britcomsforev-20/ Unauthorised biography page] Barry, Marion, Jr. Barry, Marion Barry, Marion Barry, Marion Barry, Marion Barry, Marion Barry, Marion Barry, Marion Barry, Marion Barry, Marion

Arkansas

---- Arkansas (pronounced or ) is a southern state in the United States. The population according to the 2000 census was 2,673,400. Its U.S. postal abbreviation is AR, and its Associated Press abbreviation is Ark. It was admitted as the 25th state of the United States in 1836.

History

The early French explorers of the state gave it its name, which is probably a phonetic spelling for the French word for "downriver" people, a reference to the Quapaw people and the river along which they settled. Other Native American nations living in present-day Arkansas were Caddo, Cherokee and Osage Nations. On June 15, 1836, Arkansas became the 25th state of the United States as a slave state. Arkansas seceded from the Union on May 6, 1861 during the American Civil War. Under the Military Reconstruction Act, Congress, by June 1868, had readmitted Arkansas, as well as North Carolina, South Carolina, Louisiana, Georgia, Alabama and Florida. The state is the only one with an official pronunciation. The traditional form "arkanSAW" was made official by the state legislature in 1881.

Law and government

Florida The current governor of Arkansas is Mike Huckabee, a Republican. [http://www.mikehuckabee.com Mike Huckabee], who had been elected lieutenant governor in a 1993 special election, ascended to the governor's office in 1996 when Governor Jim Guy Tucker, a Democrat, was convicted as part of the Whitewater Scandal. This led to a state "Constitutional crisis" when Tucker refused to give up the governor's office for a short period of time, because the Arkansas Constitution does not allow a convicted felon to be governor of the state. Tucker had been lieutenant governor under Bill Clinton and had become governor as a result of Clinton's election to the presidency. Arkansas's two U.S. Senators are Democrats Blanche Lincoln and Mark Pryor. The state has four seats in House of Representatives. Three seats are held by Democrats—Marion Berry (District 1), Vic Snyder (District 2), and Mike Ross (District 4). One seat is held by the state's lone Republican Congressman, John Boozman (District 3). The Democratic Party holds super-majority status in the Arkansas General Assembly. Republicans actually lost seats in the State House in 2004. A majority of local and statewide offices are also held by Democrats. This arrangement is extremely rare in the modern South, where a majority of statewide offices are held by Republicans. Most Republican strength lies mainly in northwest Arkansas in the area around Fort Smith, while the rest of the state is strongly Democratic. Arkansas has only elected one Republican to the United States Senate since Reconstruction. However, the Arkansas General Assembly has not been controlled by the Republican Party since Reconstruction, and is the fourth most Democratic Legislature in the country, after Massachusetts, Hawaii, and Connecticut. In Arkansas, the lieutenant governor is elected separately from the governor and thus can be from a different political party. Each office's term is four years long. Office holders are term-limited to two full terms plus any partial terms prior to the first full term. Some of Arkansas' counties have two county seats, as opposed to the usual one seat. The arrangement dates back to when travel was extremely difficult in the states. The seats are usually on opposite sides of the county. Though travel is no longer the difficulty it once was, there are few efforts to eliminate the two seat arrangement where it exists, since the county seat is a source of pride (and jobs) to the city involved. Section 105 of Chapter 4 of Title 1 of the Arkansas code^{[http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/NXT/gateway.dll/ARCode/title00000.htm/chapter00063.htm/section00068.htm?f=templates$fn=document-frame.htm$3.0#JD_1-4-105]} determines the official, codified pronunciation of Arkansas: "It should be pronounced in three (3) syllables, with the final "s" silent, the "a" in each syllable with the Italian sound, and the accent on the first and last syllables." The same section states that the variation are-KAN-sas "is an innovation to be discouraged." It is believed that Arkansas is the only U.S. State with such a law on the books. See: List of Arkansas Governors

State symbols

The following state symbols are officially recognized by the state law.
- State American Folk Dance: Square Dance
- State Anthem: Arkansas by Eva Ware Barnett
- State Beverage: Milk
- State Bird: Mockingbird
- State Flower: Apple Blossom
- State Folk Dance: Square Dance
- State Fruit: South Arkansas Vine Ripe Pink Tomato
- State Gem: Diamond
- State Historical Song: The Arkansas Traveler (folk song)
- State Historic Cooking Vessel: Dutch oven
- State Insect: Honeybee
- State Mammal: White-tailed Deer
- State Mineral: Quartz Crystal
- State Motto: Regnat Populus (The People Rule)
- State Musical Instrument: the Fiddle
- State Rock: Bauxite
- State Soil: Stuttgart Soil Series
- State Songs: "Arkansas (You Run Deep in Me)" by Wayland Holyfield and "Oh, Arkansas" by Terry Rose and Gary Klass
- State Tree: Pine
- State Vegetable: South Arkansas Vine Ripe Pink Tomato

Geography

See: List of Arkansas counties, List of cities in Arkansas, List of Arkansas townships. The capital of Arkansas is Little Rock. Arkansas is the only state in the US where diamonds are found naturally (near Murfreesboro, Arkansas). The eastern border for most of Arkansas is the Mississippi River except in Clay and Greene counties where the St. Francis River forms the western boundary of the Missouri Bootheel. Arkansas shares its southern border with Louisiana, its northern border with Missouri, its eastern border with Tennessee and Mississippi, and its western border with Texas and Oklahoma. Arkansas is a beautiful land of mountains and valleys, thick forests and fertile plains. Northwest Arkansas is part of the Ozark Plateau including the Boston Mountains, to the south are the Ouachita Mountains and these regions are divided by the Arkansas River; the southern and eastern parts of Arkansas are called the Lowlands. The so called Lowlands are better known as the Delta and the Grand Prairie. The land along the Mississippi river is referred to as the "Delta" of Arkansas. It gets this name from the formation of its rich alluvial soils formed from the flooding of the mighty Mississippi. The Grand Prairie is slightly away from the Mississippi river in the southeast portion of the state and consists of a more undulating landscape. Both are fertile agricultural areas and home to much of the crop agriculture in the state. Delta Arkansas is home to many caves, such as Blanchard Springs Caverns. Hot Springs National Park and the Buffalo National River can also be found within its borders.

Interstate highways

- Interstate 30
- Interstate 40
- Interstate 55
- Interstate 430
- Interstate 440
- Interstate 530
- Interstate 540
- Interstate 630

United States highways

Major Arkansas highways

Economy

The state's total gross state product for 2003 was $76 billion. Its Per Capita Personal Income for 2003 was $24,384, 50^th in the nation. The state's agriculture outputs are poultry and eggs, soybeans, sorghum, cattle, cotton, rice, hogs, and milk. Its industrial outputs are food processing, electric equipment, fabricated metal products, machinery, paper products, bromine, and vanadium. In recent years, automobile parts manufacturers have opened factories in eastern Arkansas to support auto plants in other states (though Arkansas does not, as of August 2005, have an auto plant itself). Tourism is also very important to the Arkansas economy; the official state nickname "The Natural State" is prominently displayed in state tourism advertising.

Demographics

:See also: List of people from Arkansas As of 2003, the state's population was 2,725,714 according to Census Bureau estimates. 48.8% is male, and 51.2% is female. Racially, Arkansas is:
- 78.6% White non-Hispanic
- 15.7% Black
- 3.2% Hispanic
- 0.8% Asian
- 0.7% Native American
- 1.3% Mixed race The five largest ancestry groups in the state are: American (15.9%), African American (15.7%), Irish (9.5%), German (9.3%), English (7.9%). People of American ancestry have a strong presence in the northwestern Ozarks and the central part of the state. Blacks live mainly in the fertile southern and eastern parts of the state, especially along the Mississippi river. Arkansans of British and German ancestry are mostly found in the far northwestern Ozarks near the Missouri border. As of 2000, 95.0% of Arkansas residents age 5 and older speak English at home and 3.3% speak Spanish. French is the third most spoken language at 0.3%, followed by German at 0.3% and Vietnamese at 0.1%.

Religion

Arkansas, like most other Southern states, is overwhelmingly Protestant. The religious affiliations of the people are as follows:
- Christian – 86%
- Protestant – 78%
- Baptist – 39%
- Methodist – 9%
- Pentecostal – 6%
- Church of Christ – 6%
- Assemblies of God – 3%
- Other Protestant – 15%
- Roman Catholic – 7%
- Other Christian – 1%
- Other Religions – <1%
- Non-Religious – 14%

Important cities and towns

Education and Research centers

Centers of Research

- [http://www.comanchelodge.com/chickamauga-cherokee.html Arkansas Cherokee Indian Research]
- Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center [http://www.dbnrrc.ars.usda.gov/ website]
- National Center for Toxicological Research [http://www.fda.gov/nctr/ website]

Colleges and universities

National Center for Toxicological Research
- University of Arkansas System
- University of Arkansas
- University of Arkansas - Fort Smith
- University of Arkansas at Little Rock
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
- University of Arkansas at Monticello
- University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff

External links

- [http://www.state.ar.us Official State website Homepage]
- [http://www.arkansas.com/things-to-do/history-heritage/facts.asp Facts About Arkansas]
- [http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/05000.html U.S. Census Bureau]
- [http://www.usnewspapers.org/state/arkansas Arkansas Newspapers]
- [http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/data/ar_code.asp Arkansas State Code (the state statutes of Arkansas)]
- Category:States of the United States zh-min-nan:Arkansas ko:아칸소 주 ms:Arkansas ja:アーカンソー州 simple:Arkansas

Marion Berry

:This page is about the Arkansas House member; the former mayor of Washington, DC is Marion Barry. Marion Barry Robert Marion Berry (born August 27 1942), American politician, has been a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives since 1997, representing the 1st District of Arkansas ([http://nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/preview/congdist/ar01_109.gif map]). He was born in Stuttgart, Arkansas, was educated at the University of Arkansas, and was a farmer, a licensed pharmacist, a member of the city council of Gillett, Arkansas, a member of the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission, a member of the White House Domestic Policy Council (1993-1996) and special assistant to President Bill Clinton for Agricultural Trade and Food Assistance (1993-1996) before entering the House. On the House floor, Berry called Rep. Adam Putnam (R-Florida) a "[http://www.howdydoodylookingnimrod.com/ Howdy Doody looking nimrod]".

External link

- [http://www.house.gov/berry/ Official website] Berry, Marion Berry, Marion Berry, Marion

March 6

March 6 is the 65th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (66th in Leap years). There are 300 days remaining.

Events

- 1447 - Nicholas V becomes Pope.
- 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of the Prussian Confederation pledged allegiance to Casimir IV of Poland, and the Polish king agreed to help in their struggle for independence from the Teutonic Knights.
- 1460 - Treaty of Alcaçovas - Portugal gives the Canary Islands to Castile in exchange for claims in West Africa.
- 1521 - Ferdinand Magellan discovers Guam.
- 1820 - The Missouri Compromise is signed into law by President James Monroe. The compromise allows Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state, but makes the rest of the northern part of the Louisiana Purchase territory slavery-free.
- 1834 - York, Upper Canada is incorporated as Toronto.
- 1836 - Texas Revolution: Battle of the Alamo - After a 13-day siege by an army of 3,000 Mexican troops, the 189 Texas volunteers defending the Alamo are defeated and the fort taken.
- 1853 - The Giuseppe Verdi opera La Traviata premieres in Venice.
- 1857 - The Supreme Court of the United States rules in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case.
- 1869 - Dmitri Mendeleev presents the first periodic table to the Russian Chemical Society.
- 1899 - Bayer registers aspirin as a trademark.
- 1900 - A coal mine explosion in West Virginia traps 50 coal miners.
- 1901 - In Bremen an assassin attempts to kill Wilhelm II of Germany.
- 1925 - Pionerskaya Pravda, one of the oldest children's newspapers in Europe, is founded
- 1940 - Winter War: An armistice is signed by Finland and the Soviet Union.
- 1946 - Vietnam War: Ho Chi Minh signs an agreement with France which recognizes Vietnam as an autonomous state in the Indochinese Federation and the French Union.
- 1947 - USS Newport News, the first air-conditioned naval ship, is launched from Newport News, Virginia.
- 1951 - The trial of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg begins.
- 1953 - Georgy Maksimilianovich Malenkov succeeds Josef Stalin as Premier and First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
- 1957 - United Kingdom colonies Gold Coast and Togoland become the independent Republic of Ghana.
- 1957 - Israel withdraws its troops from the Sinai Peninsula
- 1964 - Constantine II becomes King of Greece.
- 1964 - Tom O'Hara sets a new world record for the indoor mile run by completing it in 3 minutes, 56.4 seconds.
- 1970 - Cult leader and suspected murderer Charles Manson releases an album titled Lies to help finance his defense.
- 1975 - Algiers Accord: Iran and Iraq announce a settlement over their border dispute.
- 1981 - After 19 years presenting the CBS Evening News, Walter Cronkite signs off for the last time.
- 1983 - The United States Football League begins its first year of competition.
- 1984 - Twelve-month-long strike in British coal industry begins.
- 1987 - The British ferry M/S Herald of Free Enterprise capsizes in about 90 seconds after leaving the harbour of Zeebrugge, Belgium en route to Dover, England across the English Channel, killing 193.
- 1992 - The Michelangelo computer virus begins to affect computers.
- 1994 - Referendum in Moldova results in the electorate voting against possible reunification with Romania.
- 1997 - Picasso's painting Tete de Femme is stolen from a London gallery, and is recovered a week later.

Births

- 1405 - King John II of Castile (d. 1454)
- 1459 - Jacob Fugger, German banker (d. 1525)
- 1475 - Michelangelo Buonarroti, Italian painter (d. 1564)
- 1483 - Francesco Guicciardini, Italian statesman and historian (d. 1540)
- 1495 - Luigi Alamanni, Italian poet (d. 1556)
- 1619 - Cyrano de Bergerac, French soldier, poet (d. 1655)
- 1663 - Francis Atterbury, English man of letters (d. 1732)
- 1706 - George Pocock, British admiral (d. 1792)
- 1716 - Pehr Kalm, Finnish explorer and naturalist (d. 1779)
- 1779 - Antoine-Henri Jomini, French general (d. 1869)
- 1787 - Joseph von Fraunhofer, German physicist (d. 1826)
- 1806 - Elizabeth Barrett Browning, English poet (d. 1861)
- 1812 - Aaron Lufkin Dennison American watch manufacturer (d. 1895)
- 1885 - Ring Lardner, American writer (d. 1933)
- 1903 - Empress Nagako of Japan (d. 2000)
- 1904 - Joseph Schmidt, Austrian tenor (d. 1942)
- 1905 - Bob Wills, American singer (d. 1975)
- 1906 - Lou Costello, American actor comedian (d. 1959)
- 1914 - Kiril Kondrashin, Russian conductor (d. 1981)
- 1915 - Pete Gray, American baseball player (d. 2002)
- 1917 - Will Eisner, American illustrator and cartoonist (d. 2005)
- 1923 - Ed McMahon, American television personality
- 1923 - Wes Montgomery, American musician (d. 1968)
- 1926 - Alan Greenspan, American economist
- 1926 - Andrzej Wajda, Polish film director
- 1927 - Gordon Cooper, astronaut (d. 2004)
- 1928 - Gabriel García Márquez, Colombian writer, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1930 - Lorin Maazel, French-born American conductor
- 1931 - Hal Needham, American stunt man
- 1933 - Ted Abernathy, baseball player (d. 2004)
- 1934 - John Noakes, British television presenter
- 1935 - Ron Delany, Irish athlete
- 1936 - Marion Barry Jr., Mayor of Washington DC
- 1937 - Ivan Boesky, American stock trader
- 1937 - Valentina Tereshkova, cosmonaut
- 1939 - Adam Osborne, British author and computer designer (d. 2003)
- 1940 - Willie Stargell, baseball player
- 1942 - Ben Murphy, American actor
- 1944 - Kiri Te Kanawa, New Zealand soprano
- 1944 - Mary Wilson, American singer (Supremes)
- 1946 - David Gilmour, English musician (Pink Floyd)
- 1947 - Kiki Dee, English singer
- 1947 - Dick Fosbury, American athlete
- 1947 - Martin Kove, American actor
- 1947 - Rob Reiner, American actor, comedian, and film producer
- 1949 - Shaukat Aziz, Prime Minister of Pakistan
- 1949 - Martin Buchan, Scottish footballer
- 1951 - Gerrie Knetemann, Dutch cyclist (d. 2004)
- 1953 - Jan Kjærstad, Norwegian author
- 1953 - Jacklyn Zeman, American actress
- 1955 - Alberta Watson, Canadian actress
- 1959 - Tom Arnold, American actor and comedian
- 1969 - Tari Phillips, American basketball player
- 1972 - Shaquille O'Neal, American basketball player
- 1976 - Ken Kennedy(Anderson), Professional wrestler
- 1979 - Tim Howard, American soccer player

Deaths

1252 to 1899

- 1252 - Saint Rose of Viterbo, Italian saint (b. 1235)
- 1490 - Ivan the Young, Ruler of Tver (b. 1458)
- 1531 - Pedrarias Dávila, Spanish conquistador
- 1627 - Krzysztof Zbaraski, Polish statesman (b. 1580)
- 1754 - Henry Pelham, Prime Minister of Great Britain (b. 1694)
- 1758 - Henry Vane, 1st Earl of Darlington, English politician
- 1764 - Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke, Lord Chancellor of England (b. 1690)
- 1796 - Guillaume Thomas François Raynal, French writer (b. 1713)
- 1836 - Davy Crockett, American frontiersman (b. 1786)
- 1854 - Charles William Vane, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry, British soldier and politician (b. 1778)
- 1888 - Louisa May Alcott, American novelist (b. 1832)
- 1895 - Camilla Collett, Norwegian writer and feminist (b. 1813)
- 1899 - Victoria Kaiulani, Hawaiian princess (b. 1875)

1900 to 1999

- 1905 - John Henninger Reagan, American Confederate politician (b. 1818)
- 1932 - John Philip Sousa, American band leader, conductor, and composer (b. 1854)
- 1933 - Anton Cermak, Mayor of Chicago (b. 1873)
- 1941 - Gutzon Borglum, Danish sculptor (b. 1867)
- 1948 - Ross Lockridge, Jr., American novelist (b. 1914)
- 1950 - Albert Lebrun, President of France (b. 1871)
- 1951 - Ivor Novello, Welsh actor, musician, and composer (b. 1893)
- 1961 - George Formby, British comedian and singer (b. 1904)
- 1964 - King Paul of Greece (b. 1901)
- 1965 - Margaret Dumont, American actress (b. 1889)
- 1967 - John Haden Badley, author and educator (b. 1865)
- 1967 - Nelson Eddy, American singer and actor (b. 1901)
- 1967 - Zoltán Kodály, Hungarian composer (b. 1882)
- 1969 - Nadya Rusheva, Russian painter (b. 1952)
- 1970 - William Hopper, American actor (b. 1915)
- 1971 - Thurston Dart, English harpsichordist and conductor (B. 1921)
- 1973 - Pearl S. Buck, American writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)
- 1976 - Max 'Slapsie Maxie' Rosenbloom, American boxer and actor (b. 1903)
- 1981 - George Geary, English cricketer (b. 1893)
- 1982 - Ayn Rand, Russian-American author, (b. 1905)
- 1985 - Henry Wilcoxon, Dominican actor (b. 1905)
- 1986 - Georgia O'Keeffe, American artist, (b. 1887)
- 1993 - Douglas Marland, American writer (b. 1935)
- 1994 - Melina Mercouri, Greek actress, political activist, and politician (b. 1920)
- 1997 - Cheddi Jagan, President of Guyana (b. 1918)
- 1997 - Michael Manley, Prime Minister of Jamaica (b. 1924)

2000 onwards

- 2000 - John Colicos, Canadian actor (b. 1928)
- 2001 - Kim Walker, American actress (b. 1968)
- 2003 - John Sanford, American author (b. 1904)
- 2004 - Frances Dee, American actress (b. 1909)
- 2005 - Hans Bethe, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1906)
- 2005 - Tommy Vance, British radio disc jockey (b. 1943)

Holidays and observances

- In 2004, the Jewish holiday of Purim begins.
- In Ghana, March 6 is the national independence day
- Mothering Sunday in the United Kingdom (2005)
- Laetare Sunday, the fourth Sunday of the season of Lent in the Christian liturgical calendar. (2005)
- Casimir Pulaski Day in Illinois (2006, first Monday of March)

External links

- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/6 BBC: On This Day] ---- March 5 - March 7 - February 6 - April 6 -- listing of all days ko:3월 6일 ja:3月6日 simple:March 6 th:6 มีนาคม

1936

1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar).

Events

January-March

leap year starting on Wednesday
- January 7-10 - Second Italo-Abyssinian War: In the Battle of Ganale Doria, General Graziani attacks troops under Ras Desta Damtew guarding southern Ethiopia; after over three days of slaughter, the Ethiopians break and flee.
- January 15 - The first building to be completely covered in glass is completed in Toledo, Ohio, for the Owens-Illinois Glass Company.
- January 16 - Serial killer Albert Fish executed in Sing Sing
- January 20 - Death of George V of the United Kingdom. His son Edward VIII succeedes him as King of the United Kingdom, King of Ireland and Emperor of India.
- January 24 - Albert Sarraut's government begins in France.
- January 28 - Ismail Kadare, Albanian writer.
- January 31 - The Green Hornet radio show debuts.
- February 4 - Radium E. becomes the first radioactive element to be made synthetically.
- February 6 - The 1936 Winter Olympic Games opens in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
- February 10-15 - Second Italo-Abyssinian War: Ethiopian units under Ras Mulugeta counterattack southwest of Chalacot in the Battle of Amba Aradam, but are repulsed with heavy losses.
- From February 14, 1936, to March 1, 1945, AG Weser launched a total of 162 U-boats.
- February 19 - Manuel Azaña's government begins in Spain
- February 26 - 1400 Japanese soldiers invade government offices in Tokyo. They demand arrest of general Kazushige Ugaki and that general Sadao Araki made head of the Kwantung Army and death of the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal, the minister of Finance and Inspector General of Military Education
- February 29 - Emperor Hirohito orders Japanese army to arrest 123 conspirators in Tokyo government offices - 19 of them are executed in July.
- March 7 - A small contingent of German troops, increased considerably in number in the following days, marched into the Rhineland demilitarized zone bordering France.
- March 31 - Second Italo-Abyssinian War: Emperor Haile Selassie personally leads an Ethiopian counter-attack in the Battle of Maychew. A crushing Ethiopian defeat, this is the last major battle of the war.

May-June

Battle of Maychew
- May 2 - Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia leaves the capital city of Addis Ababa for Djibouti, whence he travels to Europe to personally address the League of Nations.
- May 5 - Italians occupy Addis Ababa
- May 8 - Jockey Ralph Neves temporarily dies during a race in Bay Meadows Racecourse in California but dashes back from the morgue to the racetrack
- May 9 - Italy officially annexes Ethiopia.
- May 12 - The Santa Fe railroad in the United States inaugurates the all-Pullman Super Chief passenger train between Chicago, Illinois and Los Angeles, California.
- May 18 - Sada Abe, a Japanese former prostitute, causes the death of her lover Kichizo Ishida from asphyxia while having sexual intercourse. She performs penis removal on the corpse. She wanders the streets of Tokyo for three days with the severed penis placed in her kimono.
- May 21 - The Japanese Police apprehends Sada Abe for manslaughter. She is sentenced to six years in prison but she gains fame from the incident. She would later become an actress.
- May 27 - The first flight by the Irish airline Aer Lingus takes place.
- May 27 - British luxury liner The Queen Mary leaves Southampton on her maiden voyage over the Atlantic
- May 28 - Alan Turing submits "On Computable Numbers" for publication.
- June 3 - Haile Selassie arrives to London in exile.
- June 4 - Léon Blum becomes Prime Minister of France.
- June 11 - Opening of the London International Surrealist Exhibition at the New Burlington Galleries.
- June 15 - Army laboratory explodes in Estonia - 50 dead.

July-September

Estonia
- July - A major heat wave strikes the Midwestern United States, hundreds of high temperature records are set
- July 4 - Last day of the London International Surrealist Exhibition at the New Burlington Galleries
- July 11 - Triborough Bridge in New York City is opened to traffic
- July 13 - Murder of Spanish monarchist Jose Calvo Sotelo
- July 13 to 14 - Peak of July 1936 heat wave. The states of Wisconsin, Michigan, and Indiana all set new state records for high temperature.
- July 16 – George McMahon tries to shoot Edward VIII at the Colour ceremony. Later he tries to claim he was working for MI5
- July 17 - Spanish Civil War: Francisco Franco and other generals attempt a coup d'état, starting a conservative rebellion against the recently-elected leftist Popular Front government of Spain
- July 17 - Franco's forces invade Canary Islands
- July 18 - Troops of Francisco Franco land on Morocco and Barcelona - Spanish Civil War begins
- July 19 - Spain - the main trade union, the anarchist CNT calls for a revolution to defeat the military coup and institute libertarian communism.
- July - British Police end routine armed patrols in London
- August 1 - The 1936 Summer Olympics open in Berlin, Germany.
- August 4 - Ioannis Metaxas bans political parties in Greece
- August 5 - Military coup in Greece - Ioannis Metaxas takes power
- August 14 - Rainey Bethea is hanged in Owensboro, Kentucky in the last public execution in the United States
- August 25 - Lev Kamenev and Grigory Zinoviev were shot by a firing squad
- September 6 - The last surviving thylacine, Benjamin, dies alone in his cage in the Hobart Zoo in Tasmania.
- September 14 - Landslide in northern Norway - 74 dead

October

Norway
- October 1 - Francisco Franco elected Jefe del Estado (Head of State) in Spain.
- October 5 - In Jarrow, England, 200 unemployed shipyard workers begin a march to London to petition the government to create more jobs. On October 31, 197 of them arrive on the Houses of Parliament
- October 7 - Basque representatives in Guernica declare the Basque Republic of Euzkadi
- October 9 - Generators at Boulder Dam (later renamed to Hoover Dam) begins to transmit electricity from the Colorado River 266 miles to Los Angeles, California.
- October 13 - The Jarrow March sets off for London.
- October 13 - Regular ferry traffic begins between Dover and Calais
- October 23 - Legión Cóndor joins the Falangists
- October 25 - Rome-Berlin axis is formed between Italy and Germany.
- October 28 - US President Franklin Roosevelt rededicates the Statue of Liberty on its 50th anniversary.
- October 31 - The Boy Scouts of the Philippines was formed.

November-December

Boy Scouts of the Philippines]
- November 3 - U.S. presidential election, 1936: Franklin D. Roosevelt is reelected to a second term in a landslide victory over Alf Landon.
- November 12 - In California, the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge opens to traffic.
- November 16 - Edward VIII of the United Kingdom announces his intention to marry Wallis Simpson
- November 20 - In UK, new Matrimonial Causes Act permits divorce on the grounds of cruelty, drunkenness, willful desertion, incurable insanity, and being a prisoner on a death sentence
- November 23 - The first edition of Life is published.
- November 25 - In Berlin, Nazi-Germany and Japan sign the Anti-Comintern Pact, thus agreeing to consult on what measures to take "to safeguard their common interests" in case of an unprovoked attack by the Soviet Union against either nation (Adolf Hitler broke the terms of the pact when he signed the Nazi-Soviet Pact in August, 1939).
- November 25 - Abraham Lincoln Brigade sails from New York City on its way to Spanish Civil War
- November 30 - In London, the Crystal Palace is destroyed in a fire (it had been built for the 1851 Great Exhibition).
- December 3 Radio station WQXR is officially founded
- December 10-11 - Edward VIII of the United Kingdom abdicates
- December 11 - Abdication of King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom leads to accession of King George VI of the United Kingdom.
- December 12 - George VI of the United Kingdom accedes to the throne.
- December 12-26 - Men of two of his generals kidnap Chiang Kai-Shek in Xi'an (Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng do it to force him to negotiate a deal with the communists)
- December 30 - The United Auto Workers union stages its first sit-down strike.

Unknown Dates

- Inge Lehmann argues that the Earth's molten interior has a solid core.
- The Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Turkish Straits is signed.
- YMCA Youth and Government program founded in Albany, New York
- Oswald Mosley leads an Anti-Jewish march through London's East End, where it meets with opposition
- Start of the Great Arab Revolt in the British mandate of Palestine (lasting until 1939)
- Jean Piaget (1896-1980) publishes 'La naissance de l'intelligence chez l'enfant'.
- Mordecai Ham begins radio ministry.

Births

January-February

- January 2 - Roger Miller, American singer (d. 1992)
- January 3 - Georgina Spelvin, film actress
- January 10 - Stephen Ambrose, American historian (d. 2002)
- January 10 - Robert Wilson, American physicist and radio astronomer, Nobel Prize laureate
- January 21 - Koji Hashimoto, Japanese film director (d. 2005)
- January 22 - Ong Teng Cheong, President of Singapore (d. 2002)
- January 22 - Alan J. Heeger, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- January 22 - Joseph Wambaugh, American author
- January 23 - Jerry Kramer, American football player
- January 27 - Troy Donahue, American actor (d. 2001)
- January 27 - Samuel C. C. Ting, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- January 28 - Alan Alda, American actor
- January 28 - Ismail Kadare, Albanian writer
- February 1 - Azie Taylor Morton, U.S. Treasurer (d. 2003)
- February 11 - Burt Reynolds, American actor
- February 14 - Andrew Prine, American actor
- February 17 - Jim Brown, American football player
- February 20 - Larry Hovis, American actor (d. 2003)
- February 21 - Barbara Jordan, American politician (d. 1996)
- February 22 - J. Michael Bishop, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- February 24 - Lance Reventlow, English playboy, entrepreneur, and race car driver (d. 1972)
- February 29 - Henri Richard, Canadian hockey player

March-April

- March 4 - Jim Clark, Scottish race car driver (d. 1968)
- March 5 - Canaan Banana, first President of Zimbabwe (d. 2003)
- March 5 - Dean Stockwell, American actor
- March 6 - Marion Barry Jr., Mayor of Washington, DC
- March 7 - Loren Acton, astronaut
- March 9 - Tom Sestak, American football player (d. 1987)
- March 11 - Rev. Ralph Abernathy, American civil rights leader (d. 1990)
- March 11 - Antonin Scalia, U.S. Supreme Court Justice
- March 17 - Ladislav Kupkovic, Slovak composer
- March 18 - Frederik Willem de Klerk, President of South Africa, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
- March 19 - Ursula Andress, Swiss actress
- March 20 - Lee "Scratch" Perry, Jamaican musician
- March 24 - David Suzuki, Canadian environmentalist
- March 28 - Mario Vargas Llosa, Peruvian author and politician
- March 31 - Marge Piercy, American novelist
- April 10 - John Madden, American football coach and sportscaster
- April 14 - Kenneth Mars, American actor
- April 22 - Glen Campbell, American musician
- April 23 - Roy Orbison, American singer (d. 1988)
- April 29 - Zubin Mehta, Indian conductor

May-August

- May 2 - Engelbert Humperdinck, British singer
- May 9 - Albert Finney, English actor
- May 9 - Glenda Jackson, English actress and politician
- May 12 - Frank Stella, American painter
- May 14 - Aline Chainé, First Lady of Canada
- May 14 - Bobby Darin, American singer (d. 1973)
- May 14 - Waheeda Rehman, Indian actress
- May 15 - Anna Maria Alberghetti, Italian-born actress
- May 15 - Paul Zindel, American novelist and playwright (d. 2003)
- May 16 - Karl Lehmann, German theologian
- May 17 - Dennis Hopper, American actor and director
- May 22 - M. Scott Peck, American psychiatrist and writer (d. 2005)
- May 28 - Betty Shabazz, American civil rights leader
- May 30 - Keir Dullea, American actor
- June 4 - Nutan, Indian actress
- June 8 - James Darren, American actor and singer
- June 8 - Kenneth G. Wilson, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- June 22 - Kris Kristofferson, American singer, songwriter, and actor
- June 23 - Costas Simitis, Prime Minister of Greece
- June 26 - Robert Maclennan, British politician
- June 28 - Cathy Carr, American singer (d. 1988)
- June 28 - Chuck Howley, American football player
- June 29 - Harmon Killebrew, baseball player
- July 5 - James Mirrlees, Scottish economist, Nobel Prize laureate
- July 6 - Dave Allen, Irish comedian (d. 2005)
- July 23 - Don Drysdale, baseball player (d. 1993)
- July 28 - Garfield Sobers, West Indian cricketer
- August 1 - Yves St. Laurent, Algerian-born French fashion designer
- August 4 - Assia Djebar, Algerian writer and filmmaker
- August 20 - Hideki Shirakawa, Japanese chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- August 21 - Wilt Chamberlain, American basketball player(d. 1999)
- August 29 - Inga Artamonova, Russian speed skater (d. 1966)

September-December

- September 2 - Andrew Grove, Hungarian-born businessman
- September 7 - Buddy Holly, American singer (d. 1959)
- September 14 - Walter Koenig, American actor
- September 14 - Ferid Murad, American physician and pharmacologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- September 24 - Jim Henson, American puppeteer, filmmaker, and television producer (d. 1990)
- October 3 - Steve Reich, American composer
- October 7 - Charles Dutoit, Swiss conductor
- October 16 - Andrei Chikatilo, Russian serial killer (d. 1994)
- October 23 - Barry Sinclair, New Zealand cricket captains
- October 31 - Michael Landon, American actor (d. 1991)
- November 12 - Mills Lane, American boxing referee
- November 19 - Yuan T. Lee, Taiwanese-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- November 20 - Don DeLillo, American author
- November 21 - Victor Chang, Australian heart surgeon
- December 11 - Taku Yamasaki, Japanese politician
- December 25 - Princess Alexandra of Kent
- December 29 - Mary Tyler Moore, American actress
- December 29 - Ray Nitschke, American football player (d. 1998)

Deaths

- January 16 - Albert Fish, American serial killer (executed) (b. 1890)
- January 18 - Rudyard Kipling, British writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1865)
- January 20 - King George V of the United Kingdom (b. 1865)
- February 4 - Wilhelm Gustloff, German leader of the Swiss Nazi Party (b. 1895)
- February 19 - Billy Mitchell, U.S. general and military aviation pioneer (b. 1879)
- February 26 - Saito Makoto, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1858)
- February 27 - Ivan Pavlov, Russian psychologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1849)
- February 28 - Charles Nicolle, French bacteriologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1866)
- March 16 - Marguerite Durand, French journalist and feminist leader (b. 1864)
- March 21 - Alexander Glazunov, Russian composer (b. 1865)
- April 3 - Bruno Hauptmann, German killer of Charles Lindbergh Jr. (b. 1899)
- April 8 - Robert Bárány, Austrian physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1876)
- April 30 - Alfred Edward Housman, English poet (b. 1859)
- June 11 - Robert E. Howard, American author (suicide

List of mayors of Washington, D.C.

The cities of Washington and Georgetown had separate mayors from 1802 - 1871. From 1871 through 1874, the District of Columbia was administered by Governors. From 1874 to 1974, the District was administered by a Board of Commissioners that was appointed by the President of the United States. From 1975 to the present day, the District, given home rule, has been administered by a popularly elected mayor and city council. The mayor of Washington, D.C., can be thought of as analogous to the city mayors of other cities in the United States, but in some manners can also be thought of as analogous to governors of other states.

Mayors of Washington (1802 - 1871)

Mayors were appointed from 1802 until 1820, and then were elected.

Mayors of Georgetown (1790 - 1871)

Governors of the District of Columbia (1871 - 1874)

Presidents of the Board of Commissioners

Home Rule Mayors (1975 - present day)

(
- ) Elected as Sharon Pratt Dixon, but remarried during her term. Washington, DC
-

Washington D.C.

Washington, D.C. is the capital city of the United States of America. "D.C." stands for the "District of Columbia", the federal district containing the city of Washington. The city is named for George Washington, military leader of the American Revolution and the first President of the United States. The District of Columbia and the city of Washington are coextensive and are governed by a single municipal government, so for most practical purposes they are considered to be the same entity. It is known locally as the District or simply D.C. Historically, it was called the Federal City. The District of Columbia, founded on July 16, 1790, is a federal district as specified by the United States Constitution with limited—and sometimes contentious—local rule. The District is ruled "in all cases whatsoever" by the U.S. Congress, though its residents have no voting representative in that body. The land forming the original District came from the states of Virginia and Maryland. However, the area south of the Potomac River (39 mi² or about 100 km²) was returned, or "retroceded", to Virginia in 1847 and now is incorporated into Arlington County and the City of Alexandria. The term "District of Columbia" is derived from an old poetic name for the United States, Columbia, which has fallen out of common use since the early 20th century. The centers of all three branches of the U.S. federal government are in Washington, D.C., as well as the headquarters of most federal agencies. Washington also serves as the headquarters for the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the Organization of American States, among other international (and national) institutions. All of this has made Washington the frequent focal point of massive political demonstrations and protests, particularly on the National Mall. Washington is also the site of numerous national landmarks, museums, and sports teams, and is a popular destination for tourists. The population of the District of Columbia, as of 2003 U.S. Census Bureau estimates, is 563,384. The Greater Washington, D.C. metropolitan area includes the District of Columbia and parts of Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia, with a population surpassing 4.7 million. If Washington, D.C. were considered a state, it would rank last in area behind Rhode Island, 50th in population ahead of Wyoming, and 36th in Gross State Product, ahead of 15 states. __TOC__

History

Wyoming map of Washington, D.C.]] A Southern site for the new country's capital was agreed upon at a dinner between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton. The initial plan for the "Federal City" was a diamond, ten miles wide on each side, totaling 100 square miles (260 square kilometers). The actual site on the Potomac River was chosen by President Washington. Washington may have chosen the site for its natural scenery, believing the Potomac would become a great navigable waterway. The city was officially named "Washington" on September 9, 1791. Out of modesty, George Washington never referred to it as such, preferring to call it "the Federal City". Despite choosing the site and living nearby at Mount Vernon, he rarely visited. On August 24, 1814, British forces burned the capital during the most notable and destructive raid of the War of 1812. President James Madison and U.S. forces fled before the British forces, who burned public buildings including the Capitol, the Navy Yard, and the Treasury building. The Presidential Mansion was also gutted. James Madison Washington remained a small city of a few thousand permanent residents until the outbreak of the U.S. Civil War in 1861. The significant expansion of the federal government to administer the war and its legacies—such as veterans' pensions—led to notable growth in the city's population. In July 1864, Confederate forces under Jubal Anderson Early made a brief raid into Washington, culminating in the Battle of Fort Stevens. The Confederates were repulsed and Early eventually returned to the Shenandoah Valley. The site, now called [http://www.nps.gov/batt/ Battleground National Cemetery] is located near present day Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Northwest Washington. The battle was the only battle where a U.S. President, Lincoln, was present and under enemy fire while in office [http://www.nps.gov/rocr/ftcircle/stevens.htm 1]. In the early 1870s, Washington was given a territorial government, but Governor Alexander Shepherd's reputation for extravagance resulted in Congress abolishing his office in favor of direct rule. Congressional governance of the District would continue for a century. The Washington Monument opened in 1888. Plans were laid to further develop the monumental aspects of the city, with work contributed by such noted figures as Frederick Law Olmsted and Daniel Burnham. However, development of the Lincoln Memorial and other structures on the National Mall did not begin until the early 20th century. Lincoln Memorial The District's population peaked in 1950, when the census for that year recorded a record population of 802,178 people. At the time, the city was the ninth-largest in the country, ahead of Boston and behind Saint Louis. The population declined in the following decades, mirroring the suburban out-migration of many of the nation's older urban centers following World War II. The Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified on March 29, 1961, allowing residents of Washington, D.C. to vote for president and have their votes count in the Electoral College. The first 4.6 miles (7.4 kilometers) of the Washington Metro subway system opened on March 27, 1976. Walter Washington became the first elected mayor of the District in 1974. Marion Barry became mayor in 1978, but he was arrested for drug use in an FBI sting on January 18, 1990 and would serve a six-month jail term. His successor, Sharon Pratt Kelly, became the first black woman to lead a city of that size and importance in the U.S. But Barry defeated her in the 1994 primary and was once again elected mayor for his fourth term, during which time the city nearly became insolvent and was forced to give up some home rule to a congressionally-appointed financial control board. On September 29, 200