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Energy Policy Act Of 2005

Energy Policy Act of 2005

The Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-58) is a statute which was passed by the United States Congress on July 29, 2005 and signed into law on August 8 2005 at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The Act, described by proponents as an attempt to combat growing energy problems, provides tax incentives and loan guarantees for energy production of various types.

Provisions

The Act was intended to establish a comprehensive, long-range energy policy. It provides incentives for traditional energy production as well as newer, more efficient energy technologies, and conservation. More than 1,700 pages long, the Act has hundreds of provisions. Major items include:
- Provides a tax credit of up to $3,400 for owners of hybrid vehicles;
- Authorizes loan guarantees for "innovative technologies" that avoid greenhouse gases, which might include advanced nuclear reactor designs (such as PBMR) as well as clean coal and renewable energy;
- Increases the amount of biofuel (usually ethanol) that must be mixed with gasoline sold in the United States to triple the current requirement (7.5 billion gallons by 2012);
- Seeks to increase coal as an energy source while also reducing air pollution, through authorizing $200 million annually for clean coal initiatives, repealing the current 160-acre cap on coal leases, allowing the advanced payment of royalties from coal mines and requiring an assessment of coal resources on federal lands that are not national parks;
- Authorizes subsidies for wind energy, and other alternative energy producers;
- Adds ocean energy sources including wave power and tidal power for the first time as separately identified renewable technologies;
- Authorizes $50 million annually over the life of the bill for a biomass grant program;
- Contains several provisions aimed at making geothermal energy more competitive with fossil fuels in generating electricity;
- Requires the Department of Energy to study and report on existing natural energy resources including wind, solar, waves and tides;
- Provides tax breaks for those making energy conservation improvements to their homes;
- Provides subsidies for oil companies;
- Extends Daylight Saving Time by approximately four weeks (see below);
- Requires that no drilling for gas or oil may be done in or underneath the Great Lakes;
- Requires that Federal Fleet vehicles capable of operating on alternative fuels be operated on these fuels exclusively (Section 701.)
- Sets federal reliability standards regulating the electrical grid (done in response to the Blackout of 2003);
- Nuclear-specific provisions: [http://www.nei.org/documents/Energy_Bill_2005.pdf] [http://www.nei.org/index.asp?catnum=3&catid=1351] :
- Extends the Price-Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act through 2025; :
- Authorizes cost-overrun support of up to $2 billion total for up to six new nuclear power plants; :
- Authorizes a production tax credit of up to $125 million total per year, consistent with renewables; :
- Authorizes $1.25 billion for the Department of Energy to build a nuclear reactor to generate both electricity and hydrogen; :
- Allows nuclear plant employees and certain contractors to carry firearms; :
- Prohibits the sale, export or transfer of nuclear materials and "sensitive nuclear technology" to any state sponsor of terrorist activities; :
- Updates tax treatment of decommissioning funds; :
- A provision for the Department of Energy to report in one year on how to dispose of high-level nuclear waste; It should be noted that in Congressional bills an "authorization" of a discretionary program is a permission to spend money, while an "appropriation" is the actual decision to spend money. Thus none of the authorizations above mean anything if the money is never appropriated.

Provisions in the original bill that were not in the Act

- Limited liability for producers of MTBE
- Drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR)
- Increasing vehicle efficiency standards (CAFE)
- Requiring increased reliance on non-greenhouse gas-emitting energy sources similar to the Kyoto Protocol

Text of the Act

The full text of the act is available [http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_bills&docid=f:h6enr.txt.pdf here]

Tax breaks by subject area

- $4.3 Billion for nuclear power ([http://www.nei.org/documents/Energy_Bill_2005.pdf Detailed 2005 breakdown] - PDF, 29kB)
- $2.8 billion for fossil fuel production
- $2.7 billion to extend the renewable electricity production credit
- $?.? Billion for the Freedom Car initiative (1.7 billion [http://www.cato.org/dailys/11-03-03-2.html 2003 CATO estimate])
- $1.6 billion in tax incentives for investments in clean coal facilities
- $1.3 billion for conservation and energy efficiency
- $1.3 billion for alternative motor vehicles and fuels (ethanol, methane, liquified natural gas, propane)
- $?.? Billion for hydrogen research

Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate

The Congressional Budget Office review of the conference version of the bill estimated the Act will increase direct spending by $1.6 billion, and reduce revenue by $12.3 billion between 2006 and 2015. The CBO noted that the bill could have additional effects on discretionary spending, but did not attempt to estimate those effects.

Change to Daylight Saving Time

The bill amends the Uniform Time Act of 1966 by changing the start and end dates of daylight saving time starting in 2007. Clocks will be set ahead one hour on the second Sunday of March instead of the current first Sunday of April. Clocks will be set back one hour on the first Sunday in November, rather than the last Sunday of October. This will affect accuracy of electronic clocks that had pre-programmed dates for adjusting to daylight saving time. The date for the end of daylight saving time has the effect of increasing evening light on Halloween (October 31). The first Sunday in November sometimes occurs as little as two days before election day.

Criticisms

- The Washington Post contended that the spending bill is really a broad collection of subsidies for United States energy companies; in particular, the nuclear and oil industries [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/29/AR2005072901128.html].
- Texas companies in particular benefit from the bill. This criticism is heightened by the fact that the President, the United States House Majority Leader and the House Energy & Commerce Committee Chairman are all from Texas.
- A Philadelphia Inquirer editorial on July 28th, 2005, suggested Congress had a "let's pass it and claim we did something" attitude.
- Even supporters of the bill concede that the bill will do little to lower oil prices immediately, and that any changes the bill has enacted will not happen overnight.
- John McCain denounced the 2003 bill (which was not passed) as the "No Lobbyist Left Behind" Act[http://www.taxpayer.net/energy/energywatch.htm ].
- Speaking for the National Republicans for Environmental Protection Association, President Martha Marks said that the organization was disappointed in the bill: it did not give enough of a short to conservation, and continued to subsidize the well-established oil and gas industries that don't require subsidizing. [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8870039/page/2/ ]
- The bill has had the unintended effect of causing shortages of E85, an ethanol and gasoline blend of fuel, in many parts of the country. Section 701 of the bill requires US Federal fleet flex-fuel vehicles (FFVs) to operate on alternative fuels 100% of the time. Formerly, such FFVs were required to be operated by the end of 2005 on alternative fuels only 51% (i.e., the majority of the time) by Executive Order 13149. (See Executive Order 13149 [http://ceq.eh.doe.gov/nepa/regs/eos/eo13149.html], dated April 21, 2000.) This effectively means that the US Government's use of E85 has been doubled, with the unintended results of limiting public availability of E85 fuel and increasing its price. Although the price of corn has not changed, from which ethanol fuel is derived, the shortage has removed the price incentive to switch to alternative fuel.

Legislative process

External links

Government

- [http://www.energy.gov/engine/content.do?PUBLIC_ID=11860&BT_CODE=DOEHOME&TT_CODE=SPOTLIGHTDOCUMENT Department of Energy spotlight on the bill] - listing consumer savings
- [http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2005/08/20050808-6.html Official News release and Allocution Bush / Albuquerque / 2005-08-08]
- [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=6581&sequence=0 Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate for the bill conference agreement, July 27, 2005]
- [http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d109:HR00006:@@@D&summ2=m&|TOM:/bss/d109query.html| Congressional Research Service summary]

News

- [http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0808/p01s01-uspo.htm Christian Science Monitor: How Much New Oil? Not a Lot]
- [http://news.bostonherald.com/opinion/view.bg?articleid=95929&format=text Boston Herald: Editorial]
- [http://wireservice.wired.com/wired/story.asp?section=Breaking&storyId=1069020&tw=wn_wire_story Reuters: brief summary]
- [http://msnbc.msn.com/id/8866543/ MSNBC: news story]
- [http://www.taxpayer.net/energy/energywatch.htm TaxPayer.net: How the Bill Passed] – a view of the reasons for the bills passage and its costs to taxpayers. See also: [http://www.taxpayer.net/energy/ TaxPayer.net on Subsidies]
- [http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20050808/ts_nm/bush_energy_dc_7 Yahoo! News: bill signing]
- [http://www.cnn.com/2005/POLITICS/08/08/bush.ap/index.html CNN: Bush: Energy bill effects will be long-term] Category:Energy Category:Electric power Category:United States federal legislation Category:2005 in law

Act of Congress

An Act of Congress is a bill or resolution adopted by both houses of the United States Congress to which one of the following events has happened: # Acceptance by the President of the United States, # Inaction by the President after ten days from reception (excluding Sundays) while the Congress is in session, or # Reconsideration by the Congress after a Presidential veto during its session. The President promulgates Acts of Congress made by the first two methods. If an act is made by the third method, the presiding officer of the house which last reconsidered the act promulgates it [http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/1/106a.html]. Under the United States Constitution, if the President does not return a bill or resolution to Congress with objections before the time limit expires, then the bill automatically becomes an act; however, if the Congress is adjourned at the end of this period, then the bill dies and cannot be reconsidered (see pocket veto). In addition, if the President rejects a bill or resolution while the Congress is in session, a two-thirds vote of both houses of the Congress is needed for reconsideration to be successful. Congress's powers are fairly broad, but no Act of Congress may violate the Constitution, nor otherwise exceed the powers granted to Congress by the Constitution, and if found to do so by the Supreme Court will be considered unconstitutional and struck down. Category:Legislative Branch of the United States Government

July 29

July 29 is the 210th day (211th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 155 days remaining.

Events

- 1014 - Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat on the Bulgarian army, but his subsequent savage treatment of 15,000 prisoners reportedly causes Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria to die of shock.
- 1030 - King Olaf II fights and dies in the Battle of Stiklestad, trying to regain his Norwegian throne from the Danes.
- 1567 - James VI is crowned King of Scotland at Stirling.
- 1588 - Battle of Gravelines: The Spanish Armada is defeated by an English naval force under command of Lord Charles Howard and Sir Francis Drake off the coast of Gravelines, France.
- 1693 - War of the Grand Alliance: Battle of Landen - France wins a Pyrrhic victory over Allied forces in the Netherlands.
- 1793 - John Graves Simcoe decides to build a fort and settlement at Toronto, having sailed into the bay there.
- 1848 - "Deşteaptă-te, române!" ("Wake up, O, Romania!", Romania's national anthem) is first sung in Râmnicu Vâlcea during the 1848 Revolution.
- 1848 - Irish Potato Famine: Tipperary Revolt - In Tipperary, an unsuccessful nationalist revolt against British rule is put down by police.
- 1851 - Annibale de Gasparis discovers asteroid 15 Eunomia.
- 1858 - United States and Japan sign the Harris Treaty.
- 1864 - American Civil War: Confederate spy Belle Boyd is arrested by Union troops and detained at the Old Capitol Prison in Washington, DC.
- 1899 - The First Hague Convention is signed.
- 1900 - In Italy, King Umberto I of Italy is assassinated by Italian-born anarchist Gaetano Bresci.
- 1907 - Sir Robert Baden-Powell founds the Boy Scouts with the first scout camp at Brownsea Island.
- 1920 - Construction of the Link River Dam begins as part of the Klamath Reclamation Project.
- 1932 - Great Depression: In Washington, DC, U.S. troops disperse the last of the "Bonus Army" of World War I veterans.
- 1945 - The BBC Light Programme radio station was launched for mainstream light entertainment and music.
- 1947 - After being shut off on November 9, 1946 for a memory upgrade, ENIAC, the world's first all-electronic digital computer, is reactivated. It will remain in continuous operation until October 2, 1955.
- 1948 - After a hiatus of 12 years caused by World War II, the first Summer Olympics opened in London, United Kingdom.
- 1954 - The Fellowship of the Ring, the first part of The Lord of the Rings, is published in the UK.
- 1957 - The International Atomic Energy Agency is established.
- 1958 - The U.S. Congress formally creates the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
- 1965 - Vietnam War: The first 4,000 101st Airborne Division paratroopers arrive in Vietnam, landing at Cam Ranh Bay.
- 1966 - Musician Bob Dylan crashes his Triumph motorcycle in upstate New York. He goes into seclusion for over a year before reemerging and reinventing himself artistically.
- 1967 - Vietnam War: Off the coast of North Vietnam the USS Forrestal catches on fire in the worst US naval disaster since World War II, killing 134.
- 1967 - At the fourth day of celebrating its 400th anniversary, the city of Caracas, Venezuela was shaken by an earthquake. The phenomenon lasted for 35 seconds, leaving approximately 500 deaths.
- 1976 - In New York City, the "Son of Sam" kills one person and seriously wounding another in the first of a series of attacks.
- 1981 - Lady Diana Spencer marries Charles, Prince of Wales.
- 1993 - The Israeli Supreme Court acquits accused Nazi death camp guard John Demjanjuk of all charges and he is set free.
- 1996 - The controversial child protection portion of the Communications Decency Act (1996) is struck down as too broad by a U.S. federal court.
- 2004 - U.S. Senator John F. Kerry of Massachusetts accepts the Democratic nomination for President of the United States at the 2004 Democratic National Convention in Boston, Massachusetts.
- 2005 - System Administrator Appreciation Day
- 2005 - Astronomers discover 10th planet.

Births

- 1166 - Henry II of Champagne (d. 1197)
- 1605 - Simon Dach, German poet (d. 1659)
- 1801 - George Bradshaw, English publisher (d. 1853)
- 1805 - Alexis de Tocqueville, French historian and political scientist (d. 1859)
- 1843 - Johannes Schmidt, German linguist (d. 1901)
- 1849 - Max Nordau, Austrian author, philosopher, and Zionist leader (d. 1923)
- 1865 - Alexander Glazunov, Russian composer (d. 1936)
- 1869 - Booth Tarkington, American author (d. 1946)
- 1872 - Eric Alfred Knudsen, American author, folklorist (d. 1957)
- 1874 - James Shaver Woodsworth, Canadian minister, social worker, and politician (d. 1942)
- 1876 - Maria Ouspenskaya, Russian-born actress (d. 1949)
- 1878 - Don Marquis, American author (d. 1937)
- 1883 - Porfirio Barba-Jacob, Colombian poet and writer (d. 1942)
- 1883 - Benito Mussolini, Italian dictator (d. 1945)
- 1884 - Ralph A. Bard, U.S. Navy Undersecretary (d. 1975)
- 1887 - Sigmund Romberg, Hungarian-born composer (d. 1951)
- 1892 - William Powell, American actor (d. 1984)
- 1897 - Sir Neil Ritchie, British general (d. 1983)
- 1898 - Isidor Isaac Rabi, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1988)
- 1900 - Eyvind Johnson, Swedish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1976)
- 1904 - J. R. D. Tata, Indian pioneer aviator and entrepreneur (d. 1993)
- 1905 - Clara Bow, American actress (d. 1965)
- 1905 - Dag Hammarskjöld, Swedish UN Secretary-General, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1961)
- 1905 - Stanley Kunitz, American poet
- 1905 - Thelma Todd, American actress (d. 1935)
- 1906 - Diana Vreeland, French-born fashion editor (d. 1989)
- 1907 - Melvin Belli, American lawyer and actor (d. 1996)
- 1913 - Erich Priebke, Nazi war criminal
- 1920 - Rodolfo Acosta, Mexican actor (d. 1974)
- 1924 - Lloyd Bochner, Canadian actor
- 1925 - Mikis Theodorakis, Greek composer
- 1927 - Harry Mulisch, Dutch author
- 1929 - Jean Baudrillard, French philosopher
- 1930 - Paul Taylor, American dancer and choreographer
- 1932 - Nancy Landon Kassebaum Baker, U.S. Senator
- 1935 - Peter Schreier, German tenor
- 1936 - Elizabeth Dole, U.S. senator
- 1937 - Daniel McFadden, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1938 - Peter Jennings, Canadian-born television journalist (d. 2005)
- 1941 - David Warner, Canadian actor
- 1942 - Tony Sirico, American actor
- 1943 - David Taylor, English snooker player
- 1949 - Vida Blue, baseball player
- 1953 - Ken Burns, American producer and director
- 1953 - Geddy Lee, Canadian musician (Rush)
- 1957 - Nelli Kim, Russian gymnast
- 1959 - Sanjay Dutt, Indian actor
- 1959 - Ruud Janssen, Dutch writer and artist
- 1965 - Chang-Rae Lee, Korean-born author
- 1966 - Martina McBride, American singer
- 1972 - Wil Wheaton, American actor
- 1973 - Stephen Dorff, American actor
- 1973 - Wanya Morris, American singer Boyz II Men
- 1979 - Abs Breen, English singer
- 1980 - Fernando Gonzalez, Chilean Tennis Player
- 1981 - Fernando Alonso, Spanish race car driver
- 1987 - Randy S. Mays Jr., Student at the University of Pittsburgh

Deaths

- 238 - Pupienus, Roman Emperor (assassinated)
- 238 - Balbinus, Roman Emperor (assassinated)
- 1030 - King Olaf II of Norway (b. 995)
- 1099 - Pope Urban II (b. 1042)
- 1108 - King Philip I of France (b. 1081)
- 1507 - Martin Behaim, German-born navigator and geographer (b. 1459)
- 1612 - Jacques Bongars, French scholar and diplomat (b. 1554)
- 1644 - Pope Urban VIII (b. 1568)
- 1752 - Peter Warren, British admiral
- 1792 - René Nicolas Charles Augustin de Maupeou, Chancellor of France (b. 1714)
- 1813 - Jean-Andoche Junot, French general (suicide) (b. 1771)
- 1833 - William Wilberforce, English campaigner against slavery (b. 1759)
- 1844 - Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart, Austrian composer (b. 1791)
- 1856 - Robert Schumann, German composer (b. 1810)
- 1887 - Agostino Depretis, Italian statesman (d. 1813)
- 1890 - Vincent van Gogh, Dutch painter (b. 1853)
- 1900 - King Umberto I of Italy (b. 1844)
- 1913 - Tobias Michael Carel Asser, Dutch jurist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1838)
- 1951 - Hozumi Shigeto, Japanese author (b. 1883)
- 1954 - Coen de Koning, Dutch speed skater (b. 1879)
- 1970 - John Barbirolli, English conductor (b. 1899)
- 1970 - George Szell, Hungarian conductor (b. 1897)
- 1974 - Cass Elliot, American musician (b. 1941)
- 1974 - Erich Kästner, German author (b. 1899)
- 1975 - James Blish, American writer (b. 1921)
- 1979 - Herbert Marcuse, German philosopher (b. 1898)
- 1979 - Bill Todman, American television producer (b. 1916)
- 1981 - Robert Moses, New York public works official (b. 1888)
- 1982 - Vladimir Zworykin, Russian physicist and inventor (b. 1889)
- 1983 - Luis Buñuel, Spanish director (b. 1900)
- 1983 - Raymond Massey, Canadian actor (b. 1896)
- 1983 - David Niven, English actor (b. 1910)
- 1984 - Fred Waring, American band leader and inventor (b. 1900)
- 1990 - Bruno Kreisky, Chancellor of Austria (b. 1911)
- 1994 - Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1910)
- 1996 - Jason Thirsk, American bassist (Pennywise) (b. 1967)
- 2001 - Edward Gierek, Polish politician (b. 1913)
- 2001 - Wau Holland, German hacker (b. 1951]])
- 2001 - Henryk Jablonski, President of Poland (b. 1909)
- 2003 - Foday Sankoh, Sierra Leonean rebel leader (b. 1937)
- 2004 - Rena Vlahopoulou, Greek comedienne and actress (b. 1923)

Holidays and observations

- Norway - St. Olav's Day
- Roman Catholic Church - Feast of Saint Olaf (Olaf II of Norway), patron of woodcarvers
- Roman Catholic Church - Feast of Saint Martha, sister of Lazarus, patron of cooks and dieticians
- Faroe Islands - Ólavsøka: opening of the Løgting session
- National Anthem Day in Romania

External links

- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/29 BBC: On This Day] ---- July 28 - July 30 - June 29 - August 29 -- listing of all days ko:7월 29일 ms:29 Julai ja:7月29日 simple:July 29 th:29 กรกฎาคม

Signed

Sign can denote any of the following:
- In astrology sign is often used to mean the Sun sign.
- In communication sign or signing refers to communicating via hand gestures, such as sign language.
- In computing, the digits where one bit among them tells the number is either negative or non-negative are called signed, otherwise unsigned. See also: Signedness
- In divination a sign is an omen, an event or occurrence believed to fortell the future.
- In linguistics, Ferdinand de Saussure described a Sign (linguistics) as a combination of a concept and a sound-image.
- In mathematics, the sign of a number refers to whether it is negative or positive.
- In biology a sign is an indication of some living thing's presence.
- In medicine, a medical sign is objective evidence of the presence of a disease or disorder, as opposed to a symptom, which is subjective.
- In semiotics, sign (semiotics) are the basic units of meaning.
- Information signs are notices that instruct, advise, inform or warn people.
- On (the side of or above) roads there are traffic signs to instruct drivers. In most parts of the world these include stop signs, speed limit signs, cross walk signs, and others.
- Within a writing system, a sign is a basic unit. Similar terms which are more specific are character, letter or grapheme.
- Commercial signage, including flashing signs, such as on a retail store, factory, or theatre.
- To write one's signature on a document, thus showing authorship and will.

2005

2005 (MMV) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. 2005 is the World Year of Physics, the Year of the Rooster in the Chinese calendar, and the International Year of the Eucharist in Catholicism. See also Wikipedia's almanac of events for this year.

Events

January

- January 4 - Death of the Governor of Baghdad, Ali Al-Haidri, assassinated by gunmen.
- January 9 - The same storm which pounded the US earlier in the month hits England and Scandinavia, leaving 13 dead with widespread flooding and power cuts.
- January 9 - Mahmoud Abbas is elected to succeed Yasser Arafat as Palestinian Authority president in the Palestinian election.
- January 12 - Deep Impact is launched from Kennedy Space Center by a Delta 2 rocket.
- January 13 - Terrorists enter into Israel from Gaza and open fire on civilians near border, killing 6 and wounding 5 others. Hamas and Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claim joint responsibility for attack.
- January 14 - The Huygens probe lands on Titan, largest moon of Saturn.
- January 16 - Adriana Iliescu gives birth at 66, the oldest woman in the world to do so. Adriana Iliescu.]]
- January 18 - Terrorists murder 1 person and wound 8 people in Gush Katif, Israel. Hamas claims responsibility.
- January 20 - George W. Bush is inaugurated in Washington, D.C. for his second term as 43rd President of the United States.
- January 20 - Ireland completes metrication.
- January 21 - In Belize's capital city Belmopan, the unrest over the government's new taxes erupts into riots.
- January 23 - Viktor Yushchenko is sworn in as the third President of Ukraine in Kiev, Ukraine.
- January 25 - A stampede at Mandher Devi temple in Mandhradevi during a religious pilgrimage in India kills at least 215, mostly women and small children.
- January 30 - The first free Parliamentary elections in Iraq since 1958 take place.
- January 30 - A Royal Air Force C-130 Hercules transport plane crashes in Iraq, killing 10 British servicemen. Iraqi insurgents release a video claiming to have shot the aircraft down using a missile.

February

- February 6 - The New England Patriots defeat the Philadelphia Eagles 24-21 to win their third Super Bowl in four years.
- February 8 - Danish parliamentary elections continue the center-right coalition led by Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen and his Liberal Party.
- February 9 - An ETA car bomb injures 31 people at a conference centre in Madrid.
- February 10 - North Korea announces that it possesses nuclear weapons as a protection against the hostility it feels from the United States.
- February 10 - Saudi Arabia holds its first ever elections for municipal authorities, in which only men are allowed to vote.
- February 12 - Fire devastates the Windsor Building, a 32 story office block, in Madrid.
- February 14 - A massive suicide bomb blast in central Beirut kills Lebanon's former prime minister Rafik Hariri and at least 15 other people. At least 135 other people were also hurt.
- February 14 - Around 59 people are killed and 200 injured in a fire at a mosque in Tehran, Iran. Iran emissions of greenhouse gases.]]
- February 16 - The Kyoto Protocol comes into effect, without the support of the United States and Australia.
- February 16 - The National Hockey League cancels its 2004-2005 season becoming the first North American professional league to cancel a season due to a labour dispute.
- February 19 - Suicide bombers kill more than 30 people in Iraq as Shia Muslims mark Ashura, their holiest day.
- February 20 - Spanish referendum on the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe, passing it by a substantial margin, but on a low turnout.
- February 20 - Early Legislative elections in Portugal result in a landslide victory for José Sócrates and the Socialist Party.
- February 22 - More than 500 people are killed and over 1,000 injured after entire villages are flattened in an earthquake measuring 6.4 on the Richter scale in Zarand region of Kerman province in southern Iran.
- February 25 - The Serial Killer Dennis Rader is apprehended by Wichita Police and the FBI.
- February 25 - Terrorists murder 5 people and wound 50 people in Tel Aviv, Israel. Islamic Jihad claims responsibility for attack.
- February 26 - Hosni Mubarak the president of Egypt asks parliament to amend the constitution to allow multi-candidate presidential elections before September 2005.

March

- March 1 - The U.S. Supreme Court rules the death penalty unconstitutional for juveniles who committed their crimes under age 18.
- March 3 - At 19:17 the 3500-ton freighter, M/V Karen Danielsen, crashes into the Western bridge of the Great Belt Bridge of Denmark, 800m from Funen. All traffic across the bridge is closed, effectively separating Denmark in two.
- March 3 - Millionaire Steve Fossett breaks a world record by completing the first non-stop, non-refueled, solo flight around the world in the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer.
- March 10 - Tung Chee Hwa's resignation: Tung Chee Hwa, the Chief Executive of Hong Kong, resigns.
- March 11 - In the UK, the controversial Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005 was finally given Royal Assent after one of the longest ever sittings by the House of Lords.
- March 13 - First round of Central African Republic elections.
- March 14 - The People's Republic of China ratifies an anti-secession law aimed at preventing Taiwan from declaring independence.
- March 14 - Nearly one million people gathered for an opposition rally in Beirut, a month after the death of former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri — the largest rally in Lebanon history. Lebanon, 2005.]]
- March 16 - Ripudaman Singh Malik and Ajaib Singh Bagri, accused of the bombing of the Air India Flight 182 in 1985, are found not guilty on all counts.
- March 19 - A suspected suicide bomber in Doha, Qatar, kills one person and injures about 12 others.
- March 19 - A time bomb explodes in a Muslim shrine in Quetta, southwestern Pakistan, killing at least 29 people and wounding 40.
- March 19 - A mine blast occurs at the Xishui coal mine in Shuozhou and rocks nearby Kangjiayao coal mine, killing up to 59.
- March 20 - At least 250 people in Japan are injured and at least one killed by when a magnitude 7 earthquake struck west of Kyushu Island, just 9km (5.5 miles) below the ocean floor.
- March 21 - 10 killed in the Red Lake High School massacre in Minnesota, the worst school shooting since the Columbine High School massacre.
- March 23 - The United States' 11th Circuit Court of Appeals' 2-1 decision refuses to order the reinsertion of Terri Schiavo's feeding tube.
- March 24 - The Tulip Revolution in Kyrgyzstan reaches its climax with the overthrow of president Askar Akayev.
- March 26 - The Taiwanese government called on 1 million Taiwanese to demonstrate in Taipei in opposition to the Anti-Secession Law of Mainland China. Around 200 000 to 300 000 attended the walk.
- March 28 - The 2005 Sumatran earthquake struck off Sumatra, 3 months after the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. At a magnitude of 8.7 it is the second largest earthquake since 1965.

April

- Anti-Japanese demonstrations in China
- April 1 - Newsanchor Peter Jennings hosts what will turn out to be his final World News Tonight telecast.
- April 2 - Pope John Paul II dies, causing widespread grief in the world.
- April 7 - MG Rover, the UK's sole remaining volume producer goes into receivership after a planned alliance with Chinese manufacturer, Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation collapses.
- April 7 - A suicide bomber blows himself up in Cairo's Khan al Khalili market, killing two foreign tourists and wounding seventeen others. A group called "Islamic Pride Brigades" claims responsibility.
- April 8 - Referendum in Curaçao on independence vs. integration with the Netherlands.
- April 9 - Tens of thousands of demonstrators, many of them supporters of Shia cleric Moqtada Sadr, marched through Baghdad denouncing the U.S. occupation of Iraq, two years after the fall of Saddam Hussein, and rallied in the square where his statue was toppled in 2003.
- April 9 - The marriage of The Prince of Wales and Camilla Parker Bowles takes place. Camilla assumes the titles Her Royal Highness and The Duchess of Cornwall.
- April 12 - Fans hurl lit flares onto the field at San Siro Stadium in Milan during a Champions League quarter-final soccer match.
- April 15 - At least twenty one people died and around fifty people were injured in a devastating fire at a hotel in central Paris.
- April 16 - President Lucio Gutierrez of Ecuador declared a state of emergency in the capital city and dissolved the Supreme Court.
- April 17 - Twelve holidaymakers were killed in southern Switzerland when a bus carrying twenty seven people plunged 200 metres into a ravine.
- April 18 - Five people died in ethnic clashes in Iran's south-west Khuzestan province.
- April 19 - Joseph Ratzinger elected Pope Benedict XVI on the second day of the Papal conclave.
- April 20 - fifty six hurt as earthquake hits Fukuoka and Kasuga, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. The earthquake measured a magnitude of 5.8 on the Richter scale.
- April 20 - President Lucio Gutiérrez of Ecuador is said to have fled after Congress voted to sack him amid growing protests.
- April 21 - A bus crash in Vietnam's Central Highlands has left thirty Vietnamese war veterans dead and four other people hurt.
- April 21 - A gunfight on the edge of the Saudi city of Mecca has left two militants and two members of the security forces dead.
- April 23 - Silvio Berlusconi, prime minister of Italy, re-forms government after its dissolution three days earlier.
- April 25 - A passenger train derails in Amagasaki Hyogo Prefecture Japan killing 107 people and injuring another 456. (see Amagasaki rail crash)
- April 26 - Facing international pressure, Syria withdrew the last of its 14,000 troop military garrison in Lebanon ending its twenty nine year military domination of that country.
- April 27 - The Superjumbo jet aircraft Airbus A380 made its first flight from Toulouse.
- April 30 - Attacks on tourists in the Egyptian capital Cairo leave three militants dead and at least ten people injured.

May

- May 1 - A suicide attack targets a Kurdish funeral in the northern Iraqi town of Talafar, near Mosul, and leaves at least 25 people dead and more than 30 others injured. Earlier, at least five policemen and four civilians were killed in two separate attacks in Baghdad.
- May 2 - 4th president of Singapore, Wee Kim Wee dies from prostate cancer.
- May 2 - A blast at an illegal munitions store in northern Afghanistan kills 28 people and injures at least 13 others.
- May 3 - At least 32 people are killed and nine others injured when three two-storey buildings in the eastern Pakistani city of Lahore collapsed after gas cylinders stored in one of them exploded.
- May 4 - In one of the largest insurgent attacks in Iraq to date, at least 60 people have been killed and dozens wounded in a suicide bombing at a Kurdish police recruitment center in Irbil, northern Iraq.
- May 5 - The United Kingdom votes in the 2005 general election. The Labour Party is re-elected with a substantially reduced majority.
- May 5 - Two homemade bombs explode outside the British consulate in New York, USA.
- May 10 - A live hand grenade lands about 100 feet (30 m) from United States President George W. Bush while he is giving a speech to a crowd in Tbilisi, Georgia, but malfunctions and does not detonate.
- May 11 - Serial killer Michael Ross became first person executed in New England in 45 years.
- May 12 - An election was held in the Cayman Islands 7 months later than originally scheduled due to Hurricane Ivan. It resulted in a change of government, with the United Democratic Party giving four seats to the then-opposition People's Progressive Movement in the 15 member Legislative Assembly.
- May 13 - Uzbek troops kill up to 700 during protests in eastern Uzbekistan over the trials of 23 accused Islamic extremists. President Islam Karimov defends the act.
- May 13 - The United States Department of Defense issues a list of bases to be closed as part of the Base Realignment and Closure process (BRAC 2005).
- May 13 - The final episode of the TV series Star Trek: Enterprise is broadcast in the United States. This episode may mark the end of the Star Trek franchise itself, which dates back to 1966.
- May 15 - A passenger ferry capsizes and sinks in strong winds in the Bura Gauranga River in Bangladesh, leaving over 100 people missing.
- May 16 - George Galloway appears before a U.S. Senate committee, to answer allegations of making money from the Iraqi Oil-for-Food Programme.
- May 17 - Kuwaiti women granted right to vote.
- May 19 - Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith released, effectively completing the Star Wars movie saga begun by George Lucas in 1977 and shattering the opening day box-office record with $50,013,859.
- May 19 - The Canadian House of Commons members narrowly pass two budget bills at second reading allowing the minority Liberal government of Prime Minister Paul Martin to stay in power.
- May 21 - Greece wins the Eurovision Song Contest in Kiev.
- May 25 - Liverpool F.C. win the UEFA Champions League by defeating AC Milan 3-2 in a penalty shootout in Istanbul.
- May 25 - The Acting Chief Executive of Hong Kong, Donald Tsang, resigned for participating in the Chief Executive Election in July. As a result, Henry Tang and Michael Suen had become the Acting Chief Executive and Acting Chief Secretary for Administration respectively.
- May 29 - French referendum on the European Constitution votes resoundingly to reject.
- May 31 - W. Mark Felt is confirmed to be Deep Throat.

June

- June 1 - Dutch referendum on the European Constitution votes to reject, the second country to do so.
- June 5 - Switzerland votes to join the Schengen area and to allow same-sex partnerships.
- June 6 - Syrian Vice President Abdul Halim Khaddam resigns.
- June 9 - Glynn Birch announced as new president of Mothers Against Drunk Driving.
- June 13 - Singer Michael Jackson acquitted of all charges of harming children (see 2005 trial of Michael Jackson).
- June 17 - A 6.7 aftershock,which followed a 5.3 earthquake the previous day, hits California making it the fourth earthquake since June 12 in California. (California earthquakes of June 2005)
- June 17 - Because of "quadruple-witching" options and futures expiration, the New York Stock Exchange sees the heaviest first-hour trading on record. 704 million shares were traded between 9:30-10:30 A.M. 1.92 billion shares were traded for the day.
- June 19 - Election in the Autonomous Community of Galicia, Spain — preliminary results show that Manuel Fraga and the Partido Popular lose control of the autonomous parliament.
- June 21 - Volna booster rocket carrying the first light sail spacecraft (a joint Russian-United States project) failed 83 seconds after its launch, destroying the spacecraft.
- June 23 - The San Antonio Spurs win the NBA World Championship title.
- June 28 - Queen Elizabeth II conducts the International Fleet Review of 167 international warships in the Solent, as part of the Trafalgar 200 celebrations.
- June 30 - Spain joins Belgium and the Netherlands in permitting same-sex marriage.

July

- July 2 - Live 8, a series of 10 simultaneous concerts take place throughout the world, raising interest in the Make Poverty History campaign.
- July 4 - NASA's "Copper bullet" from Deep Impact spacecraft hits Comet Tempel 1, creating a crater for scientific studies.
- July 4 - Violent G8 demonstrations in Gleneagles
- July 6 - The European Parliament rejects the Directive on the patentability of computer-implemented inventions in its second reading in the codecision procedure.
- July 6 - The International Olympic Committee awards the 2012 Summer Olympics to London. London.]]
- July 7 - Four explosions rock the transport network in London, three on the London Underground and one on a bus. Over 50 deaths were reported, and over 200 injured. See 7 July 2005 London bombings.
- July 7 - Al-Qaeda admits to the killing of Egypt's Ambassador, Ihab al-Sherif.
- July 10 - Luxembourgish referendum on the European Constitution votes to accept.
- July 10 - Hurricane Dennis strikes near Navarre Beach, Florida as a Category 3 storm killing 10 people, after killing over 50 people in the Caribbean.
- July 12 - Terrorists kill 5 people and wound 90 people in a crowded mall in Netanya, Israel. Islamic Jihad claims responsibility for attack.
- July 13 - Three trains collide in the Ghotki rail crash in Ghotki, Pakistan, killing over 150 people.
- July 14 - A compromise budget is reached in Minnesota, ending the fourteen-day government shutdown.
- July 16 - Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, the sixth book of the Harry Potter saga by the British writer J. K. Rowling, is released.
- July 19 - President Bush nominates Appeals Court Judge John G. Roberts, Jr. to the United States Supreme Court, following the retirement of Sandra Day O'Connor.
- July 20 - Canada's Civil Marriage Act, legalizing same-sex marriage, receives Royal Assent.
- July 21 - A terrorist attack on London, similar to the July 7 attacks, includes 4 attempted bomb attacks on 3 Underground trains and a London bus. The bombs failed to explode properly, and only one injury was reported.
- July 22 - A Brazilian electrician, Jean Charles de Menezes, is shot dead at a London underground station by police who mistake him for a suicide bomber.
- July 23 - A series of blasts in a resort town in Egypt. See July 23, 2005 Sharm el-Sheikh attacks.
- July 24 - Lance Armstrong wins a record seventh straight Tours de France before his scheduled retirement.
- July 26 - Launch for Space Shuttle Discovery return to flight mission STS-114. This is the first Space Shuttle flight in nearly two and a half years since the breakup of Columbia on its return from mission STS-107.
- July 28 - The Provisional IRA issues a statement formally ordering an end to the armed campaign it has pursued since 1969 and ordering all its units to dump their arms.

August

August
- August 2 - Air France Flight 358 bursts into flames after overshooting the runway at Toronto Pearson International Airport; all aboard survive.
- August 6 - An ATR-72 heading from Italy to Tunisia crashes into the Mediterranean Sea, killing 16 of 39 on board.
- August 9 - Space Shuttle Discovery returns to Edwards Air Force Base at 0814 EDT, completing STS-114, "Return to Flight."
- August 12 - Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter launched.
- August 14 - Helios Airways Flight 552 crashes into a mountain in Greece, killing 121.
- August 16 - West Caribbean Airways Flight 708 crashes into a mountain in Venezuela, killing 152 passengers.
- August 17 - The first forced evacuation of settlers, as part of the Israel unilateral disengagement plan, starts.
- August 17 - Bangladesh is hit by bomb explosions. [http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Bangladesh_hit_by_several_bomb_explosions]
- August 18 - BTK killer Dennis Rader is sentenced to 10 consecutive life sentences.
- August 18 - Peace Mission 2005, the first joint China-Russia military exercise, begins its 8-day training on the Shandong peninsula.
- August 22 - A 4.1 kg meteorite crashes into the Dotito area of Zambezi Escarpment in Zimbabwe, leaving a 15 cm crater.
- August 23 - Israel's unilateral disengagement from 25 Jewish settlements in the Gaza Strip and West Bank ends.
- August 24 - Hong Kong High Court Judge Michael Hartmann rules that sodomy laws were unconstitutional. Michael Hartmann.]]
- August 28 - Terrorist wounds 52 at bus station in Beersheba, Israel. Islamic Jihad claims responsibility for attack.
- August 29 - At least 1,300 are killed, and severe damage is caused along the U.S. Gulf Coast, as Hurricane Katrina strikes the Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama coastal areas. Within hours, levees give way and New Orleans is flooded.
- August 31 - A crowd crush on the Al-Aaimmah bridge in Baghdad kills several hundred civilians (see Baghdad bridge stampede).

September

- September 1 - Oil prices rise sharply following economic effects of Hurricane Katrina.
- September 5 - Mandala Airlines Flight 091 737 crashes in Indonesia killing at least 117. (See airplane accidents in 2005).
- September 7 - Incumbent Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak wins its first multi-party presidential election.
- September 11 - Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi and the LDP are returned to power following the Japanese general elections.
- September 12 - Norwegian parliamentary election
- September 12 - English cricket team draw the final match to win The 2005 Ashes.
- September 14 - September 16 - Largest UN World Summit in history, held in New York City.
- September 17 - Helen Clark leader of the Labour Party is re-elected for a third term in the New Zealand general election
- September 18 - Angela Merkel of the CDU and Gerhard Schröder of the SDP both claim victory in German federal election
- September 18 - Afghan parliamentary election
- September 19 - North Korea agrees to stop building nuclear weapons in exchange for aid and cooperation.
- September 24 - Hurricane Rita hits the US Gulf Coast. The 9th Ward section of New Orleans floods for the 2nd time in a month and a half. Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas, and Alabama are also affected.
- September 25 - Polish parliamentary election.
- September 26 - U.S. army reservist Lynndie England is convicted by a military jury on six of seven counts in connection with the Abu Ghraib prisoner abuse scandal.
- September 27 - Michaëlle Jean, born in Haiti, becomes the 27th Governor General of Canada, and the first black person to hold that position.
- September 28 - American politician Tom DeLay is indicted on charges of criminal conspiracy by a Texas grand jury.
- September 29 - John G. Roberts, Jr. is confirmed and sworn in as Chief Justice of the United States.
- September 30 - The Parliament of Catalonia passes with 120 plus votes and 15 against, the Project of New Catalan Statute of Autonomy, proclaiming in its article 1, "Catalonia is a nation".

October

- October 1 - 26 people are killed and more than 100 are injured in the 2005 Bali bombings.
- October 1 - The world's largest bank, Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, is formed by the merger of two Japanese banking conglomerates.
- October 1 - An Australian photojournalist in Afghanistan, Stephen Dupont, films US soldiers two dead Taliban militias' bodies.
- October 2 - 20 people are killed in a shipwreck in Lake George, NY.
- October 4 - Hurricane Stan hits Mexico and Central America killing over 1,153 people.
- October 5 - Flight Lieutenant Malcolm Kendall-Smith charged with refusing to serve in the Iraq war.
- October 7 - UN nuclear agency director Mohamed ElBaradei is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
- October 8 - An earthquake in Kashmir kills about 80,000 people.
- October 9 - Polish presidential election.
- October 12 - The second Chinese human spaceflight Shenzhou 6 launched, carrying Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng for five days in orbit.
- October 13 - Veselin Topalov wins the FIDE World Chess Championship 2005
- October 15 - The referendum on the new Proposed Iraqi constitution is held.
- October 15 - Riot in Toledo, Ohio during a Neo-Nazi rally surrounding racial issues; 114 arrested
- October 15 - Qinghai-Tibet Railway completed.
- October 16 - US Helicopters and warplanes bomb two villages near Ramadi in western Iraq, killing about 70 people.
- October 18 - The UN tightens the rules for its staff, following several claims of financial impropriety and sexual abuse.
- October 19 - The Trials of Saddam Hussein begin.
- October 19 - Hurricane Wilma swells into a Category 5 storm.
- October 21 - 200th Anniversary of the Battle of Trafalgar, celebrations held around the United Kingdom.
- October 22 - Tropical Storm Alpha forms making the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season the most active on record.
- October 23 - Polish presidential election.
- October 23 - Referendum on the merger of the Kamchatka Oblast and the Autonomous District of Koryakia.
- October 23 - [http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referendo_Sobre_a_Proibi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Com%C3%A9rcio_de_Armas_e_Muni%C3%A7%C3%A3o_no_Brasil Guns and Amno Ban Referendum] in Brazil
- October 23 - Bellview Airlines Flight 210 crashes in Nigeria.
- October 24 - Hurricane Wilma makes landfall in southwestern Florida as a category 3 hurricane.
- October 26 - The Chicago White Sox win the 2005 World Series.
- October 26 - Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad calls for Israel to be "wiped off the map" at "World Without Zionism" conference in Tehran, Iran, and condemns peace process.
- October 27 - Two teenagers accidentally electrocute themselves in Seine-Saint-Denis, Paris, France, leading to widespread rioting.
- October 28 - Vice presidential adviser Lewis "Scooter" Libby resigns after being charged with obstruction of justice, perjury and making a false statement in the CIA leak investigation.
- October 29 - A train in Andhra Pradesh, India derails, killing at least 77 people.
- October 29 - At least 61 people are dead and many others wounded in three powerful blasts in the Indian capital, Delhi. See 29 October 2005 Delhi bombings for full details.
- October 30 - Hurricane Beta hits the coast of Nicaragua. It is the thirteenth hurricane of 2005, breaking the 1969 record of 12 hurricanes.

November

- November 1 - The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall arrive in the United States for a state visit, their first overseas tour since their marriage.

Albuquerque, New Mexico

:This article is about the largest city of New Mexico. For other uses, see Albuquerque (disambiguation). Albuquerque (disambiguation) Albuquerque is the largest city in the state of New Mexico, United States. It is the county seat of Bernalillo County, and is situated in the central part of the state, straddling the Rio Grande. The city had a total population of 448,607 as of the 2000 census. The metropolitan area has a population of roughly 750,000 and includes the city of Rio Rancho, one of the fastest growing cities in the United States. ABQ (a colloquialism for the city and also the code for the city's airport) is located where the Interstate highways I-40 and I-25 meet in an interchange which locals refer to as the "Big I." The city was founded in 1706 as the Spanish colonial outpost of Alburquerque; Albuquerque retains much Spanish cultural and historical heritage. Albuquerque is home to the University of New Mexico (UNM) and Kirtland Air Force Base as well as Sandia National Laboratories and Petroglyph National Monument. The Sandia Mountains run along the eastern side of Albuquerque and the Rio Grande flows through the city north to south. Albuquerque's climate is usually sunny and dry, averaging no more than 10-12 inches (250 to 300 mm) of precipitation per year. The city hosts the Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta every October. The Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta started in 1972.

History

The old Spanish town of Alburquerque was founded in 1706 as a Spanish colonial outpost. Alburquerque was a farming community and strategically located military outpost along the Camino Real. The town of Alburquerque was built in the traditional Spanish village pattern: a central plaza surrounded by government buildings, homes, and a church. This central plaza area has been preserved and is open to the public as a museum, cultural area, and center of commerce. It is referred to as "Old Town Albuquerque" or simply "Old Town." The village was named by the provincial governor Don Francisco Cuervo y Valdes in honour of the Duke of Alburquerque, viceroy of New Spain from 1702 to 1710. The first "r" in "Alburquerque" was dropped at some point in the 19th century, supposedly by an Anglo-American railroad station-master unable to correctly pronounce the city's name. In the 1990's, the Central Avenue Trolley Buses were emblazoned with the name Alburquerque (note the extra "r" as the fifth letter) in honor of the city's historic name. Throughout 2005 and 2006, the tricentennial celebration is taking place throughout the city. During the Civil War Albuquerque was occupied in February 1862 by Confederate troops under General Henry Hopkins Sibley, who soon afterwards advanced with his main body into northern New Mexico. During his retreat from Union troops into Texas he made a stand on April 8, 1862 at Albuquerque. A day-long engagement at long range led to few casualties against a detachment of Union soldiers commanded by Colonel Edward R. S. Canby. When the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad arrived in 1880, it bypassed the Plaza, locating the passenger depot and railyards about two miles east in what quickly became known as New Albuquerque or New Town. Old Town remained a separate community until the 1940s when it was absorbed by the City of Albuquerque, which had been incorporated in 1891. New Albuquerque quickly became a tidy southwestern town which by 1900 boasted a population of 8,000 inhabitants and all the modern amenities including an electric street railway connecting Old Town, New Town, and the recently established UNM campus on the East Mesa. In 1902 the famous Alvarado Hotel was built adjacent to the new passenger depot and remained a symbol of the city until it was torn down in 1970 to make room for a parking lot. In 2002, the Alvarado Transportation Center was built on the site in a manner resembling the old landmark. It functions as the downtown headquarters for the city's transit department, and serves as an intermodal hub for local buses, Greyhound buses, and the Rail Runner commuter rail line. New Mexico's dry climate brought many tuberculosis patients to the city in search of a cure during the early 1900s, and several sanitaria sprang up on the East Mesa to serve them. Presbyterian Hospital and St. Joseph Hospital, two of the largest hospitals in the city, had their beginnings during this period. Influential New Deal-era governor Clyde Tingley and famed southwestern architect John Gaw Meem were among those brought to New Mexico by tuberculosis. The first travelers on