:: wikimiki.org ::

Agenda (meeting)

Agenda (meeting)

Agenda are points to be discussed at a meeting. The singular of the word agenda is an agendum. The agenda are usually presented as an ordered list, and it is common, but incorrect, for the list of agenda to simply be refered to as the agenda. In business meetings of deliberative bodies, the list of agenda may also be known as the orders of the day. The list of agenda is usually distributed to a meeting's participants prior to the meeting, so that they will be aware of the subjects to be discussed, and are able to prepare for the meeting accordingly. The agenda are usually headed with the date, time and location of the meeting, followed by a series of points outlining the order of the meeting. Points on a typical list of agenda may include:
- Welcome/open meeting
- Apologies for absence
- Approve minutes of the previous meeting
- Matters arising from the previous meeting
- a list of specific points to be discussed — this section is where the bulk of the discussion in the meeting usually takes place.
- Any other business (AOB) — allowing a participant to raise another point for discussion.
- Arrange/announce details of next meeting
- Close meeting Category:Parliamentary law Category:Meetings

Meeting

s.]] In a meeting, two or more people come together, in particular to have discussions, often in a formalized way. Instead of coming together physically (in real life, face to face), also communication lines and equipment can be set up to have a discussion between people at different locations, e.g. a conference call or an e-meeting. In organizations, meetings are an important vehicle for human communication. They are so common and pervasive in organizations, however, that many take them for granted and forget that, unless properly planned and executed, meetings can be a terrible waste of precious resources. Because of their importance, a career in professional meeting planning has emerged in recent years.

Topics in meetings

- Facilitation
- Open space conference

Types of meeting

- Staff meeting -- typically a meeting between a manager and those that report to the manager (possibly indirectly).
- Team meeting -- a meeting among colleagues working on various aspects of a team project.
- Ad-hoc meeting -- a meeting called together for a special purpose
- Management meeting -- a meeting among managers
- Board meeting -- a meeting the Board of directors of an organization
- One to one meeting -- a meeting between two individuals

Meeting styles

- stand-up meeting
- breakfast meeting
- off-site meeting

Seven rules for meetings

Training material for how to hold an effective meeting often lists rules such as: 1. Be clear about the meeting’s objective 2. Create a solid agenda 3. Prepare in advance 4. Discussion-management process 5. Use of time 6. Plan, discuss and assign roles 7. Pre- and post-meeting communication

External links

- [http://www.mpiweb.org Meeting Professionals International (MPI)]
- [http://www.pmpn.com/planners.htm Professional Meeting Planners Network]
- [http://www.3m.com/meetingnetwork/ The 3M Meeting Network]
- http://crs.uvm.edu/citizens/meeting.htm category:Meetings category:Management category:Organizational studies and human resource management ja:会議

Ordered list

:This article is about the word list as used in computer science. For other uses, see list (disambiguation). In computer science, a list is usually defined as an instance of an abstract data type (ADT) formalizing the concept of on ordered collection of entities. For example, an ADT for untyped, mutable lists may be specified in terms of a constructor and four operations:
- a constructor for creating an empty list;
- an operation for testing whether or not a list is empty;
- an operation for prepending an entity to a list (cons);
- an operation for determining the first component of a list (car);
- an operation for referring to the list consisting of all the components of a list except for its first (cdr); In practice, lists are usually implemented using arrays or linked lists of some sort. Lists have properties that arrays and linked lists share. Informally, the term list is sometimes used synonymously with linked list. A sequence is another name, emphasizing the ordering and suggesting that it may not be a linked list. The size and contents of lists may or may not vary at runtime, depending on implementations. Random access over lists also may or may not be possible, depending on implementations. Sometimes equality of lists is defined simply in terms of object identity: two lists are equal if and only if they are the same object. In modern programming languages, equality of lists is normally defined in terms of structural equality of the corresponding entries, except that if the lists are typed, then the list types may also be relevant. Lists may be typed. This implies that the entries in a list must have types that are compatible with the list's type. It is common that lists are typed when they are implemented using arrays. In Lisp, lists are the fundamental data type and can represent both program code and data. In most dialects, the list of the first three prime numbers could be written as (list 2 3 5). In several dialects of Lisp, including Scheme, a list is collection of pairs, consisting of a value and a pointer to the next pair (or null value). The standard way of implementing lists, originating with Lisp, is to have each element of the list contain both its value and a pointer indicating the location of the next element in the list. This results in either a linked list or a tree, depending on whether the list has nested sublists. Although LISP implementations (such as the LISP used for the Symbolics 3600) often use "compressed lists" which are arrays. Some languages do not offer a list data structure, but offer the use of associative arrays or some kind of table to emulate lists. For example, Lua provides tables. Although Lua stores lists that have numerical indices as arrays internally, they still appear as hash tables. Some languages may instead implement lists using other data structures, such as arrays. However, it is generally assumed that elements can be inserted into a list in constant time, while access of a random element in a list requires linear time; this is to be contrasted with an array (or vector), for which the time complexities are reversed. Lists can be manipulated using iteration or recursion. The former is often preferred in non-tail-recursive languages, and languages in which recursion over lists is for some other reason uncomfortable. The latter is generally preferred in functional languages, since iteration is associated with arrays and often regarded as imperative. Because in computing, lists are easier to realize than sets, an finite set in mathematical sense can be realized as a list with additional restrictions, that is, duplicate elements are disallowed and such that order is irrelevant. If the list is sorted, it speeds up determining if a given item is already in the set but in order to ensure the order, it requires more time to add new entry to the list.

Deliberative body

A deliberative assembly is an organization, comprising members, that uses a parliamentary procedure for making decisions. The following are common types of deliberative assemblies:
- The Mass Meeting
- The Local Assembly of an Organized Society
- The Convention
- The Legislative Body
- The Board A committee is a type of small deliberative assembly that is subordinate to another deliberative assembly. A deliberative assembly may have different classes of members. Common classes are voting members (also known as regular members), who have the right to vote, ex-offico members, and honorary members. A deliberative assembly may, or may not be, representative. For example, a board is comprised of elected representatives; but there are no representatives in a mass meeting of members.

Time

Attempting to understand Time has long been a prime occupation for philosophers, scientists and artists. There are widely divergent views about its meaning, hence it is difficult to provide an uncontroversial and clear definition of time. The Oxford English Dictionary defines it as "the indefinite continued progress of existence and events in the past, present, and future, regarded as a whole". Another standard dictionary definition is "a non-spatial linear continuum wherein events occur in an apparently irreversible order." This article looks at some of the main philosophical and scientific issues relating to time. The measurement of time has also occupied scientists and technologists, and was a prime motivation in astronomy. Time is also a matter of significant social importance, having economic value ("time is money") as well as personal value due to an awareness of the limited time in each day and in our lives. Units of time have been agreed upon to quantify the duration of events and the intervals between them. Regularly recurring events and objects with apparently periodic motion have long served as standards for units of time - such as the apparent motion of the sun across the sky, the phases of the moon, the swing of a pendulum.

Philosophy of time

Main article: Philosophy of space and time; Ontology In ancient thought, Zeno's paradoxes challenged the conception of infinite divisibility, and eventually led to the development of calculus. Parmenides (of whom Zeno was a follower) believed that time, motion, and change were illusions, basing this on a rather interesting argument. More recently, McTaggart held a similar belief. Newton believed time and space form a container for events, which is as real as the objects it contains. In contrast, Leibniz believed that time and space are a conceptual apparatus describing the interrelations between events. Leibniz and others thought of time as a fundamental part of an abstract conceptual framework, together with space and number, within which we sequence events, quantify their duration, and compare the motions of objects. In this view, time does not refer to any kind of entity that "flows", that objects "move through", or that is a "container" for events. The bucket argument proved problematic for Leibniz, and his account fell into disfavour, at least amongst scientists, until the development of Mach's principle. Modern physics views the curvature of spacetime around an object as much a feature of that object as are its mass and volume. Immanuel Kant, in the Critique of Pure Reason, described time as an a priori notion that allows us (together with other a priori notions such as space) to comprehend sense experience. With Kant, neither space nor time are conceived as substances, but rather both are elements of a systematic framework necessarily structuring the experiences of any rational agent. Spatial measurements are used to quantify how far apart objects are, and temporal measurements are used to quantify how far apart events occur. Nietzsche, inspired by the concept of eternal return in his book Thus Spoke Zarathustra, argued that time possesses a circular characteristic. Postulating an infinite past, "all things" must have come to pass therein; the same for an infinite future. In Existentialism, time is considered fundamental to the question of being, in particular by the philosopher Martin Heidegger.

Contemporary theses in the philosophy of time

In contempoary philosophy there has been a very active debate over the nature of time, especially in light of the big changes in physics since the 1920s. Contributors include Ned Markosian, Ted Sider, Quentin Smith, and L. Nathan Oaklander. Two major theses have been developed, along with some hybrids. There is no real consensus among philosophers about which, if any, is correct. The two major theories can be summed up as follows: 1. A-theory of time: Presentism: Oaklander writes: "[A] version of the pure A-theory, known as "", purports to avoid… the problem of change... According to presentism, only the present exists. Thus, it is not the case that, say, O is green and [then] O is red [if, for example, O is a tomato]." (Oaklander, L. Nathan. In Smith, Quentin, and Oaklander, L. Nathan. 1995. Time, Change, and Freedom. New York: Routledge. 2004, 27.) 2. B-theory of time: Eternalism: the following passage from L. Nathan Oaklander sums this up

…[T]ime [involves] events strung out along a series united to one another by the relations of earlier than, later and simultaneity… The events in the temporal series are fixed in that they never change their position relative to each other… It has become customary to call the entire series of events spread out along the time-line from earlier to later, the “B-series.” When viewed solely in terms of the B-series, time is thought of as static or unchanging for there is nothing about temporal relations between events that changes... Time not only has a static aspect, it also has a transitory aspect. In addition to conceiving of time in terms of events standing in temporal relations, we also conceive of time and the events in time as moving or passing from the far future to the near future, from the hear future to the present, and then from present they recede into the more and more distant past… When events are ordered in terms of the notions of past, present, or future they form what is called an “A-series.” It should be noted, of course, that the A- and B-series are not really “two” different series of events, but the same series ordered in two different ways. (Oaklander 2004,Page 69)

Time in physics

never change Main article: Time in physics Time is currently one of the few fundamental quantities (quantities which cannot be defined via other quantities because there is nothing more fundamental known at present). Thus, similar to definition of other fundamental quantities (like space and mass), time is defined via measurement. Currently, the standard time interval (called conventional second, or simply second) is defined as 9 192 631 770 oscillations of a hyperfine transition in the ¹³³Cs atom. Prior to Albert Einstein's relativistic physics, time and space had been treated as distinct dimensions; Einstein linked time and space into spacetime. Einstein showed that people traveling at different speeds will measure different times for events and different distances between objects, though these differences are minute unless one is traveling at a speed close to that of light. Many subatomic particles exist for only a fixed fraction of a second in a lab relatively at rest, but some that travel close to the speed of light can be measured to travel further and survive longer than expected. According to the special theory of relativity, in the high-speed particle's frame of reference, it exists for the same amount of time as usual, and the distance it travels in that time is what would be expected for that velocity. Relative to a frame of reference at rest, time seems to "slow down" for the particle. Relative to the high-speed particle, distances seems to shorten. Even in Newtonian terms time may be considered the fourth dimension of motion; but Einstein showed how both temporal and spatial dimensions can be altered (or "warped") by high-speed motion. Einstein (The Meaning Of Relativity - 1968): "Two events taking place at the points A and B of a system K are simultaneous if they appear at the same instant when observed from the middle point, M, of the interval AB. Time is then defined as the ensemble of the indications of similar clocks, at rest relatively to K, which register the same simultaneously."

Measurement

Present day standards

The standard unit for time is the SI second, from which larger units are defined like the minute, hour, and day. Because they do not use the decimal system, and because of the occasional need for a leap-second, the minute, hour, and day are "non-SI" units, but are officially accepted for use with the International System. There are no fixed ratios between seconds (or days) on the one hand and months and years on the other hand -- months and years having significant variations in length. Despite its great social importance, the week is not mentioned even as a "non-SI" unit. ([http://www1.bipm.org/utils/en/pdf/si-brochure.pdf See external pdf file: The International System of Units].) The measurement of time is so critical to the functioning of our modern societies that it is coordinated at an international level. The basis for scientific time is a continuous count of seconds based on atomic clocks around the world, known as International Atomic Time (TAI). This is the yardstick for other time scales including Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) which is the basis for civil time. The 60 base used for seconds, minutes and hours is all the remains of the ancient Phoenician counting base, using 60 as the equivalent of 10, or 100 in modern times. A 60 base is known as sexagesimal.

Chronology

Another form of time measurement consists of studying the past. Events in the past can be ordered in a sequence (creating a chronology), and be put into chronological groups (periodization). One of the most important systems of periodization is Geologic time, which is a system of periodizing the events that shaped the Earth and its life. Chronology, periodization, and interpretation of the past are together known as the study of history.

Psychology

Different people may judge identical lengths of time quite differently. Time can "fly"; that is, a long period of time can seem to go by very quickly. Likewise, time can seem to "drag," as in when one performs a boring task. The psychologist Jean Piaget called this form of time perception "lived time". Time appears to go fast when sleeping, or, to put it differently, time seems not to have passed while asleep. Time also appears to pass more quickly as one gets older. For example, a day for a child seems to last longer than a day for an adult. One possible reason for this is that with increasing age, each segment of time is an increasingly smaller percentage of the person's total experience. Altered states of consciousness are sometimes characterised by a different estimation of time. Some psychoactive substances--such as entheogens--may also dramatically alter a person's temporal judgement. In explaining his theory of relativity, Albert Einstein is often quoted as saying that although sitting next to a pretty girl for an hour feels like a minute, placing one's hand on a hot stove for a minute feels like an hour. This is intended to introduce the listener to the concept of the interval between two events being perceived differently by different observers.

Use of time

The use of time is an important issue in understanding human behaviour, education, and travel behaviour. The question concerns how time is allocated across a number of activities (such as time spent at home, at work, shopping, etc.). Time use changes with technology, as the television or the Internet created new opportunities to use time in different ways. However, some aspects of time use are relatively stable over long periods of time, such as the amount of time spent traveling to work, which despite major changes in transport, has been observed to be about 20-30 minutes one-way for a large number of cities over a long period of time. This has led to the disputed time budget hypothesis. Time management is the organization of tasks or events by first estimating how much time a task will take to be completed, when it must be completed, and then adjusting events that would interfere with its completion so that completion is reached in the appropriate amount of time. Calendars and day planners are common examples of time management tools. Arlie Russell Hochschild and Norbert Elias have written on the use of time from a sociological perspective.

References

- Oxford English Dictionary - [http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/time?view=uk]

External links

Perception of time

- [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/time-experience/ The Experience and Perception of Time]
- [http://cogprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/archive/00003125/ Subjective Perception of Time and a Progressive Present Moment: The Neurobiological Key to Unlocking Consciousness]
- [http://www.primitivism.com/time.htm Time and Its Discontents]
- [http://www.ericdigests.org/2003-5/time.htm Time and Learning]
- [http://mixingmemory.blogspot.com/2004/12/by-request-time-perception-i.html Time Perception I] and [http://mixingmemory.blogspot.com/2004/12/time-perception-ii-cognitive-factors.html II]
- [http://theorderoftime.org/ The Order of Time: Platform for an Alternative Time Consciousness]
- [http://www.chabad.org/article.asp?AID=74335 What is Time?] An elucidation of the Lubavitcher Rebbe's comments on the topic.

Physics

- [http://physics.nist.gov/GenInt/Time/world.html A walk through Time]
- [http://pages.britishlibrary.net/lobster/tmx Time Travel and Multi-Dimensionality]
- [http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0310055 Time and classical and quantum mechanics: Indeterminacy vs. discontinuity]
- [http://www.sankey.ws/time.html Time as a universal consequence of quanta]

Timekeeping

- [http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/systime.html Different systems of measuring time]
- [http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/outside.html non-SI units]
- [http://www1.bipm.org/en/scientific/tai/time_server.html UTC/TAI Timeserver]
- [http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/leapsec.html Leapsecond]
- [http://www.intuitor.com/hex/hexclock.html Hex Time]
- [http://www.florencetime.net Florencetime.net]
- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3486160.stm BBC article on shortest time ever measured]
- [http://www.awi-net.org American Watchmakers-Clockmakers Institute]
- [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/ The World Clock - Time Zones]

Miscellaneous

- [http://www.boost.org/doc/html/date_time.html Boost Date-Time Library -- Powerful C++ Library for date-time manipulation]
- [http://www.cyclesresearchinstitute.org/ Cycles Research Institute]
- [http://www.timeticker.com/ TimeTicker and the time tickers...]
- [http://www.welt-zeit-uhr.de/worldtime.php World Time and Zones]
- [http://www.timetools.co.uk Time Servers] NTP Time Servers provide accurate timing for computers and computer networks.

Category:Parliamentary law

Articles having to do with formal meetings for deliberative or parliamentary procedure, such as rules of order, etc. Category:Human communication Category:Meetings Category:Law

Category:Meetings

Category:Organizational studies and human resource management Category:Organizations Category:Events

Alfonso X

Alfonso X Viisas (23. marraskuuta 1221–4. huhtikuuta 1284) oli Kastilian ja Leónin kuningaskunnan kuningas vuosina 1251–1282. Alfonso X valittiin Hohenstaufeista polveutuen 1257 Saksan kuninkaaksi. Hän oli aikansa oppinein ruhtinas. Alfonso X valmistustutti muun muassa niin sanotun Alfonson taulut (Tabulae Alphonsiae), planeettataulukot, jotka säilyivät käytössä aina kopernikaaniseen vallankumoukseen saakka. Lisäksi Alfonso X julkaisi yli 400 laulua sisältävän musiikkiteos Cantigas de Santa Marian. Luokka:Hallitsijat Luokka:Espanjalaiset säveltäjät ja:アルフォンソ10世

slots domeny gry tapety wygaszacze gry House

outlook peb.pl winamp5.53 download mozilia archiwum aukcji internetowych winamp5.53 download archiwum allegro photofun program lista mmorpg euro2012

:: RELATED NEWS ::

Bill Kaysing
William Charles Kaysing (July 31, 1922- April 21, 2005,) was a writer who claimed that the six Apollo moon landings that took place between 1969 and 1972 were hoaxes. He was regarded as th

Agenda (meeting)

Meeting

Topics in meetings

Types of meeting

Meeting styles

Seven rules for meetings

See also

External links

Ordered list

See also

Deliberative body

See also

Time

Philosophy of time

Contemporary theses in the philosophy of time

Time in physics

Measurement

Present day standards

Chronology

Psychology

Use of time

See also

General units of time

Special units of time

Time measurement and horology

Theory and study of time

References

External links

Perception of time

Physics

Timekeeping

Miscellaneous

Further reading

Category:Parliamentary law

Category:Meetings

Alfonso X